LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - alg - gdalwarpoperation.cpp (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: gdal_filtered.info Lines: 1083 1247 86.8 %
Date: 2024-11-21 22:18:42 Functions: 33 37 89.2 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /******************************************************************************
       2             :  *
       3             :  * Project:  High Performance Image Reprojector
       4             :  * Purpose:  Implementation of the GDALWarpOperation class.
       5             :  * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
       6             :  *
       7             :  ******************************************************************************
       8             :  * Copyright (c) 2003, Frank Warmerdam <warmerdam@pobox.com>
       9             :  * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
      10             :  *
      11             :  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      12             :  ****************************************************************************/
      13             : 
      14             : #include "cpl_port.h"
      15             : #include "gdalwarper.h"
      16             : 
      17             : #include <climits>
      18             : #include <cmath>
      19             : #include <cstddef>
      20             : #include <cstdlib>
      21             : #include <cstring>
      22             : 
      23             : #include <algorithm>
      24             : #include <limits>
      25             : #include <map>
      26             : #include <memory>
      27             : #include <mutex>
      28             : 
      29             : #include "cpl_config.h"
      30             : #include "cpl_conv.h"
      31             : #include "cpl_error.h"
      32             : #include "cpl_mask.h"
      33             : #include "cpl_multiproc.h"
      34             : #include "cpl_string.h"
      35             : #include "cpl_vsi.h"
      36             : #include "gdal.h"
      37             : #include "gdal_priv.h"
      38             : #include "gdal_alg_priv.h"
      39             : #include "ogr_api.h"
      40             : #include "ogr_core.h"
      41             : 
      42             : struct _GDALWarpChunk
      43             : {
      44             :     int dx, dy, dsx, dsy;
      45             :     int sx, sy, ssx, ssy;
      46             :     double sExtraSx, sExtraSy;
      47             : };
      48             : 
      49             : struct GDALWarpPrivateData
      50             : {
      51             :     int nStepCount = 0;
      52             :     std::vector<int> abSuccess{};
      53             :     std::vector<double> adfDstX{};
      54             :     std::vector<double> adfDstY{};
      55             : };
      56             : 
      57             : static std::mutex gMutex{};
      58             : static std::map<GDALWarpOperation *, std::unique_ptr<GDALWarpPrivateData>>
      59             :     gMapPrivate{};
      60             : 
      61             : static GDALWarpPrivateData *
      62         425 : GetWarpPrivateData(GDALWarpOperation *poWarpOperation)
      63             : {
      64         850 :     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> oLock(gMutex);
      65         425 :     auto oItem = gMapPrivate.find(poWarpOperation);
      66         425 :     if (oItem != gMapPrivate.end())
      67             :     {
      68         284 :         return oItem->second.get();
      69             :     }
      70             :     else
      71             :     {
      72         141 :         gMapPrivate[poWarpOperation] =
      73         282 :             std::unique_ptr<GDALWarpPrivateData>(new GDALWarpPrivateData());
      74         141 :         return gMapPrivate[poWarpOperation].get();
      75             :     }
      76             : }
      77             : 
      78             : /************************************************************************/
      79             : /* ==================================================================== */
      80             : /*                          GDALWarpOperation                           */
      81             : /* ==================================================================== */
      82             : /************************************************************************/
      83             : 
      84             : /**
      85             :  * \class GDALWarpOperation "gdalwarper.h"
      86             :  *
      87             :  * High level image warping class.
      88             : 
      89             : <h2>Warper Design</h2>
      90             : 
      91             : The overall GDAL high performance image warper is split into a few components.
      92             : 
      93             :  - The transformation between input and output file coordinates is handled
      94             : via GDALTransformerFunc() implementations such as the one returned by
      95             : GDALCreateGenImgProjTransformer().  The transformers are ultimately responsible
      96             : for translating pixel/line locations on the destination image to pixel/line
      97             : locations on the source image.
      98             : 
      99             :  - In order to handle images too large to hold in RAM, the warper needs to
     100             : segment large images.  This is the responsibility of the GDALWarpOperation
     101             : class.  The GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage() invokes
     102             : GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion() on chunks of output and input image that
     103             : are small enough to hold in the amount of memory allowed by the application.
     104             : This process is described in greater detail in the <b>Image Chunking</b>
     105             : section.
     106             : 
     107             :  - The GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion() function creates and loads an output
     108             : image buffer, and then calls WarpRegionToBuffer().
     109             : 
     110             :  - GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer() is responsible for loading the
     111             : source imagery corresponding to a particular output region, and generating
     112             : masks and density masks from the source and destination imagery using
     113             : the generator functions found in the GDALWarpOptions structure.  Binds this
     114             : all into an instance of GDALWarpKernel on which the
     115             : GDALWarpKernel::PerformWarp() method is called.
     116             : 
     117             :  - GDALWarpKernel does the actual image warping, but is given an input image
     118             : and an output image to operate on.  The GDALWarpKernel does no IO, and in
     119             : fact knows nothing about GDAL.  It invokes the transformation function to
     120             : get sample locations, builds output values based on the resampling algorithm
     121             : in use.  It also takes any validity and density masks into account during
     122             : this operation.
     123             : 
     124             : <h3>Chunk Size Selection</h3>
     125             : 
     126             : The GDALWarpOptions ChunkAndWarpImage() method is responsible for invoking
     127             : the WarpRegion() method on appropriate sized output chunks such that the
     128             : memory required for the output image buffer, input image buffer and any
     129             : required density and validity buffers is less than or equal to the application
     130             : defined maximum memory available for use.
     131             : 
     132             : It checks the memory required by walking the edges of the output region,
     133             : transforming the locations back into source pixel/line coordinates and
     134             : establishing a bounding rectangle of source imagery that would be required
     135             : for the output area.  This is actually accomplished by the private
     136             : GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindow() method.
     137             : 
     138             : Then memory requirements are used by totaling the memory required for all
     139             : output bands, input bands, validity masks and density masks.  If this is
     140             : greater than the GDALWarpOptions::dfWarpMemoryLimit then the destination
     141             : region is divided in two (splitting the longest dimension), and
     142             : ChunkAndWarpImage() recursively invoked on each destination subregion.
     143             : 
     144             : <h3>Validity and Density Masks Generation</h3>
     145             : 
     146             : Fill in ways in which the validity and density masks may be generated here.
     147             : Note that detailed semantics of the masks should be found in
     148             : GDALWarpKernel.
     149             : */
     150             : 
     151             : /************************************************************************/
     152             : /*                         GDALWarpOperation()                          */
     153             : /************************************************************************/
     154             : 
     155        1384 : GDALWarpOperation::GDALWarpOperation()
     156             :     : psOptions(nullptr), hIOMutex(nullptr), hWarpMutex(nullptr),
     157             :       nChunkListCount(0), nChunkListMax(0), pasChunkList(nullptr),
     158        1384 :       bReportTimings(FALSE), nLastTimeReported(0), psThreadData(nullptr)
     159             : {
     160        1384 : }
     161             : 
     162             : /************************************************************************/
     163             : /*                         ~GDALWarpOperation()                         */
     164             : /************************************************************************/
     165             : 
     166        1875 : GDALWarpOperation::~GDALWarpOperation()
     167             : 
     168             : {
     169             :     {
     170        2768 :         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> oLock(gMutex);
     171        1384 :         auto oItem = gMapPrivate.find(this);
     172        1384 :         if (oItem != gMapPrivate.end())
     173             :         {
     174         141 :             gMapPrivate.erase(oItem);
     175             :         }
     176             :     }
     177             : 
     178        1384 :     WipeOptions();
     179             : 
     180        1384 :     if (hIOMutex != nullptr)
     181             :     {
     182           5 :         CPLDestroyMutex(hIOMutex);
     183           5 :         CPLDestroyMutex(hWarpMutex);
     184             :     }
     185             : 
     186        1384 :     WipeChunkList();
     187        1384 :     if (psThreadData)
     188        1382 :         GWKThreadsEnd(psThreadData);
     189        1875 : }
     190             : 
     191             : /************************************************************************/
     192             : /*                             GetOptions()                             */
     193             : /************************************************************************/
     194             : 
     195             : /** Return warp options */
     196        1258 : const GDALWarpOptions *GDALWarpOperation::GetOptions()
     197             : 
     198             : {
     199        1258 :     return psOptions;
     200             : }
     201             : 
     202             : /************************************************************************/
     203             : /*                            WipeOptions()                             */
     204             : /************************************************************************/
     205             : 
     206        1386 : void GDALWarpOperation::WipeOptions()
     207             : 
     208             : {
     209        1386 :     if (psOptions != nullptr)
     210             :     {
     211        1384 :         GDALDestroyWarpOptions(psOptions);
     212        1384 :         psOptions = nullptr;
     213             :     }
     214        1386 : }
     215             : 
     216             : /************************************************************************/
     217             : /*                          ValidateOptions()                           */
     218             : /************************************************************************/
     219             : 
     220        1384 : int GDALWarpOperation::ValidateOptions()
     221             : 
     222             : {
     223        1384 :     if (psOptions == nullptr)
     224             :     {
     225           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     226             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     227             :                  "no options currently initialized.");
     228           0 :         return FALSE;
     229             :     }
     230             : 
     231        1384 :     if (psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit < 100000.0)
     232             :     {
     233           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     234             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     235             :                  "dfWarpMemoryLimit=%g is unreasonably small.",
     236           0 :                  psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit);
     237           0 :         return FALSE;
     238             :     }
     239             : 
     240        1384 :     if (psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_NearestNeighbour &&
     241         748 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Bilinear &&
     242         376 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Cubic &&
     243         259 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_CubicSpline &&
     244         195 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Lanczos &&
     245         138 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Average &&
     246          67 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_RMS &&
     247          57 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Mode &&
     248          47 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Max &&
     249          41 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Min &&
     250          36 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Med &&
     251          30 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Q1 &&
     252          25 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Q3 && psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Sum)
     253             :     {
     254           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     255             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     256             :                  "eResampleArg=%d is not a supported value.",
     257           0 :                  psOptions->eResampleAlg);
     258           0 :         return FALSE;
     259             :     }
     260             : 
     261        1384 :     if (static_cast<int>(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) < 1 ||
     262        1384 :         static_cast<int>(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) >= GDT_TypeCount)
     263             :     {
     264           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     265             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     266             :                  "eWorkingDataType=%d is not a supported value.",
     267           0 :                  psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
     268           0 :         return FALSE;
     269             :     }
     270             : 
     271        1633 :     if (GDALDataTypeIsComplex(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) != 0 &&
     272         249 :         (psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Mode ||
     273         249 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Max ||
     274         249 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Min ||
     275         249 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Med ||
     276         249 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Q1 ||
     277         249 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Q3))
     278             :     {
     279             : 
     280           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
     281             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     282             :                  "min/max/qnt not supported for complex valued data.");
     283           0 :         return FALSE;
     284             :     }
     285             : 
     286        1384 :     if (psOptions->hSrcDS == nullptr)
     287             :     {
     288           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     289             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     290             :                  "hSrcDS is not set.");
     291           0 :         return FALSE;
     292             :     }
     293             : 
     294        1384 :     if (psOptions->nBandCount == 0)
     295             :     {
     296           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     297             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     298             :                  "nBandCount=0, no bands configured!");
     299           0 :         return FALSE;
     300             :     }
     301             : 
     302        1384 :     if (psOptions->panSrcBands == nullptr)
     303             :     {
     304           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     305             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     306             :                  "panSrcBands is NULL.");
     307           0 :         return FALSE;
     308             :     }
     309             : 
     310        1384 :     if (psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr && psOptions->panDstBands == nullptr)
     311             :     {
     312           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     313             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     314             :                  "panDstBands is NULL.");
     315           0 :         return FALSE;
     316             :     }
     317             : 
     318        3232 :     for (int iBand = 0; iBand < psOptions->nBandCount; iBand++)
     319             :     {
     320        3696 :         if (psOptions->panSrcBands[iBand] < 1 ||
     321        1848 :             psOptions->panSrcBands[iBand] >
     322        1848 :                 GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS))
     323             :         {
     324           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     325             :                      "panSrcBands[%d] = %d ... out of range for dataset.",
     326           0 :                      iBand, psOptions->panSrcBands[iBand]);
     327           0 :             return FALSE;
     328             :         }
     329        3683 :         if (psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr &&
     330        1835 :             (psOptions->panDstBands[iBand] < 1 ||
     331        1835 :              psOptions->panDstBands[iBand] >
     332        1835 :                  GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hDstDS)))
     333             :         {
     334           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     335             :                      "panDstBands[%d] = %d ... out of range for dataset.",
     336           0 :                      iBand, psOptions->panDstBands[iBand]);
     337           0 :             return FALSE;
     338             :         }
     339             : 
     340        3683 :         if (psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr &&
     341        1835 :             GDALGetRasterAccess(GDALGetRasterBand(
     342        1835 :                 psOptions->hDstDS, psOptions->panDstBands[iBand])) ==
     343             :                 GA_ReadOnly)
     344             :         {
     345           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     346             :                      "Destination band %d appears to be read-only.",
     347           0 :                      psOptions->panDstBands[iBand]);
     348           0 :             return FALSE;
     349             :         }
     350             :     }
     351             : 
     352        1384 :     if (psOptions->nBandCount == 0)
     353             :     {
     354           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     355             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     356             :                  "nBandCount=0, no bands configured!");
     357           0 :         return FALSE;
     358             :     }
     359             : 
     360        1384 :     if (psOptions->pfnProgress == nullptr)
     361             :     {
     362           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     363             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     364             :                  "pfnProgress is NULL.");
     365           0 :         return FALSE;
     366             :     }
     367             : 
     368        1384 :     if (psOptions->pfnTransformer == nullptr)
     369             :     {
     370           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     371             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     372             :                  "pfnTransformer is NULL.");
     373           0 :         return FALSE;
     374             :     }
     375             : 
     376             :     const char *pszSampleSteps =
     377        1384 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_STEPS");
     378        1384 :     if (pszSampleSteps)
     379             :     {
     380           8 :         if (!EQUAL(pszSampleSteps, "ALL") && atoi(pszSampleSteps) < 2)
     381             :         {
     382           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     383             :                      "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     384             :                      "SAMPLE_STEPS warp option has illegal value.");
     385           0 :             return FALSE;
     386             :         }
     387             :     }
     388             : 
     389        1384 :     if (psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0)
     390             :     {
     391         170 :         if (psOptions->hSrcDS == nullptr ||
     392          85 :             psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS))
     393             :         {
     394           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     395             :                      "nSrcAlphaBand = %d ... out of range for dataset.",
     396           0 :                      psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand);
     397           0 :             return FALSE;
     398             :         }
     399             :     }
     400             : 
     401        1384 :     if (psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0)
     402             :     {
     403         460 :         if (psOptions->hDstDS == nullptr ||
     404         230 :             psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hDstDS))
     405             :         {
     406           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     407             :                      "nDstAlphaBand = %d ... out of range for dataset.",
     408           0 :                      psOptions->nDstAlphaBand);
     409           0 :             return FALSE;
     410             :         }
     411             :     }
     412             : 
     413        1384 :     if (psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0 &&
     414          85 :         psOptions->pfnSrcDensityMaskFunc != nullptr)
     415             :     {
     416           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     417             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     418             :                  "pfnSrcDensityMaskFunc provided as well as a SrcAlphaBand.");
     419           0 :         return FALSE;
     420             :     }
     421             : 
     422        1384 :     if (psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0 &&
     423         230 :         psOptions->pfnDstDensityMaskFunc != nullptr)
     424             :     {
     425           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     426             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     427             :                  "pfnDstDensityMaskFunc provided as well as a DstAlphaBand.");
     428           0 :         return FALSE;
     429             :     }
     430             : 
     431        2768 :     const bool bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow = CPLFetchBool(
     432        1384 :         psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW", true);
     433        1726 :     if (!bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow &&
     434         342 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "INIT_DEST") == nullptr)
     435             :     {
     436           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     437             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     438             :                  "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW=FALSE can only be used "
     439             :                  "if INIT_DEST is set");
     440           0 :         return FALSE;
     441             :     }
     442             : 
     443        1384 :     return TRUE;
     444             : }
     445             : 
     446             : /************************************************************************/
     447             : /*                            SetAlphaMax()                             */
     448             : /************************************************************************/
     449             : 
     450         314 : static void SetAlphaMax(GDALWarpOptions *psOptions, GDALRasterBandH hBand,
     451             :                         const char *pszKey)
     452             : {
     453             :     const char *pszNBits =
     454         314 :         GDALGetMetadataItem(hBand, "NBITS", "IMAGE_STRUCTURE");
     455         314 :     const char *pszAlphaMax = nullptr;
     456         314 :     if (pszNBits)
     457             :     {
     458           4 :         pszAlphaMax = CPLSPrintf("%u", (1U << atoi(pszNBits)) - 1U);
     459             :     }
     460         310 :     else if (GDALGetRasterDataType(hBand) == GDT_Int16)
     461             :     {
     462          20 :         pszAlphaMax = "32767";
     463             :     }
     464         290 :     else if (GDALGetRasterDataType(hBand) == GDT_UInt16)
     465             :     {
     466          20 :         pszAlphaMax = "65535";
     467             :     }
     468             : 
     469         314 :     if (pszAlphaMax != nullptr)
     470          44 :         psOptions->papszWarpOptions =
     471          44 :             CSLSetNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, pszKey, pszAlphaMax);
     472             :     else
     473         270 :         CPLDebug("WARP", "SetAlphaMax: AlphaMax not set.");
     474         314 : }
     475             : 
     476             : /************************************************************************/
     477             : /*                             Initialize()                             */
     478             : /************************************************************************/
     479             : 
     480             : /**
     481             :  * \fn CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::Initialize( const GDALWarpOptions * );
     482             :  *
     483             :  * This method initializes the GDALWarpOperation's concept of the warp
     484             :  * options in effect.  It creates an internal copy of the GDALWarpOptions
     485             :  * structure and defaults a variety of additional fields in the internal
     486             :  * copy if not set in the provides warp options.
     487             :  *
     488             :  * Defaulting operations include:
     489             :  *  - If the nBandCount is 0, it will be set to the number of bands in the
     490             :  *    source image (which must match the output image) and the panSrcBands
     491             :  *    and panDstBands will be populated.
     492             :  *
     493             :  * @param psNewOptions input set of warp options.  These are copied and may
     494             :  * be destroyed after this call by the application.
     495             :  *
     496             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
     497             :  */
     498             : 
     499        1384 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::Initialize(const GDALWarpOptions *psNewOptions)
     500             : 
     501             : {
     502             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     503             :     /*      Copy the passed in options.                                     */
     504             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     505        1384 :     if (psOptions != nullptr)
     506           0 :         WipeOptions();
     507             : 
     508        1384 :     psOptions = GDALCloneWarpOptions(psNewOptions);
     509        2768 :     psOptions->papszWarpOptions =
     510        1384 :         CSLSetNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "EXTRA_ELTS",
     511             :                         CPLSPrintf("%d", WARP_EXTRA_ELTS));
     512             : 
     513             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     514             :     /*      Default band mapping if missing.                                */
     515             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     516           0 :     if (psOptions->nBandCount == 0 && psOptions->hSrcDS != nullptr &&
     517        1384 :         psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr &&
     518           0 :         GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS) ==
     519           0 :             GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hDstDS))
     520             :     {
     521           0 :         GDALWarpInitDefaultBandMapping(psOptions,
     522           0 :                                        GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS));
     523             :     }
     524             : 
     525        1384 :     GDALWarpResolveWorkingDataType(psOptions);
     526             : 
     527             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     528             :     /*      Default memory available.                                       */
     529             :     /*                                                                      */
     530             :     /*      For now we default to 64MB of RAM, but eventually we should     */
     531             :     /*      try various schemes to query physical RAM.  This can            */
     532             :     /*      certainly be done on Win32 and Linux.                           */
     533             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     534        1384 :     if (psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit == 0.0)
     535             :     {
     536        1129 :         psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit = 64.0 * 1024 * 1024;
     537             :     }
     538             : 
     539             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     540             :     /*      Are we doing timings?                                           */
     541             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     542        1384 :     bReportTimings =
     543        1384 :         CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "REPORT_TIMINGS", false);
     544             : 
     545             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     546             :     /*      Support creating cutline from text warpoption.                  */
     547             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     548             :     const char *pszCutlineWKT =
     549        1384 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "CUTLINE");
     550             : 
     551        1384 :     CPLErr eErr = CE_None;
     552        1384 :     if (pszCutlineWKT && psOptions->hCutline == nullptr)
     553             :     {
     554          33 :         char *pszWKTTmp = const_cast<char *>(pszCutlineWKT);
     555          66 :         if (OGR_G_CreateFromWkt(&pszWKTTmp, nullptr,
     556             :                                 reinterpret_cast<OGRGeometryH *>(
     557          33 :                                     &(psOptions->hCutline))) != OGRERR_NONE)
     558             :         {
     559           2 :             eErr = CE_Failure;
     560           2 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     561             :                      "Failed to parse CUTLINE geometry wkt.");
     562             :         }
     563             :     }
     564             :     const char *pszBD =
     565        1384 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "CUTLINE_BLEND_DIST");
     566        1384 :     if (pszBD)
     567           0 :         psOptions->dfCutlineBlendDist = CPLAtof(pszBD);
     568             : 
     569             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     570             :     /*      Set SRC_ALPHA_MAX if not provided.                              */
     571             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     572        1384 :     if (psOptions->hSrcDS != nullptr && psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0 &&
     573        2853 :         psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand <= GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS) &&
     574          85 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SRC_ALPHA_MAX") ==
     575             :             nullptr)
     576             :     {
     577             :         GDALRasterBandH hSrcAlphaBand =
     578          85 :             GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hSrcDS, psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand);
     579          85 :         SetAlphaMax(psOptions, hSrcAlphaBand, "SRC_ALPHA_MAX");
     580             :     }
     581             : 
     582             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     583             :     /*      Set DST_ALPHA_MAX if not provided.                              */
     584             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     585        1371 :     if (psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr && psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0 &&
     586        2985 :         psOptions->nDstAlphaBand <= GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hDstDS) &&
     587         230 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "DST_ALPHA_MAX") ==
     588             :             nullptr)
     589             :     {
     590             :         GDALRasterBandH hDstAlphaBand =
     591         229 :             GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hDstDS, psOptions->nDstAlphaBand);
     592         229 :         SetAlphaMax(psOptions, hDstAlphaBand, "DST_ALPHA_MAX");
     593             :     }
     594             : 
     595             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     596             :     /*      If the options don't validate, then wipe them.                  */
     597             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     598        1384 :     if (!ValidateOptions())
     599           0 :         eErr = CE_Failure;
     600             : 
     601        1384 :     if (eErr != CE_None)
     602             :     {
     603           2 :         WipeOptions();
     604             :     }
     605             :     else
     606             :     {
     607        2764 :         psThreadData = GWKThreadsCreate(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
     608        1382 :                                         psOptions->pfnTransformer,
     609        1382 :                                         psOptions->pTransformerArg);
     610        1382 :         if (psThreadData == nullptr)
     611           0 :             eErr = CE_Failure;
     612             : 
     613             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     614             :          */
     615             :         /*      Compute dstcoordinates of a few special points. */
     616             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     617             :          */
     618             : 
     619             :         // South and north poles. Do not exactly take +/-90 as the
     620             :         // round-tripping of the longitude value fails with some projections.
     621        4146 :         for (double dfY : {-89.9999, 89.9999})
     622             :         {
     623        2764 :             double dfX = 0;
     624        2764 :             if ((GDALIsTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg,
     625        2052 :                                    GDAL_APPROX_TRANSFORMER_CLASS_NAME) &&
     626        2052 :                  GDALTransformLonLatToDestApproxTransformer(
     627        5528 :                      psOptions->pTransformerArg, &dfX, &dfY)) ||
     628        1630 :                 (GDALIsTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg,
     629         406 :                                    GDAL_GEN_IMG_TRANSFORMER_CLASS_NAME) &&
     630         406 :                  GDALTransformLonLatToDestGenImgProjTransformer(
     631         406 :                      psOptions->pTransformerArg, &dfX, &dfY)))
     632             :             {
     633             :                 aDstXYSpecialPoints.emplace_back(
     634        1256 :                     std::pair<double, double>(dfX, dfY));
     635             :             }
     636             :         }
     637             : 
     638        1382 :         m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries =
     639        2764 :             GDALTransformIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries(
     640        1560 :                 psOptions->pfnTransformer, psOptions->pTransformerArg) &&
     641         178 :             CPLTestBool(
     642             :                 CPLGetConfigOption("GDAL_WARP_USE_TRANSLATION_OPTIM", "YES"));
     643        1382 :         if (m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries)
     644             :         {
     645         172 :             CPLDebug("WARP",
     646             :                      "Using translation-on-pixel-boundaries optimization");
     647             :         }
     648             :     }
     649             : 
     650        1384 :     return eErr;
     651             : }
     652             : 
     653             : /**
     654             :  * \fn void* GDALWarpOperation::CreateDestinationBuffer(
     655             :             int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int *pbInitialized);
     656             :  *
     657             :  * This method creates a destination buffer for use with WarpRegionToBuffer.
     658             :  * The output is initialized based on the INIT_DEST settings.
     659             :  *
     660             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination buffer to be produced.
     661             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination buffer to be
     662             :  produced.
     663             :  * @param pbInitialized Filled with boolean indicating if the buffer was
     664             :  initialized.
     665             :  *
     666             :  * @return Buffer capable for use as a warp operation output destination
     667             :  */
     668        2290 : void *GDALWarpOperation::CreateDestinationBuffer(int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize,
     669             :                                                  int *pbInitialized)
     670             : {
     671             : 
     672             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     673             :     /*      Allocate block of memory large enough to hold all the bands     */
     674             :     /*      for this block.                                                 */
     675             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     676        2290 :     const int nWordSize = GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
     677             : 
     678        2290 :     void *pDstBuffer = VSI_MALLOC3_VERBOSE(
     679             :         cpl::fits_on<int>(nWordSize * psOptions->nBandCount), nDstXSize,
     680             :         nDstYSize);
     681        2290 :     if (pDstBuffer)
     682             :     {
     683        2290 :         InitializeDestinationBuffer(pDstBuffer, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
     684             :                                     pbInitialized);
     685             :     }
     686        2290 :     return pDstBuffer;
     687             : }
     688             : 
     689             : /**
     690             :  * This method initializes a destination buffer for use with WarpRegionToBuffer.
     691             :  *
     692             :  * It is initialized based on the INIT_DEST settings.
     693             :  *
     694             :  * This method is called by CreateDestinationBuffer().
     695             :  * It is meant at being used by callers that have already allocated the
     696             :  * destination buffer without using CreateDestinationBuffer().
     697             :  *
     698             :  * @param pDstBuffer Buffer of size
     699             :  *                   GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) *
     700             :  *                   nDstXSize * nDstYSize * psOptions->nBandCount bytes.
     701             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination buffer to be produced.
     702             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination buffer to be
     703             :  *                  produced.
     704             :  * @param pbInitialized Filled with boolean indicating if the buffer was
     705             :  *                      initialized.
     706             :  * @since 3.10
     707             :  */
     708        2357 : void GDALWarpOperation::InitializeDestinationBuffer(void *pDstBuffer,
     709             :                                                     int nDstXSize,
     710             :                                                     int nDstYSize,
     711             :                                                     int *pbInitialized)
     712             : {
     713        2357 :     const int nWordSize = GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
     714             : 
     715        2357 :     const GPtrDiff_t nBandSize =
     716        2357 :         static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nWordSize) * nDstXSize * nDstYSize;
     717             : 
     718             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     719             :     /*      Initialize if requested in the options */
     720             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     721             :     const char *pszInitDest =
     722        2357 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "INIT_DEST");
     723             : 
     724        2357 :     if (pszInitDest == nullptr || EQUAL(pszInitDest, ""))
     725             :     {
     726         400 :         if (pbInitialized != nullptr)
     727             :         {
     728         400 :             *pbInitialized = FALSE;
     729             :         }
     730         400 :         return;
     731             :     }
     732             : 
     733        1957 :     if (pbInitialized != nullptr)
     734             :     {
     735        1558 :         *pbInitialized = TRUE;
     736             :     }
     737             : 
     738             :     char **papszInitValues =
     739        1957 :         CSLTokenizeStringComplex(pszInitDest, ",", FALSE, FALSE);
     740        1957 :     const int nInitCount = CSLCount(papszInitValues);
     741             : 
     742        4509 :     for (int iBand = 0; iBand < psOptions->nBandCount; iBand++)
     743             :     {
     744        2552 :         double adfInitRealImag[2] = {0.0, 0.0};
     745             :         const char *pszBandInit =
     746        2552 :             papszInitValues[std::min(iBand, nInitCount - 1)];
     747             : 
     748        2552 :         if (EQUAL(pszBandInit, "NO_DATA") &&
     749         456 :             psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal != nullptr)
     750             :         {
     751         432 :             adfInitRealImag[0] = psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal[iBand];
     752         432 :             if (psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag != nullptr)
     753             :             {
     754         349 :                 adfInitRealImag[1] = psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag[iBand];
     755             :             }
     756             :         }
     757             :         else
     758             :         {
     759        2120 :             CPLStringToComplex(pszBandInit, adfInitRealImag + 0,
     760             :                                adfInitRealImag + 1);
     761             :         }
     762             : 
     763        2552 :         GByte *pBandData = static_cast<GByte *>(pDstBuffer) + iBand * nBandSize;
     764             : 
     765        2552 :         if (psOptions->eWorkingDataType == GDT_Byte)
     766             :         {
     767        4272 :             memset(pBandData,
     768             :                    std::max(
     769        2136 :                        0, std::min(255, static_cast<int>(adfInitRealImag[0]))),
     770             :                    nBandSize);
     771             :         }
     772         829 :         else if (!std::isnan(adfInitRealImag[0]) && adfInitRealImag[0] == 0.0 &&
     773         829 :                  !std::isnan(adfInitRealImag[1]) && adfInitRealImag[1] == 0.0)
     774             :         {
     775         352 :             memset(pBandData, 0, nBandSize);
     776             :         }
     777          64 :         else if (!std::isnan(adfInitRealImag[1]) && adfInitRealImag[1] == 0.0)
     778             :         {
     779          64 :             GDALCopyWords64(&adfInitRealImag, GDT_Float64, 0, pBandData,
     780          64 :                             psOptions->eWorkingDataType, nWordSize,
     781          64 :                             static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nDstXSize) * nDstYSize);
     782             :         }
     783             :         else
     784             :         {
     785           0 :             GDALCopyWords64(&adfInitRealImag, GDT_CFloat64, 0, pBandData,
     786           0 :                             psOptions->eWorkingDataType, nWordSize,
     787           0 :                             static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nDstXSize) * nDstYSize);
     788             :         }
     789             :     }
     790             : 
     791        1957 :     CSLDestroy(papszInitValues);
     792             : }
     793             : 
     794             : /**
     795             :  * \fn void GDALWarpOperation::DestroyDestinationBuffer( void *pDstBuffer )
     796             :  *
     797             :  * This method destroys a buffer previously retrieved from
     798             :  * CreateDestinationBuffer
     799             :  *
     800             :  * @param pDstBuffer destination buffer to be destroyed
     801             :  *
     802             :  */
     803        2290 : void GDALWarpOperation::DestroyDestinationBuffer(void *pDstBuffer)
     804             : {
     805        2290 :     VSIFree(pDstBuffer);
     806        2290 : }
     807             : 
     808             : /************************************************************************/
     809             : /*                         GDALCreateWarpOperation()                    */
     810             : /************************************************************************/
     811             : 
     812             : /**
     813             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::Initialize()
     814             :  */
     815             : 
     816         149 : GDALWarpOperationH GDALCreateWarpOperation(const GDALWarpOptions *psNewOptions)
     817             : {
     818         149 :     GDALWarpOperation *poOperation = new GDALWarpOperation;
     819         149 :     if (poOperation->Initialize(psNewOptions) != CE_None)
     820             :     {
     821           0 :         delete poOperation;
     822           0 :         return nullptr;
     823             :     }
     824             : 
     825         149 :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperationH>(poOperation);
     826             : }
     827             : 
     828             : /************************************************************************/
     829             : /*                         GDALDestroyWarpOperation()                   */
     830             : /************************************************************************/
     831             : 
     832             : /**
     833             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::~GDALWarpOperation()
     834             :  */
     835             : 
     836         149 : void GDALDestroyWarpOperation(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation)
     837             : {
     838         149 :     if (hOperation)
     839         149 :         delete static_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation);
     840         149 : }
     841             : 
     842             : /************************************************************************/
     843             : /*                          CollectChunkList()                          */
     844             : /************************************************************************/
     845             : 
     846        1041 : void GDALWarpOperation::CollectChunkList(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
     847             :                                          int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
     848             : 
     849             : {
     850             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     851             :     /*      Collect the list of chunks to operate on.                       */
     852             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     853        1041 :     WipeChunkList();
     854        1041 :     CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
     855             : 
     856             :     // Sort chunks from top to bottom, and for equal y, from left to right.
     857        1041 :     if (nChunkListCount > 1)
     858             :     {
     859          50 :         std::sort(pasChunkList, pasChunkList + nChunkListCount,
     860        5822 :                   [](const GDALWarpChunk &a, const GDALWarpChunk &b)
     861             :                   {
     862        5822 :                       if (a.dy < b.dy)
     863        2610 :                           return true;
     864        3212 :                       if (a.dy > b.dy)
     865        1161 :                           return false;
     866        2051 :                       return a.dx < b.dx;
     867             :                   });
     868             :     }
     869             : 
     870             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     871             :     /*      Find the global source window.                                  */
     872             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     873             : 
     874        1041 :     const int knIntMax = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
     875        1041 :     const int knIntMin = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
     876        1041 :     int nSrcXOff = knIntMax;
     877        1041 :     int nSrcYOff = knIntMax;
     878        1041 :     int nSrcX2Off = knIntMin;
     879        1041 :     int nSrcY2Off = knIntMin;
     880        1041 :     double dfApproxAccArea = 0;
     881        2999 :     for (int iChunk = 0; pasChunkList != nullptr && iChunk < nChunkListCount;
     882             :          iChunk++)
     883             :     {
     884        1958 :         GDALWarpChunk *pasThisChunk = pasChunkList + iChunk;
     885        1958 :         nSrcXOff = std::min(nSrcXOff, pasThisChunk->sx);
     886        1958 :         nSrcYOff = std::min(nSrcYOff, pasThisChunk->sy);
     887        1958 :         nSrcX2Off = std::max(nSrcX2Off, pasThisChunk->sx + pasThisChunk->ssx);
     888        1958 :         nSrcY2Off = std::max(nSrcY2Off, pasThisChunk->sy + pasThisChunk->ssy);
     889        1958 :         dfApproxAccArea +=
     890        1958 :             static_cast<double>(pasThisChunk->ssx) * pasThisChunk->ssy;
     891             :     }
     892        1041 :     if (nSrcXOff < nSrcX2Off)
     893             :     {
     894        1035 :         const double dfTotalArea =
     895        1035 :             static_cast<double>(nSrcX2Off - nSrcXOff) * (nSrcY2Off - nSrcYOff);
     896             :         // This is really a gross heuristics, but should work in most cases
     897        1035 :         if (dfApproxAccArea >= dfTotalArea * 0.80)
     898             :         {
     899        1035 :             GDALDataset::FromHandle(psOptions->hSrcDS)
     900        1035 :                 ->AdviseRead(nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcX2Off - nSrcXOff,
     901             :                              nSrcY2Off - nSrcYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
     902        1035 :                              psOptions->eWorkingDataType, psOptions->nBandCount,
     903        1035 :                              psOptions->panSrcBands, nullptr);
     904             :         }
     905             :     }
     906        1041 : }
     907             : 
     908             : /************************************************************************/
     909             : /*                         ChunkAndWarpImage()                          */
     910             : /************************************************************************/
     911             : 
     912             : /**
     913             :  * \fn CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage(
     914             :                 int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,  int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize );
     915             :  *
     916             :  * This method does a complete warp of the source image to the destination
     917             :  * image for the indicated region with the current warp options in effect.
     918             :  * Progress is reported to the installed progress monitor, if any.
     919             :  *
     920             :  * This function will subdivide the region and recursively call itself
     921             :  * until the total memory required to process a region chunk will all fit
     922             :  * in the memory pool defined by GDALWarpOptions::dfWarpMemoryLimit.
     923             :  *
     924             :  * Once an appropriate region is selected GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion()
     925             :  * is invoked to do the actual work.
     926             :  *
     927             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
     928             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
     929             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
     930             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
     931             :  *
     932             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
     933             :  */
     934             : 
     935        1036 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
     936             :                                             int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
     937             : 
     938             : {
     939             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     940             :     /*      Collect the list of chunks to operate on.                       */
     941             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     942        1036 :     CollectChunkList(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
     943             : 
     944             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     945             :     /*      Total up output pixels to process.                              */
     946             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     947        1036 :     double dfTotalPixels = 0.0;
     948             : 
     949        2984 :     for (int iChunk = 0; pasChunkList != nullptr && iChunk < nChunkListCount;
     950             :          iChunk++)
     951             :     {
     952        1948 :         GDALWarpChunk *pasThisChunk = pasChunkList + iChunk;
     953        1948 :         const double dfChunkPixels =
     954        1948 :             pasThisChunk->dsx * static_cast<double>(pasThisChunk->dsy);
     955             : 
     956        1948 :         dfTotalPixels += dfChunkPixels;
     957             :     }
     958             : 
     959             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     960             :     /*      Process them one at a time, updating the progress               */
     961             :     /*      information for each region.                                    */
     962             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     963        1036 :     double dfPixelsProcessed = 0.0;
     964             : 
     965        2979 :     for (int iChunk = 0; pasChunkList != nullptr && iChunk < nChunkListCount;
     966             :          iChunk++)
     967             :     {
     968        1948 :         GDALWarpChunk *pasThisChunk = pasChunkList + iChunk;
     969        1948 :         const double dfChunkPixels =
     970        1948 :             pasThisChunk->dsx * static_cast<double>(pasThisChunk->dsy);
     971             : 
     972        1948 :         const double dfProgressBase = dfPixelsProcessed / dfTotalPixels;
     973        1948 :         const double dfProgressScale = dfChunkPixels / dfTotalPixels;
     974             : 
     975        1948 :         CPLErr eErr = WarpRegion(
     976             :             pasThisChunk->dx, pasThisChunk->dy, pasThisChunk->dsx,
     977             :             pasThisChunk->dsy, pasThisChunk->sx, pasThisChunk->sy,
     978             :             pasThisChunk->ssx, pasThisChunk->ssy, pasThisChunk->sExtraSx,
     979             :             pasThisChunk->sExtraSy, dfProgressBase, dfProgressScale);
     980             : 
     981        1948 :         if (eErr != CE_None)
     982           5 :             return eErr;
     983             : 
     984        1943 :         dfPixelsProcessed += dfChunkPixels;
     985             :     }
     986             : 
     987        1031 :     WipeChunkList();
     988             : 
     989        1031 :     psOptions->pfnProgress(1.0, "", psOptions->pProgressArg);
     990             : 
     991        1031 :     return CE_None;
     992             : }
     993             : 
     994             : /************************************************************************/
     995             : /*                         GDALChunkAndWarpImage()                      */
     996             : /************************************************************************/
     997             : 
     998             : /**
     999             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage()
    1000             :  */
    1001             : 
    1002         149 : CPLErr GDALChunkAndWarpImage(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation, int nDstXOff,
    1003             :                              int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1004             : {
    1005         149 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(hOperation, "GDALChunkAndWarpImage", CE_Failure);
    1006             : 
    1007             :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation)
    1008         149 :         ->ChunkAndWarpImage(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1009             : }
    1010             : 
    1011             : /************************************************************************/
    1012             : /*                          ChunkThreadMain()                           */
    1013             : /************************************************************************/
    1014             : 
    1015             : typedef struct
    1016             : {
    1017             :     GDALWarpOperation *poOperation;
    1018             :     GDALWarpChunk *pasChunkInfo;
    1019             :     CPLJoinableThread *hThreadHandle;
    1020             :     CPLErr eErr;
    1021             :     double dfProgressBase;
    1022             :     double dfProgressScale;
    1023             :     CPLMutex *hIOMutex;
    1024             : 
    1025             :     CPLMutex *hCondMutex;
    1026             :     volatile int bIOMutexTaken;
    1027             :     CPLCond *hCond;
    1028             : } ChunkThreadData;
    1029             : 
    1030          10 : static void ChunkThreadMain(void *pThreadData)
    1031             : 
    1032             : {
    1033          10 :     volatile ChunkThreadData *psData =
    1034             :         static_cast<volatile ChunkThreadData *>(pThreadData);
    1035             : 
    1036          10 :     GDALWarpChunk *pasChunkInfo = psData->pasChunkInfo;
    1037             : 
    1038             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1039             :     /*      Acquire IO mutex.                                               */
    1040             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1041          10 :     if (!CPLAcquireMutex(psData->hIOMutex, 600.0))
    1042             :     {
    1043           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1044             :                  "Failed to acquire IOMutex in WarpRegion().");
    1045           0 :         psData->eErr = CE_Failure;
    1046             :     }
    1047             :     else
    1048             :     {
    1049          10 :         if (psData->hCond != nullptr)
    1050             :         {
    1051           5 :             CPLAcquireMutex(psData->hCondMutex, 1.0);
    1052           5 :             psData->bIOMutexTaken = TRUE;
    1053           5 :             CPLCondSignal(psData->hCond);
    1054           5 :             CPLReleaseMutex(psData->hCondMutex);
    1055             :         }
    1056             : 
    1057          20 :         psData->eErr = psData->poOperation->WarpRegion(
    1058             :             pasChunkInfo->dx, pasChunkInfo->dy, pasChunkInfo->dsx,
    1059             :             pasChunkInfo->dsy, pasChunkInfo->sx, pasChunkInfo->sy,
    1060             :             pasChunkInfo->ssx, pasChunkInfo->ssy, pasChunkInfo->sExtraSx,
    1061          10 :             pasChunkInfo->sExtraSy, psData->dfProgressBase,
    1062          10 :             psData->dfProgressScale);
    1063             : 
    1064             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1065             :          */
    1066             :         /*      Release the IO mutex. */
    1067             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1068             :          */
    1069          10 :         CPLReleaseMutex(psData->hIOMutex);
    1070             :     }
    1071          10 : }
    1072             : 
    1073             : /************************************************************************/
    1074             : /*                         ChunkAndWarpMulti()                          */
    1075             : /************************************************************************/
    1076             : 
    1077             : /**
    1078             :  * \fn CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpMulti(
    1079             :                 int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,  int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize );
    1080             :  *
    1081             :  * This method does a complete warp of the source image to the destination
    1082             :  * image for the indicated region with the current warp options in effect.
    1083             :  * Progress is reported to the installed progress monitor, if any.
    1084             :  *
    1085             :  * Externally this method operates the same as ChunkAndWarpImage(), but
    1086             :  * internally this method uses multiple threads to interleave input/output
    1087             :  * for one region while the processing is being done for another.
    1088             :  *
    1089             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1090             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1091             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1092             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1093             :  *
    1094             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1095             :  */
    1096             : 
    1097           5 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpMulti(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
    1098             :                                             int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1099             : 
    1100             : {
    1101           5 :     hIOMutex = CPLCreateMutex();
    1102           5 :     hWarpMutex = CPLCreateMutex();
    1103             : 
    1104           5 :     CPLReleaseMutex(hIOMutex);
    1105           5 :     CPLReleaseMutex(hWarpMutex);
    1106             : 
    1107           5 :     CPLCond *hCond = CPLCreateCond();
    1108           5 :     CPLMutex *hCondMutex = CPLCreateMutex();
    1109           5 :     CPLReleaseMutex(hCondMutex);
    1110             : 
    1111             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1112             :     /*      Collect the list of chunks to operate on.                       */
    1113             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1114           5 :     CollectChunkList(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1115             : 
    1116             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1117             :     /*      Process them one at a time, updating the progress               */
    1118             :     /*      information for each region.                                    */
    1119             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1120           5 :     ChunkThreadData volatile asThreadData[2] = {};
    1121           5 :     memset(reinterpret_cast<void *>(
    1122             :                const_cast<ChunkThreadData(*)[2]>(&asThreadData)),
    1123             :            0, sizeof(asThreadData));
    1124           5 :     asThreadData[0].poOperation = this;
    1125           5 :     asThreadData[0].hIOMutex = hIOMutex;
    1126           5 :     asThreadData[1].poOperation = this;
    1127           5 :     asThreadData[1].hIOMutex = hIOMutex;
    1128             : 
    1129           5 :     double dfPixelsProcessed = 0.0;
    1130           5 :     double dfTotalPixels = static_cast<double>(nDstXSize) * nDstYSize;
    1131             : 
    1132           5 :     CPLErr eErr = CE_None;
    1133          20 :     for (int iChunk = 0; iChunk < nChunkListCount + 1; iChunk++)
    1134             :     {
    1135          15 :         int iThread = iChunk % 2;
    1136             : 
    1137             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1138             :          */
    1139             :         /*      Launch thread for this chunk. */
    1140             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1141             :          */
    1142          15 :         if (pasChunkList != nullptr && iChunk < nChunkListCount)
    1143             :         {
    1144          10 :             GDALWarpChunk *pasThisChunk = pasChunkList + iChunk;
    1145          10 :             const double dfChunkPixels =
    1146          10 :                 pasThisChunk->dsx * static_cast<double>(pasThisChunk->dsy);
    1147             : 
    1148          10 :             asThreadData[iThread].dfProgressBase =
    1149          10 :                 dfPixelsProcessed / dfTotalPixels;
    1150          10 :             asThreadData[iThread].dfProgressScale =
    1151          10 :                 dfChunkPixels / dfTotalPixels;
    1152             : 
    1153          10 :             dfPixelsProcessed += dfChunkPixels;
    1154             : 
    1155          10 :             asThreadData[iThread].pasChunkInfo = pasThisChunk;
    1156             : 
    1157          10 :             if (iChunk == 0)
    1158             :             {
    1159           5 :                 asThreadData[iThread].hCond = hCond;
    1160           5 :                 asThreadData[iThread].hCondMutex = hCondMutex;
    1161             :             }
    1162             :             else
    1163             :             {
    1164           5 :                 asThreadData[iThread].hCond = nullptr;
    1165           5 :                 asThreadData[iThread].hCondMutex = nullptr;
    1166             :             }
    1167          10 :             asThreadData[iThread].bIOMutexTaken = FALSE;
    1168             : 
    1169          10 :             CPLDebug("GDAL", "Start chunk %d / %d.", iChunk, nChunkListCount);
    1170          20 :             asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle = CPLCreateJoinableThread(
    1171             :                 ChunkThreadMain,
    1172          10 :                 const_cast<ChunkThreadData *>(&asThreadData[iThread]));
    1173          10 :             if (asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle == nullptr)
    1174             :             {
    1175           0 :                 CPLError(
    1176             :                     CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1177             :                     "CPLCreateJoinableThread() failed in ChunkAndWarpMulti()");
    1178           0 :                 eErr = CE_Failure;
    1179           0 :                 break;
    1180             :             }
    1181             : 
    1182             :             // Wait that the first thread has acquired the IO mutex before
    1183             :             // proceeding.  This will ensure that the first thread will run
    1184             :             // before the second one.
    1185          10 :             if (iChunk == 0)
    1186             :             {
    1187           5 :                 CPLAcquireMutex(hCondMutex, 1.0);
    1188          10 :                 while (asThreadData[iThread].bIOMutexTaken == FALSE)
    1189           5 :                     CPLCondWait(hCond, hCondMutex);
    1190           5 :                 CPLReleaseMutex(hCondMutex);
    1191             :             }
    1192             :         }
    1193             : 
    1194             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1195             :          */
    1196             :         /*      Wait for previous chunks thread to complete. */
    1197             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1198             :          */
    1199          15 :         if (iChunk > 0)
    1200             :         {
    1201          10 :             iThread = (iChunk - 1) % 2;
    1202             : 
    1203             :             // Wait for thread to finish.
    1204          10 :             CPLJoinThread(asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle);
    1205          10 :             asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle = nullptr;
    1206             : 
    1207          10 :             CPLDebug("GDAL", "Finished chunk %d / %d.", iChunk - 1,
    1208             :                      nChunkListCount);
    1209             : 
    1210          10 :             eErr = asThreadData[iThread].eErr;
    1211             : 
    1212          10 :             if (eErr != CE_None)
    1213           0 :                 break;
    1214             :         }
    1215             :     }
    1216             : 
    1217             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1218             :     /*      Wait for all threads to complete.                               */
    1219             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1220          15 :     for (int iThread = 0; iThread < 2; iThread++)
    1221             :     {
    1222          10 :         if (asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle)
    1223           0 :             CPLJoinThread(asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle);
    1224             :     }
    1225             : 
    1226           5 :     CPLDestroyCond(hCond);
    1227           5 :     CPLDestroyMutex(hCondMutex);
    1228             : 
    1229           5 :     WipeChunkList();
    1230             : 
    1231           5 :     psOptions->pfnProgress(1.0, "", psOptions->pProgressArg);
    1232             : 
    1233           5 :     return eErr;
    1234             : }
    1235             : 
    1236             : /************************************************************************/
    1237             : /*                         GDALChunkAndWarpMulti()                      */
    1238             : /************************************************************************/
    1239             : 
    1240             : /**
    1241             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpMulti()
    1242             :  */
    1243             : 
    1244           0 : CPLErr GDALChunkAndWarpMulti(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation, int nDstXOff,
    1245             :                              int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1246             : {
    1247           0 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(hOperation, "GDALChunkAndWarpMulti", CE_Failure);
    1248             : 
    1249             :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation)
    1250           0 :         ->ChunkAndWarpMulti(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1251             : }
    1252             : 
    1253             : /************************************************************************/
    1254             : /*                           WipeChunkList()                            */
    1255             : /************************************************************************/
    1256             : 
    1257        3461 : void GDALWarpOperation::WipeChunkList()
    1258             : 
    1259             : {
    1260        3461 :     CPLFree(pasChunkList);
    1261        3461 :     pasChunkList = nullptr;
    1262        3461 :     nChunkListCount = 0;
    1263        3461 :     nChunkListMax = 0;
    1264        3461 : }
    1265             : 
    1266             : /************************************************************************/
    1267             : /*                       GetWorkingMemoryForWindow()                    */
    1268             : /************************************************************************/
    1269             : 
    1270             : /** Returns the amount of working memory, in bytes, required to process
    1271             :  * a warped window of source dimensions nSrcXSize x nSrcYSize and target
    1272             :  * dimensions nDstXSize x nDstYSize.
    1273             :  */
    1274        3450 : double GDALWarpOperation::GetWorkingMemoryForWindow(int nSrcXSize,
    1275             :                                                     int nSrcYSize,
    1276             :                                                     int nDstXSize,
    1277             :                                                     int nDstYSize) const
    1278             : {
    1279             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1280             :     /*      Based on the types of masks in use, how many bits will each     */
    1281             :     /*      source pixel cost us?                                           */
    1282             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1283        3450 :     int nSrcPixelCostInBits = GDALGetDataTypeSize(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) *
    1284        3450 :                               psOptions->nBandCount;
    1285             : 
    1286        3450 :     if (psOptions->pfnSrcDensityMaskFunc != nullptr)
    1287           0 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += 32;  // Float mask?
    1288             : 
    1289        3450 :     GDALRasterBandH hSrcBand = nullptr;
    1290        3450 :     if (psOptions->nBandCount > 0)
    1291             :         hSrcBand =
    1292        3450 :             GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hSrcDS, psOptions->panSrcBands[0]);
    1293             : 
    1294        3450 :     if (psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0 || psOptions->hCutline != nullptr)
    1295         120 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += 32;  // UnifiedSrcDensity float mask.
    1296        6660 :     else if (hSrcBand != nullptr &&
    1297        3330 :              (GDALGetMaskFlags(hSrcBand) & GMF_PER_DATASET))
    1298           5 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += 1;  // UnifiedSrcValid bit mask.
    1299             : 
    1300        3450 :     if (psOptions->papfnSrcPerBandValidityMaskFunc != nullptr ||
    1301        3450 :         psOptions->padfSrcNoDataReal != nullptr)
    1302         159 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += psOptions->nBandCount;  // Bit/band mask.
    1303             : 
    1304        3450 :     if (psOptions->pfnSrcValidityMaskFunc != nullptr)
    1305           0 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += 1;  // Bit mask.
    1306             : 
    1307             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1308             :     /*      What about the cost for the destination.                        */
    1309             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1310        3450 :     int nDstPixelCostInBits = GDALGetDataTypeSize(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) *
    1311        3450 :                               psOptions->nBandCount;
    1312             : 
    1313        3450 :     if (psOptions->pfnDstDensityMaskFunc != nullptr)
    1314           0 :         nDstPixelCostInBits += 32;
    1315             : 
    1316        3450 :     if (psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal != nullptr ||
    1317        2236 :         psOptions->pfnDstValidityMaskFunc != nullptr)
    1318        1214 :         nDstPixelCostInBits += psOptions->nBandCount;
    1319             : 
    1320        3450 :     if (psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0)
    1321         264 :         nDstPixelCostInBits += 32;  // DstDensity float mask.
    1322             : 
    1323        3450 :     const double dfTotalMemoryUse =
    1324        3450 :         (static_cast<double>(nSrcPixelCostInBits) * nSrcXSize * nSrcYSize +
    1325        3450 :          static_cast<double>(nDstPixelCostInBits) * nDstXSize * nDstYSize) /
    1326             :         8.0;
    1327        3450 :     return dfTotalMemoryUse;
    1328             : }
    1329             : 
    1330             : /************************************************************************/
    1331             : /*                       CollectChunkListInternal()                     */
    1332             : /************************************************************************/
    1333             : 
    1334        3691 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::CollectChunkListInternal(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
    1335             :                                                    int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1336             : 
    1337             : {
    1338             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1339             :     /*      Compute the bounds of the input area corresponding to the       */
    1340             :     /*      output area.                                                    */
    1341             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1342        3691 :     int nSrcXOff = 0;
    1343        3691 :     int nSrcYOff = 0;
    1344        3691 :     int nSrcXSize = 0;
    1345        3691 :     int nSrcYSize = 0;
    1346        3691 :     double dfSrcXExtraSize = 0.0;
    1347        3691 :     double dfSrcYExtraSize = 0.0;
    1348        3691 :     double dfSrcFillRatio = 0.0;
    1349             :     CPLErr eErr =
    1350        3691 :         ComputeSourceWindow(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, &nSrcXOff,
    1351             :                             &nSrcYOff, &nSrcXSize, &nSrcYSize, &dfSrcXExtraSize,
    1352             :                             &dfSrcYExtraSize, &dfSrcFillRatio);
    1353             : 
    1354        3691 :     if (eErr != CE_None)
    1355             :     {
    1356           2 :         CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1357             :                  "Unable to compute source region for "
    1358             :                  "output window %d,%d,%d,%d, skipping.",
    1359             :                  nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1360           2 :         return eErr;
    1361             :     }
    1362             : 
    1363             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1364             :     /*      If we are allowed to drop no-source regions, do so now if       */
    1365             :     /*      appropriate.                                                    */
    1366             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1367        4567 :     if ((nSrcXSize == 0 || nSrcYSize == 0) &&
    1368         878 :         CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SKIP_NOSOURCE", false))
    1369         406 :         return CE_None;
    1370             : 
    1371             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1372             :     /*      Does the cost of the current rectangle exceed our memory        */
    1373             :     /*      limit? If so, split the destination along the longest           */
    1374             :     /*      dimension and recurse.                                          */
    1375             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1376             :     const double dfTotalMemoryUse =
    1377        3283 :         GetWorkingMemoryForWindow(nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1378             : 
    1379             :     // If size of working buffers need exceed the allow limit, then divide
    1380             :     // the target area
    1381             :     // Do it also if the "fill ratio" of the source is too low (#3120), but
    1382             :     // only if there's at least some source pixel intersecting. The
    1383             :     // SRC_FILL_RATIO_HEURISTICS warping option is undocumented and only here
    1384             :     // in case the heuristics would cause issues.
    1385             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    1386             :     CPLDebug("WARP",
    1387             :              "dst=(%d,%d,%d,%d) src=(%d,%d,%d,%d) srcfillratio=%.17g, "
    1388             :              "dfTotalMemoryUse=%.1f MB",
    1389             :              nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff,
    1390             :              nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, dfSrcFillRatio,
    1391             :              dfTotalMemoryUse / (1024 * 1024));
    1392             : #endif
    1393         745 :     if ((dfTotalMemoryUse > psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit &&
    1394        6566 :          (nDstXSize > 2 || nDstYSize > 2)) ||
    1395        2538 :         (dfSrcFillRatio > 0 && dfSrcFillRatio < 0.5 &&
    1396         273 :          (nDstXSize > 100 || nDstYSize > 100) &&
    1397         582 :          CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SRC_FILL_RATIO_HEURISTICS",
    1398             :                       true)))
    1399             :     {
    1400        1326 :         int nBlockXSize = 1;
    1401        1326 :         int nBlockYSize = 1;
    1402        1326 :         if (psOptions->hDstDS)
    1403             :         {
    1404        1326 :             GDALGetBlockSize(GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hDstDS, 1),
    1405             :                              &nBlockXSize, &nBlockYSize);
    1406             :         }
    1407             : 
    1408        1326 :         int bStreamableOutput = CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
    1409        1326 :                                              "STREAMABLE_OUTPUT", false);
    1410             :         const char *pszOptimizeSize =
    1411        1326 :             CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "OPTIMIZE_SIZE");
    1412        1326 :         const bool bOptimizeSizeAuto =
    1413        1326 :             !pszOptimizeSize || EQUAL(pszOptimizeSize, "AUTO");
    1414             :         const bool bOptimizeSize =
    1415        3879 :             !bStreamableOutput &&
    1416          97 :             ((pszOptimizeSize && !bOptimizeSizeAuto &&
    1417        1325 :               CPLTestBool(pszOptimizeSize)) ||
    1418             :              // Auto-enable optimize-size mode if output region is at least
    1419             :              // 2x2 blocks large and the shapes of the source and target regions
    1420             :              // are not excessively different. All those thresholds are a bit
    1421             :              // arbitrary
    1422         483 :              (bOptimizeSizeAuto &&
    1423        1228 :               (nDstXSize > nDstYSize ? fabs(double(nDstXSize) / nDstYSize -
    1424         483 :                                             double(nSrcXSize) / nSrcYSize) <
    1425         483 :                                            5 * double(nDstXSize) / nDstYSize
    1426         745 :                                      : fabs(double(nDstYSize) / nDstXSize -
    1427         745 :                                             double(nSrcYSize) / nSrcXSize) <
    1428         745 :                                            5 * double(nDstYSize) / nDstXSize) &&
    1429        1069 :               nDstXSize / 2 >= nBlockXSize && nDstYSize / 2 >= nBlockYSize));
    1430             : 
    1431             :         // If the region width is greater than the region height,
    1432             :         // cut in half in the width. When we want to optimize the size
    1433             :         // of a compressed output dataset, do this only if each half part
    1434             :         // is at least as wide as the block width.
    1435        1326 :         bool bHasDivided = false;
    1436        1326 :         CPLErr eErr2 = CE_None;
    1437        1326 :         if (nDstXSize > nDstYSize &&
    1438         551 :             ((!bOptimizeSize && !bStreamableOutput) ||
    1439          88 :              (bOptimizeSize &&
    1440          89 :               (nDstXSize / 2 >= nBlockXSize || nDstYSize == 1)) ||
    1441           1 :              (bStreamableOutput && nDstXSize / 2 >= nBlockXSize &&
    1442           1 :               nDstYSize == nBlockYSize)))
    1443             :         {
    1444         504 :             bHasDivided = true;
    1445         504 :             int nChunk1 = nDstXSize / 2;
    1446             : 
    1447             :             // In the optimize size case, try to stick on target block
    1448             :             // boundaries.
    1449         504 :             if ((bOptimizeSize || bStreamableOutput) && nChunk1 > nBlockXSize)
    1450          42 :                 nChunk1 = (nChunk1 / nBlockXSize) * nBlockXSize;
    1451             : 
    1452         504 :             int nChunk2 = nDstXSize - nChunk1;
    1453             : 
    1454         504 :             eErr = CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nChunk1,
    1455             :                                             nDstYSize);
    1456             : 
    1457         504 :             eErr2 = CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff + nChunk1, nDstYOff,
    1458         504 :                                              nChunk2, nDstYSize);
    1459             :         }
    1460         822 :         else if (!(bStreamableOutput && nDstYSize / 2 < nBlockYSize))
    1461             :         {
    1462         821 :             bHasDivided = true;
    1463         821 :             int nChunk1 = nDstYSize / 2;
    1464             : 
    1465             :             // In the optimize size case, try to stick on target block
    1466             :             // boundaries.
    1467         821 :             if ((bOptimizeSize || bStreamableOutput) && nChunk1 > nBlockYSize)
    1468          77 :                 nChunk1 = (nChunk1 / nBlockYSize) * nBlockYSize;
    1469             : 
    1470         821 :             const int nChunk2 = nDstYSize - nChunk1;
    1471             : 
    1472         821 :             eErr = CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1473             :                                             nChunk1);
    1474             : 
    1475         821 :             eErr2 = CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff, nDstYOff + nChunk1,
    1476             :                                              nDstXSize, nChunk2);
    1477             :         }
    1478             : 
    1479        1326 :         if (bHasDivided)
    1480             :         {
    1481        1325 :             if (eErr == CE_None)
    1482        1325 :                 return eErr2;
    1483             :             else
    1484           0 :                 return eErr;
    1485             :         }
    1486             :     }
    1487             : 
    1488             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1489             :     /*      OK, everything fits, so add to the chunk list.                  */
    1490             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1491        1958 :     if (nChunkListCount == nChunkListMax)
    1492             :     {
    1493        1182 :         nChunkListMax = nChunkListMax * 2 + 1;
    1494        1182 :         pasChunkList = static_cast<GDALWarpChunk *>(
    1495        1182 :             CPLRealloc(pasChunkList, sizeof(GDALWarpChunk) * nChunkListMax));
    1496             :     }
    1497             : 
    1498        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].dx = nDstXOff;
    1499        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].dy = nDstYOff;
    1500        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].dsx = nDstXSize;
    1501        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].dsy = nDstYSize;
    1502        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].sx = nSrcXOff;
    1503        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].sy = nSrcYOff;
    1504        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].ssx = nSrcXSize;
    1505        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].ssy = nSrcYSize;
    1506        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].sExtraSx = dfSrcXExtraSize;
    1507        1958 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].sExtraSy = dfSrcYExtraSize;
    1508             : 
    1509        1958 :     nChunkListCount++;
    1510             : 
    1511        1958 :     return CE_None;
    1512             : }
    1513             : 
    1514             : /************************************************************************/
    1515             : /*                             WarpRegion()                             */
    1516             : /************************************************************************/
    1517             : 
    1518             : /**
    1519             :  * This method requests the indicated region of the output file be generated.
    1520             :  *
    1521             :  * Note that WarpRegion() will produce the requested area in one low level warp
    1522             :  * operation without verifying that this does not exceed the stated memory
    1523             :  * limits for the warp operation.  Applications should take care not to call
    1524             :  * WarpRegion() on too large a region!  This function
    1525             :  * is normally called by ChunkAndWarpImage(), the normal entry point for
    1526             :  * applications.  Use it instead if staying within memory constraints is
    1527             :  * desired.
    1528             :  *
    1529             :  * Progress is reported from dfProgressBase to dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale
    1530             :  * for the indicated region.
    1531             :  *
    1532             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1533             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1534             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1535             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1536             :  * @param nSrcXOff source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
    1537             :  * @param nSrcYOff source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
    1538             :  * @param nSrcXSize source window X size (computed if window all zero)
    1539             :  * @param nSrcYSize source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
    1540             :  * @param dfProgressBase minimum progress value reported
    1541             :  * @param dfProgressScale value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the
    1542             :  *                        maximum progress value reported
    1543             :  *
    1544             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1545             :  */
    1546             : 
    1547           0 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize,
    1548             :                                      int nDstYSize, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff,
    1549             :                                      int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize,
    1550             :                                      double dfProgressBase,
    1551             :                                      double dfProgressScale)
    1552             : {
    1553           0 :     return WarpRegion(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, nSrcXOff,
    1554             :                       nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, 0, 0, dfProgressBase,
    1555           0 :                       dfProgressScale);
    1556             : }
    1557             : 
    1558             : /**
    1559             :  * This method requests the indicated region of the output file be generated.
    1560             :  *
    1561             :  * Note that WarpRegion() will produce the requested area in one low level warp
    1562             :  * operation without verifying that this does not exceed the stated memory
    1563             :  * limits for the warp operation.  Applications should take care not to call
    1564             :  * WarpRegion() on too large a region!  This function
    1565             :  * is normally called by ChunkAndWarpImage(), the normal entry point for
    1566             :  * applications.  Use it instead if staying within memory constraints is
    1567             :  * desired.
    1568             :  *
    1569             :  * Progress is reported from dfProgressBase to dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale
    1570             :  * for the indicated region.
    1571             :  *
    1572             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1573             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1574             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1575             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1576             :  * @param nSrcXOff source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
    1577             :  * @param nSrcYOff source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
    1578             :  * @param nSrcXSize source window X size (computed if window all zero)
    1579             :  * @param nSrcYSize source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
    1580             :  * @param dfSrcXExtraSize Extra pixels (included in nSrcXSize) reserved
    1581             :  * for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
    1582             :  * @param dfSrcYExtraSize Extra pixels (included in nSrcYSize) reserved
    1583             :  * for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
    1584             :  * @param dfProgressBase minimum progress value reported
    1585             :  * @param dfProgressScale value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the
    1586             :  *                        maximum progress value reported
    1587             :  *
    1588             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1589             :  */
    1590             : 
    1591        1958 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion(
    1592             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int nSrcXOff,
    1593             :     int nSrcYOff, int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize, double dfSrcXExtraSize,
    1594             :     double dfSrcYExtraSize, double dfProgressBase, double dfProgressScale)
    1595             : 
    1596             : {
    1597        1958 :     ReportTiming(nullptr);
    1598             : 
    1599             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1600             :     /*      Allocate the output buffer.                                     */
    1601             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1602        1958 :     int bDstBufferInitialized = FALSE;
    1603             :     void *pDstBuffer =
    1604        1958 :         CreateDestinationBuffer(nDstXSize, nDstYSize, &bDstBufferInitialized);
    1605        1958 :     if (pDstBuffer == nullptr)
    1606             :     {
    1607           0 :         return CE_Failure;
    1608             :     }
    1609             : 
    1610             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1611             :     /*      If we aren't doing fixed initialization of the output buffer    */
    1612             :     /*      then read it from disk so we can overlay on existing imagery.   */
    1613             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1614        1958 :     GDALDataset *poDstDS = GDALDataset::FromHandle(psOptions->hDstDS);
    1615        1958 :     if (!bDstBufferInitialized)
    1616             :     {
    1617         400 :         CPLErr eErr = CE_None;
    1618         400 :         if (psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    1619             :         {
    1620             :             // Particular case to simplify the stack a bit.
    1621             :             // TODO(rouault): Need an explanation of what and why r34502 helps.
    1622         370 :             eErr = poDstDS->GetRasterBand(psOptions->panDstBands[0])
    1623         740 :                        ->RasterIO(GF_Read, nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1624             :                                   nDstYSize, pDstBuffer, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1625         370 :                                   psOptions->eWorkingDataType, 0, 0, nullptr);
    1626             :         }
    1627             :         else
    1628             :         {
    1629          30 :             eErr = poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Read, nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1630             :                                      nDstYSize, pDstBuffer, nDstXSize,
    1631          30 :                                      nDstYSize, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    1632          30 :                                      psOptions->nBandCount,
    1633          30 :                                      psOptions->panDstBands, 0, 0, 0, nullptr);
    1634             :         }
    1635             : 
    1636         400 :         if (eErr != CE_None)
    1637             :         {
    1638           0 :             DestroyDestinationBuffer(pDstBuffer);
    1639           0 :             return eErr;
    1640             :         }
    1641             : 
    1642         400 :         ReportTiming("Output buffer read");
    1643             :     }
    1644             : 
    1645             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1646             :     /*      Perform the warp.                                               */
    1647             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1648        3916 :     CPLErr eErr = WarpRegionToBuffer(
    1649             :         nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, pDstBuffer,
    1650        1958 :         psOptions->eWorkingDataType, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize,
    1651             :         dfSrcXExtraSize, dfSrcYExtraSize, dfProgressBase, dfProgressScale);
    1652             : 
    1653             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1654             :     /*      Write the output data back to disk if all went well.            */
    1655             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1656        1958 :     if (eErr == CE_None)
    1657             :     {
    1658        1953 :         if (psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    1659             :         {
    1660             :             // Particular case to simplify the stack a bit.
    1661        1821 :             eErr = poDstDS->GetRasterBand(psOptions->panDstBands[0])
    1662        3642 :                        ->RasterIO(GF_Write, nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1663             :                                   nDstYSize, pDstBuffer, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1664        1821 :                                   psOptions->eWorkingDataType, 0, 0, nullptr);
    1665             :         }
    1666             :         else
    1667             :         {
    1668         132 :             eErr = poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1669             :                                      nDstYSize, pDstBuffer, nDstXSize,
    1670         132 :                                      nDstYSize, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    1671         132 :                                      psOptions->nBandCount,
    1672         132 :                                      psOptions->panDstBands, 0, 0, 0, nullptr);
    1673             :         }
    1674             : 
    1675        3906 :         if (eErr == CE_None &&
    1676        1953 :             CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "WRITE_FLUSH", false))
    1677             :         {
    1678           0 :             const CPLErr eOldErr = CPLGetLastErrorType();
    1679           0 :             const CPLString osLastErrMsg = CPLGetLastErrorMsg();
    1680           0 :             GDALFlushCache(psOptions->hDstDS);
    1681           0 :             const CPLErr eNewErr = CPLGetLastErrorType();
    1682           0 :             if (eNewErr != eOldErr ||
    1683           0 :                 osLastErrMsg.compare(CPLGetLastErrorMsg()) != 0)
    1684           0 :                 eErr = CE_Failure;
    1685             :         }
    1686        1953 :         ReportTiming("Output buffer write");
    1687             :     }
    1688             : 
    1689             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1690             :     /*      Cleanup and return.                                             */
    1691             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1692        1958 :     DestroyDestinationBuffer(pDstBuffer);
    1693             : 
    1694        1958 :     return eErr;
    1695             : }
    1696             : 
    1697             : /************************************************************************/
    1698             : /*                             GDALWarpRegion()                         */
    1699             : /************************************************************************/
    1700             : 
    1701             : /**
    1702             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion()
    1703             :  */
    1704             : 
    1705           0 : CPLErr GDALWarpRegion(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation, int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
    1706             :                       int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff,
    1707             :                       int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize)
    1708             : 
    1709             : {
    1710           0 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(hOperation, "GDALWarpRegion", CE_Failure);
    1711             : 
    1712             :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation)
    1713           0 :         ->WarpRegion(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, nSrcXOff,
    1714           0 :                      nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize);
    1715             : }
    1716             : 
    1717             : /************************************************************************/
    1718             : /*                            WarpRegionToBuffer()                      */
    1719             : /************************************************************************/
    1720             : 
    1721             : /**
    1722             :  * This method requests that a particular window of the output dataset
    1723             :  * be warped and the result put into the provided data buffer.  The output
    1724             :  * dataset doesn't even really have to exist to use this method as long as
    1725             :  * the transformation function in the GDALWarpOptions is setup to map to
    1726             :  * a virtual pixel/line space.
    1727             :  *
    1728             :  * This method will do the whole region in one chunk, so be wary of the
    1729             :  * amount of memory that might be used.
    1730             :  *
    1731             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1732             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1733             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1734             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1735             :  * @param pDataBuf the data buffer to place result in, of type eBufDataType.
    1736             :  * @param eBufDataType the type of the output data buffer.  For now this
    1737             :  * must match GDALWarpOptions::eWorkingDataType.
    1738             :  * @param nSrcXOff source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
    1739             :  * @param nSrcYOff source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
    1740             :  * @param nSrcXSize source window X size (computed if window all zero)
    1741             :  * @param nSrcYSize source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
    1742             :  * @param dfProgressBase minimum progress value reported
    1743             :  * @param dfProgressScale value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the
    1744             :  *                        maximum progress value reported
    1745             :  *
    1746             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1747             :  */
    1748             : 
    1749         399 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer(
    1750             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, void *pDataBuf,
    1751             :     GDALDataType eBufDataType, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff, int nSrcXSize,
    1752             :     int nSrcYSize, double dfProgressBase, double dfProgressScale)
    1753             : {
    1754         399 :     return WarpRegionToBuffer(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1755             :                               pDataBuf, eBufDataType, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff,
    1756             :                               nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, 0, 0, dfProgressBase,
    1757         399 :                               dfProgressScale);
    1758             : }
    1759             : 
    1760             : /**
    1761             :  * This method requests that a particular window of the output dataset
    1762             :  * be warped and the result put into the provided data buffer.  The output
    1763             :  * dataset doesn't even really have to exist to use this method as long as
    1764             :  * the transformation function in the GDALWarpOptions is setup to map to
    1765             :  * a virtual pixel/line space.
    1766             :  *
    1767             :  * This method will do the whole region in one chunk, so be wary of the
    1768             :  * amount of memory that might be used.
    1769             :  *
    1770             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1771             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1772             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1773             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1774             :  * @param pDataBuf the data buffer to place result in, of type eBufDataType.
    1775             :  * @param eBufDataType the type of the output data buffer.  For now this
    1776             :  * must match GDALWarpOptions::eWorkingDataType.
    1777             :  * @param nSrcXOff source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
    1778             :  * @param nSrcYOff source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
    1779             :  * @param nSrcXSize source window X size (computed if window all zero)
    1780             :  * @param nSrcYSize source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
    1781             :  * @param dfSrcXExtraSize Extra pixels (included in nSrcXSize) reserved
    1782             :  * for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
    1783             :  * @param dfSrcYExtraSize Extra pixels (included in nSrcYSize) reserved
    1784             :  * for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
    1785             :  * @param dfProgressBase minimum progress value reported
    1786             :  * @param dfProgressScale value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the
    1787             :  *                        maximum progress value reported
    1788             :  *
    1789             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1790             :  */
    1791             : 
    1792        2357 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer(
    1793             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, void *pDataBuf,
    1794             :     // Only in a CPLAssert.
    1795             :     CPL_UNUSED GDALDataType eBufDataType, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff,
    1796             :     int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize, double dfSrcXExtraSize,
    1797             :     double dfSrcYExtraSize, double dfProgressBase, double dfProgressScale)
    1798             : 
    1799             : {
    1800        2357 :     const int nWordSize = GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
    1801             : 
    1802        2357 :     CPLAssert(eBufDataType == psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
    1803             : 
    1804             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1805             :     /*      If not given a corresponding source window compute one now.     */
    1806             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1807        2357 :     if (nSrcXSize == 0 && nSrcYSize == 0)
    1808             :     {
    1809             :         // TODO: This taking of the warp mutex is suboptimal. We could get rid
    1810             :         // of it, but that would require making sure ComputeSourceWindow()
    1811             :         // uses a different pTransformerArg than the warp kernel.
    1812         496 :         if (hWarpMutex != nullptr && !CPLAcquireMutex(hWarpMutex, 600.0))
    1813             :         {
    1814           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1815             :                      "Failed to acquire WarpMutex in WarpRegion().");
    1816           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    1817             :         }
    1818             :         const CPLErr eErr =
    1819         496 :             ComputeSourceWindow(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1820             :                                 &nSrcXOff, &nSrcYOff, &nSrcXSize, &nSrcYSize,
    1821             :                                 &dfSrcXExtraSize, &dfSrcYExtraSize, nullptr);
    1822         496 :         if (hWarpMutex != nullptr)
    1823           0 :             CPLReleaseMutex(hWarpMutex);
    1824         496 :         if (eErr != CE_None)
    1825             :         {
    1826             :             const bool bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow =
    1827          36 :                 CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
    1828             :                              "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW", true);
    1829          36 :             if (!bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow)
    1830          36 :                 return CE_None;
    1831           0 :             return eErr;
    1832             :         }
    1833             :     }
    1834             : 
    1835             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1836             :     /*      Prepare a WarpKernel object to match this operation.            */
    1837             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1838        4642 :     GDALWarpKernel oWK;
    1839             : 
    1840        2321 :     oWK.eResample = m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries ? GRA_NearestNeighbour
    1841        2145 :                                                       : psOptions->eResampleAlg;
    1842        2321 :     oWK.nBands = psOptions->nBandCount;
    1843        2321 :     oWK.eWorkingDataType = psOptions->eWorkingDataType;
    1844             : 
    1845        2321 :     oWK.pfnTransformer = psOptions->pfnTransformer;
    1846        2321 :     oWK.pTransformerArg = psOptions->pTransformerArg;
    1847             : 
    1848        2321 :     oWK.pfnProgress = psOptions->pfnProgress;
    1849        2321 :     oWK.pProgress = psOptions->pProgressArg;
    1850        2321 :     oWK.dfProgressBase = dfProgressBase;
    1851        2321 :     oWK.dfProgressScale = dfProgressScale;
    1852             : 
    1853        2321 :     oWK.papszWarpOptions = psOptions->papszWarpOptions;
    1854        2321 :     oWK.psThreadData = psThreadData;
    1855             : 
    1856        2321 :     oWK.padfDstNoDataReal = psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal;
    1857             : 
    1858             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1859             :     /*      Setup the source buffer.                                        */
    1860             :     /*                                                                      */
    1861             :     /*      Eventually we may need to take advantage of pixel               */
    1862             :     /*      interleaved reading here.                                       */
    1863             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1864        2321 :     oWK.nSrcXOff = nSrcXOff;
    1865        2321 :     oWK.nSrcYOff = nSrcYOff;
    1866        2321 :     oWK.nSrcXSize = nSrcXSize;
    1867        2321 :     oWK.nSrcYSize = nSrcYSize;
    1868        2321 :     oWK.dfSrcXExtraSize = dfSrcXExtraSize;
    1869        2321 :     oWK.dfSrcYExtraSize = dfSrcYExtraSize;
    1870             : 
    1871        2321 :     GInt64 nAlloc64 =
    1872        2321 :         nWordSize *
    1873        2321 :         (static_cast<GInt64>(nSrcXSize) * nSrcYSize + WARP_EXTRA_ELTS) *
    1874        2321 :         psOptions->nBandCount;
    1875             : #if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 4
    1876             :     if (nAlloc64 != static_cast<GInt64>(static_cast<size_t>(nAlloc64)))
    1877             :     {
    1878             :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1879             :                  "Integer overflow : nSrcXSize=%d, nSrcYSize=%d", nSrcXSize,
    1880             :                  nSrcYSize);
    1881             :         return CE_Failure;
    1882             :     }
    1883             : #endif
    1884             : 
    1885        2321 :     oWK.papabySrcImage = static_cast<GByte **>(
    1886        2321 :         CPLCalloc(sizeof(GByte *), psOptions->nBandCount));
    1887        4642 :     oWK.papabySrcImage[0] =
    1888        2321 :         static_cast<GByte *>(VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(static_cast<size_t>(nAlloc64)));
    1889             : 
    1890        2321 :     CPLErr eErr =
    1891        2018 :         nSrcXSize != 0 && nSrcYSize != 0 && oWK.papabySrcImage[0] == nullptr
    1892        4339 :             ? CE_Failure
    1893             :             : CE_None;
    1894             : 
    1895        5234 :     for (int i = 0; i < psOptions->nBandCount && eErr == CE_None; i++)
    1896        2913 :         oWK.papabySrcImage[i] =
    1897        2913 :             reinterpret_cast<GByte *>(oWK.papabySrcImage[0]) +
    1898        2913 :             nWordSize *
    1899        2913 :                 (static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nSrcXSize) * nSrcYSize +
    1900        2913 :                  WARP_EXTRA_ELTS) *
    1901        2913 :                 i;
    1902             : 
    1903        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && nSrcXSize > 0 && nSrcYSize > 0)
    1904             :     {
    1905        2018 :         GDALDataset *poSrcDS = GDALDataset::FromHandle(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    1906        2018 :         if (psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    1907             :         {
    1908             :             // Particular case to simplify the stack a bit.
    1909        1733 :             eErr = poSrcDS->GetRasterBand(psOptions->panSrcBands[0])
    1910        3466 :                        ->RasterIO(GF_Read, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize,
    1911        1733 :                                   nSrcYSize, oWK.papabySrcImage[0], nSrcXSize,
    1912        1733 :                                   nSrcYSize, psOptions->eWorkingDataType, 0, 0,
    1913             :                                   nullptr);
    1914             :         }
    1915             :         else
    1916             :         {
    1917         285 :             eErr = poSrcDS->RasterIO(
    1918             :                 GF_Read, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize,
    1919         285 :                 oWK.papabySrcImage[0], nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize,
    1920         285 :                 psOptions->eWorkingDataType, psOptions->nBandCount,
    1921         285 :                 psOptions->panSrcBands, 0, 0,
    1922         285 :                 nWordSize * (static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nSrcXSize) * nSrcYSize +
    1923             :                              WARP_EXTRA_ELTS),
    1924             :                 nullptr);
    1925             :         }
    1926             :     }
    1927             : 
    1928        2321 :     ReportTiming("Input buffer read");
    1929             : 
    1930             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1931             :     /*      Initialize destination buffer.                                  */
    1932             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1933        2321 :     oWK.nDstXOff = nDstXOff;
    1934        2321 :     oWK.nDstYOff = nDstYOff;
    1935        2321 :     oWK.nDstXSize = nDstXSize;
    1936        2321 :     oWK.nDstYSize = nDstYSize;
    1937             : 
    1938        2321 :     oWK.papabyDstImage = reinterpret_cast<GByte **>(
    1939        2321 :         CPLCalloc(sizeof(GByte *), psOptions->nBandCount));
    1940             : 
    1941        5232 :     for (int i = 0; i < psOptions->nBandCount && eErr == CE_None; i++)
    1942             :     {
    1943        2911 :         oWK.papabyDstImage[i] =
    1944        2911 :             static_cast<GByte *>(pDataBuf) +
    1945        2911 :             i * static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nDstXSize) * nDstYSize * nWordSize;
    1946             :     }
    1947             : 
    1948             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1949             :     /*      Eventually we need handling for a whole bunch of the            */
    1950             :     /*      validity and density masks here.                                */
    1951             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1952             : 
    1953             :     // TODO
    1954             : 
    1955             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1956             :     /*      Generate a source density mask if we have a source alpha band   */
    1957             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1958        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0 && nSrcXSize > 0 &&
    1959          78 :         nSrcYSize > 0)
    1960             :     {
    1961          78 :         CPLAssert(oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity == nullptr);
    1962             : 
    1963          78 :         eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "UnifiedSrcDensity");
    1964             : 
    1965          78 :         if (eErr == CE_None)
    1966             :         {
    1967          78 :             int bOutAllOpaque = FALSE;
    1968         156 :             eErr = GDALWarpSrcAlphaMasker(
    1969          78 :                 psOptions, psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    1970             :                 oWK.nSrcXOff, oWK.nSrcYOff, oWK.nSrcXSize, oWK.nSrcYSize,
    1971          78 :                 oWK.papabySrcImage, TRUE, oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity,
    1972             :                 &bOutAllOpaque);
    1973          78 :             if (bOutAllOpaque)
    1974             :             {
    1975             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    1976             :                 CPLDebug("WARP",
    1977             :                          "No need for a source density mask as all values "
    1978             :                          "are opaque");
    1979             : #endif
    1980          24 :                 CPLFree(oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity);
    1981          24 :                 oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity = nullptr;
    1982             :             }
    1983             :         }
    1984             :     }
    1985             : 
    1986             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1987             :     /*      Generate a source density mask if we have a source cutline.     */
    1988             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1989        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->hCutline != nullptr && nSrcXSize > 0 &&
    1990          33 :         nSrcYSize > 0)
    1991             :     {
    1992          33 :         const bool bUnifiedSrcDensityJustCreated =
    1993          33 :             (oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity == nullptr);
    1994          33 :         if (bUnifiedSrcDensityJustCreated)
    1995             :         {
    1996             :             eErr =
    1997          33 :                 CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "UnifiedSrcDensity");
    1998             : 
    1999          33 :             if (eErr == CE_None)
    2000             :             {
    2001          33 :                 for (GPtrDiff_t j = 0;
    2002     2877470 :                      j < static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(oWK.nSrcXSize) * oWK.nSrcYSize;
    2003             :                      j++)
    2004     2877440 :                     oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity[j] = 1.0;
    2005             :             }
    2006             :         }
    2007             : 
    2008          33 :         int nValidityFlag = 0;
    2009          33 :         if (eErr == CE_None)
    2010          33 :             eErr = GDALWarpCutlineMaskerEx(
    2011          33 :                 psOptions, psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2012             :                 oWK.nSrcXOff, oWK.nSrcYOff, oWK.nSrcXSize, oWK.nSrcYSize,
    2013          33 :                 oWK.papabySrcImage, TRUE, oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity,
    2014             :                 &nValidityFlag);
    2015          33 :         if (nValidityFlag == GCMVF_CHUNK_FULLY_WITHIN_CUTLINE &&
    2016             :             bUnifiedSrcDensityJustCreated)
    2017             :         {
    2018           8 :             VSIFree(oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity);
    2019           8 :             oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity = nullptr;
    2020             :         }
    2021             :     }
    2022             : 
    2023             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2024             :     /*      Generate a destination density mask if we have a destination    */
    2025             :     /*      alpha band.                                                     */
    2026             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2027        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0)
    2028             :     {
    2029         244 :         CPLAssert(oWK.pafDstDensity == nullptr);
    2030             : 
    2031         244 :         eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "DstDensity");
    2032             : 
    2033         244 :         if (eErr == CE_None)
    2034         244 :             eErr = GDALWarpDstAlphaMasker(
    2035         244 :                 psOptions, psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2036             :                 oWK.nDstXOff, oWK.nDstYOff, oWK.nDstXSize, oWK.nDstYSize,
    2037         244 :                 oWK.papabyDstImage, TRUE, oWK.pafDstDensity);
    2038             :     }
    2039             : 
    2040             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2041             :     /*      If we have source nodata values create the validity mask.       */
    2042             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2043        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->padfSrcNoDataReal != nullptr &&
    2044         125 :         nSrcXSize > 0 && nSrcYSize > 0)
    2045             :     {
    2046         125 :         CPLAssert(oWK.papanBandSrcValid == nullptr);
    2047             : 
    2048         125 :         bool bAllBandsAllValid = true;
    2049         302 :         for (int i = 0; i < psOptions->nBandCount && eErr == CE_None; i++)
    2050             :         {
    2051         177 :             eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, i, "BandSrcValid");
    2052         177 :             if (eErr == CE_None)
    2053             :             {
    2054         177 :                 double adfNoData[2] = {psOptions->padfSrcNoDataReal[i],
    2055         177 :                                        psOptions->padfSrcNoDataImag != nullptr
    2056         177 :                                            ? psOptions->padfSrcNoDataImag[i]
    2057         177 :                                            : 0.0};
    2058             : 
    2059         177 :                 int bAllValid = FALSE;
    2060         354 :                 eErr = GDALWarpNoDataMasker(
    2061         177 :                     adfNoData, 1, psOptions->eWorkingDataType, oWK.nSrcXOff,
    2062             :                     oWK.nSrcYOff, oWK.nSrcXSize, oWK.nSrcYSize,
    2063         177 :                     &(oWK.papabySrcImage[i]), FALSE, oWK.papanBandSrcValid[i],
    2064             :                     &bAllValid);
    2065         177 :                 if (!bAllValid)
    2066         109 :                     bAllBandsAllValid = false;
    2067             :             }
    2068             :         }
    2069             : 
    2070             :         // Optimization: if all pixels in all bands are valid,
    2071             :         // we don't need a mask.
    2072         125 :         if (bAllBandsAllValid)
    2073             :         {
    2074             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    2075             :             CPLDebug(
    2076             :                 "WARP",
    2077             :                 "No need for a source nodata mask as all values are valid");
    2078             : #endif
    2079         121 :             for (int k = 0; k < psOptions->nBandCount; k++)
    2080          68 :                 CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid[k]);
    2081          53 :             CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid);
    2082          53 :             oWK.papanBandSrcValid = nullptr;
    2083             :         }
    2084             : 
    2085             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2086             :          */
    2087             :         /*      If there's just a single band, then transfer */
    2088             :         /*      papanBandSrcValid[0] as panUnifiedSrcValid. */
    2089             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2090             :          */
    2091         125 :         if (oWK.papanBandSrcValid != nullptr && psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    2092             :         {
    2093          53 :             oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid = oWK.papanBandSrcValid[0];
    2094          53 :             CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid);
    2095          53 :             oWK.papanBandSrcValid = nullptr;
    2096             :         }
    2097             : 
    2098             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2099             :          */
    2100             :         /*      Compute a unified input pixel mask if and only if all bands */
    2101             :         /*      nodata is true.  That is, we only treat a pixel as nodata if */
    2102             :         /*      all bands match their respective nodata values. */
    2103             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2104             :          */
    2105          72 :         else if (oWK.papanBandSrcValid != nullptr && eErr == CE_None)
    2106             :         {
    2107          19 :             bool bAtLeastOneBandAllValid = false;
    2108          75 :             for (int k = 0; k < psOptions->nBandCount; k++)
    2109             :             {
    2110          56 :                 if (oWK.papanBandSrcValid[k] == nullptr)
    2111             :                 {
    2112           0 :                     bAtLeastOneBandAllValid = true;
    2113           0 :                     break;
    2114             :                 }
    2115             :             }
    2116             : 
    2117          38 :             const char *pszUnifiedSrcNoData = CSLFetchNameValue(
    2118          19 :                 psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "UNIFIED_SRC_NODATA");
    2119          36 :             if (!bAtLeastOneBandAllValid && (pszUnifiedSrcNoData == nullptr ||
    2120          17 :                                              CPLTestBool(pszUnifiedSrcNoData)))
    2121             :             {
    2122          18 :                 auto nMaskBits =
    2123          18 :                     static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(oWK.nSrcXSize) * oWK.nSrcYSize;
    2124             : 
    2125             :                 eErr =
    2126          18 :                     CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "UnifiedSrcValid");
    2127             : 
    2128          18 :                 if (eErr == CE_None)
    2129             :                 {
    2130          18 :                     CPLMaskClearAll(oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid, nMaskBits);
    2131             : 
    2132          71 :                     for (int k = 0; k < psOptions->nBandCount; k++)
    2133             :                     {
    2134          53 :                         CPLMaskMerge(oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid,
    2135          53 :                                      oWK.papanBandSrcValid[k], nMaskBits);
    2136             :                     }
    2137             : 
    2138             :                     // If UNIFIED_SRC_NODATA is set, then we will ignore the
    2139             :                     // individual nodata status of each band. If it is not set,
    2140             :                     // both mechanism apply:
    2141             :                     // - if panUnifiedSrcValid[] indicates a pixel is invalid
    2142             :                     //   (that is all its bands are at nodata), then the output
    2143             :                     //   pixel will be invalid
    2144             :                     // - otherwise, the status band per band will be check with
    2145             :                     //   papanBandSrcValid[iBand][], and the output pixel will
    2146             :                     //   be valid
    2147          18 :                     if (pszUnifiedSrcNoData != nullptr &&
    2148          16 :                         !EQUAL(pszUnifiedSrcNoData, "PARTIAL"))
    2149             :                     {
    2150          60 :                         for (int k = 0; k < psOptions->nBandCount; k++)
    2151          45 :                             CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid[k]);
    2152          15 :                         CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid);
    2153          15 :                         oWK.papanBandSrcValid = nullptr;
    2154             :                     }
    2155             :                 }
    2156             :             }
    2157             :         }
    2158             :     }
    2159             : 
    2160             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2161             :     /*      Generate a source validity mask if we have a source mask for    */
    2162             :     /*      the whole input dataset (and didn't already treat it as         */
    2163             :     /*      alpha band).                                                    */
    2164             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2165             :     GDALRasterBandH hSrcBand =
    2166        2321 :         psOptions->nBandCount < 1
    2167        2321 :             ? nullptr
    2168        2321 :             : GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hSrcDS, psOptions->panSrcBands[0]);
    2169             : 
    2170        2319 :     if (eErr == CE_None && oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity == nullptr &&
    2171        2240 :         oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid == nullptr && psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand <= 0 &&
    2172        2145 :         (GDALGetMaskFlags(hSrcBand) & GMF_PER_DATASET)
    2173             :         // Need to double check for -nosrcalpha case.
    2174        4642 :         && !(GDALGetMaskFlags(hSrcBand) & GMF_ALPHA) && nSrcXSize > 0 &&
    2175           2 :         nSrcYSize > 0)
    2176             : 
    2177             :     {
    2178           2 :         eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "UnifiedSrcValid");
    2179             : 
    2180           2 :         if (eErr == CE_None)
    2181           2 :             eErr = GDALWarpSrcMaskMasker(
    2182           2 :                 psOptions, psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2183             :                 oWK.nSrcXOff, oWK.nSrcYOff, oWK.nSrcXSize, oWK.nSrcYSize,
    2184           2 :                 oWK.papabySrcImage, FALSE, oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid);
    2185             :     }
    2186             : 
    2187             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2188             :     /*      If we have destination nodata values create the                 */
    2189             :     /*      validity mask.  We set the DstValid for any pixel that we       */
    2190             :     /*      do no have valid data in *any* of the source bands.             */
    2191             :     /*                                                                      */
    2192             :     /*      Note that we don't support any concept of unified nodata on     */
    2193             :     /*      the destination image.  At some point that should be added      */
    2194             :     /*      and then this logic will be significantly different.            */
    2195             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2196        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal != nullptr)
    2197             :     {
    2198         610 :         CPLAssert(oWK.panDstValid == nullptr);
    2199             : 
    2200         610 :         const GPtrDiff_t nMaskBits =
    2201         610 :             static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(oWK.nDstXSize) * oWK.nDstYSize;
    2202             : 
    2203         610 :         eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "DstValid");
    2204             :         GUInt32 *panBandMask =
    2205         610 :             eErr == CE_None ? CPLMaskCreate(nMaskBits, true) : nullptr;
    2206             : 
    2207         610 :         if (eErr == CE_None && panBandMask != nullptr)
    2208             :         {
    2209        1172 :             for (int iBand = 0; iBand < psOptions->nBandCount; iBand++)
    2210             :             {
    2211         660 :                 CPLMaskSetAll(panBandMask, nMaskBits);
    2212             : 
    2213         660 :                 double adfNoData[2] = {psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal[iBand],
    2214         660 :                                        psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag != nullptr
    2215         660 :                                            ? psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag[iBand]
    2216         660 :                                            : 0.0};
    2217             : 
    2218         660 :                 int bAllValid = FALSE;
    2219        1320 :                 eErr = GDALWarpNoDataMasker(
    2220         660 :                     adfNoData, 1, psOptions->eWorkingDataType, oWK.nDstXOff,
    2221             :                     oWK.nDstYOff, oWK.nDstXSize, oWK.nDstYSize,
    2222         660 :                     oWK.papabyDstImage + iBand, FALSE, panBandMask, &bAllValid);
    2223             : 
    2224             :                 // Optimization: if there's a single band and all pixels are
    2225             :                 // valid then we don't need a mask.
    2226         660 :                 if (bAllValid && psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    2227             :                 {
    2228             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    2229             :                     CPLDebug("WARP", "No need for a destination nodata mask as "
    2230             :                                      "all values are valid");
    2231             : #endif
    2232          98 :                     CPLFree(oWK.panDstValid);
    2233          98 :                     oWK.panDstValid = nullptr;
    2234          98 :                     break;
    2235             :                 }
    2236             : 
    2237         562 :                 CPLMaskMerge(oWK.panDstValid, panBandMask, nMaskBits);
    2238             :             }
    2239         610 :             CPLFree(panBandMask);
    2240             :         }
    2241             :     }
    2242             : 
    2243             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2244             :     /*      Release IO Mutex, and acquire warper mutex.                     */
    2245             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2246        2321 :     if (hIOMutex != nullptr)
    2247             :     {
    2248          10 :         CPLReleaseMutex(hIOMutex);
    2249          10 :         if (!CPLAcquireMutex(hWarpMutex, 600.0))
    2250             :         {
    2251           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2252             :                      "Failed to acquire WarpMutex in WarpRegion().");
    2253           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    2254             :         }
    2255             :     }
    2256             : 
    2257             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2258             :     /*      Optional application provided prewarp chunk processor.          */
    2259             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2260        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->pfnPreWarpChunkProcessor != nullptr)
    2261           0 :         eErr = psOptions->pfnPreWarpChunkProcessor(
    2262           0 :             &oWK, psOptions->pPreWarpProcessorArg);
    2263             : 
    2264             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2265             :     /*      Perform the warp.                                               */
    2266             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2267        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None)
    2268             :     {
    2269        2319 :         eErr = oWK.PerformWarp();
    2270        2319 :         ReportTiming("In memory warp operation");
    2271             :     }
    2272             : 
    2273             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2274             :     /*      Optional application provided postwarp chunk processor.         */
    2275             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2276        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->pfnPostWarpChunkProcessor != nullptr)
    2277           0 :         eErr = psOptions->pfnPostWarpChunkProcessor(
    2278           0 :             &oWK, psOptions->pPostWarpProcessorArg);
    2279             : 
    2280             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2281             :     /*      Release Warp Mutex, and acquire io mutex.                       */
    2282             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2283        2321 :     if (hIOMutex != nullptr)
    2284             :     {
    2285          10 :         CPLReleaseMutex(hWarpMutex);
    2286          10 :         if (!CPLAcquireMutex(hIOMutex, 600.0))
    2287             :         {
    2288           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2289             :                      "Failed to acquire IOMutex in WarpRegion().");
    2290           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    2291             :         }
    2292             :     }
    2293             : 
    2294             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2295             :     /*      Write destination alpha if available.                           */
    2296             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2297        2321 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0)
    2298             :     {
    2299         244 :         eErr = GDALWarpDstAlphaMasker(
    2300         244 :             psOptions, -psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2301             :             oWK.nDstXOff, oWK.nDstYOff, oWK.nDstXSize, oWK.nDstYSize,
    2302         244 :             oWK.papabyDstImage, TRUE, oWK.pafDstDensity);
    2303             :     }
    2304             : 
    2305             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2306             :     /*      Cleanup.                                                        */
    2307             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2308        2321 :     CPLFree(oWK.papabySrcImage[0]);
    2309        2321 :     CPLFree(oWK.papabySrcImage);
    2310        2321 :     CPLFree(oWK.papabyDstImage);
    2311             : 
    2312        2321 :     if (oWK.papanBandSrcValid != nullptr)
    2313             :     {
    2314          15 :         for (int i = 0; i < oWK.nBands; i++)
    2315          11 :             CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid[i]);
    2316           4 :         CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid);
    2317             :     }
    2318        2321 :     CPLFree(oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid);
    2319        2321 :     CPLFree(oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity);
    2320        2321 :     CPLFree(oWK.panDstValid);
    2321        2321 :     CPLFree(oWK.pafDstDensity);
    2322             : 
    2323        2321 :     return eErr;
    2324             : }
    2325             : 
    2326             : /************************************************************************/
    2327             : /*                            GDALWarpRegionToBuffer()                  */
    2328             : /************************************************************************/
    2329             : 
    2330             : /**
    2331             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer()
    2332             :  */
    2333             : 
    2334           0 : CPLErr GDALWarpRegionToBuffer(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation, int nDstXOff,
    2335             :                               int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize,
    2336             :                               void *pDataBuf, GDALDataType eBufDataType,
    2337             :                               int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff, int nSrcXSize,
    2338             :                               int nSrcYSize)
    2339             : 
    2340             : {
    2341           0 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(hOperation, "GDALWarpRegionToBuffer", CE_Failure);
    2342             : 
    2343             :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation)
    2344           0 :         ->WarpRegionToBuffer(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, pDataBuf,
    2345             :                              eBufDataType, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize,
    2346           0 :                              nSrcYSize);
    2347             : }
    2348             : 
    2349             : /************************************************************************/
    2350             : /*                          CreateKernelMask()                          */
    2351             : /*                                                                      */
    2352             : /*      If mask does not yet exist, create it.  Supported types are     */
    2353             : /*      the name of the variable in question.  That is                  */
    2354             : /*      "BandSrcValid", "UnifiedSrcValid", "UnifiedSrcDensity",         */
    2355             : /*      "DstValid", and "DstDensity".                                   */
    2356             : /************************************************************************/
    2357             : 
    2358        1162 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::CreateKernelMask(GDALWarpKernel *poKernel, int iBand,
    2359             :                                            const char *pszType)
    2360             : 
    2361             : {
    2362        1162 :     void **ppMask = nullptr;
    2363        1162 :     int nXSize = 0;
    2364        1162 :     int nYSize = 0;
    2365        1162 :     int nBitsPerPixel = 0;
    2366        1162 :     int nDefault = 0;
    2367        1162 :     int nExtraElts = 0;
    2368        1162 :     bool bDoMemset = true;
    2369             : 
    2370             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2371             :     /*      Get particulars of mask to be updated.                          */
    2372             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2373        1162 :     if (EQUAL(pszType, "BandSrcValid"))
    2374             :     {
    2375         177 :         if (poKernel->papanBandSrcValid == nullptr)
    2376         125 :             poKernel->papanBandSrcValid = static_cast<GUInt32 **>(
    2377         125 :                 CPLCalloc(sizeof(void *), poKernel->nBands));
    2378             : 
    2379         177 :         ppMask =
    2380         177 :             reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->papanBandSrcValid[iBand]));
    2381         177 :         nExtraElts = WARP_EXTRA_ELTS;
    2382         177 :         nXSize = poKernel->nSrcXSize;
    2383         177 :         nYSize = poKernel->nSrcYSize;
    2384         177 :         nBitsPerPixel = 1;
    2385         177 :         nDefault = 0xff;
    2386             :     }
    2387         985 :     else if (EQUAL(pszType, "UnifiedSrcValid"))
    2388             :     {
    2389          20 :         ppMask = reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->panUnifiedSrcValid));
    2390          20 :         nExtraElts = WARP_EXTRA_ELTS;
    2391          20 :         nXSize = poKernel->nSrcXSize;
    2392          20 :         nYSize = poKernel->nSrcYSize;
    2393          20 :         nBitsPerPixel = 1;
    2394          20 :         nDefault = 0xff;
    2395             :     }
    2396         965 :     else if (EQUAL(pszType, "UnifiedSrcDensity"))
    2397             :     {
    2398         111 :         ppMask = reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->pafUnifiedSrcDensity));
    2399         111 :         nExtraElts = WARP_EXTRA_ELTS;
    2400         111 :         nXSize = poKernel->nSrcXSize;
    2401         111 :         nYSize = poKernel->nSrcYSize;
    2402         111 :         nBitsPerPixel = 32;
    2403         111 :         nDefault = 0;
    2404         111 :         bDoMemset = false;
    2405             :     }
    2406         854 :     else if (EQUAL(pszType, "DstValid"))
    2407             :     {
    2408         610 :         ppMask = reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->panDstValid));
    2409         610 :         nXSize = poKernel->nDstXSize;
    2410         610 :         nYSize = poKernel->nDstYSize;
    2411         610 :         nBitsPerPixel = 1;
    2412         610 :         nDefault = 0;
    2413             :     }
    2414         244 :     else if (EQUAL(pszType, "DstDensity"))
    2415             :     {
    2416         244 :         ppMask = reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->pafDstDensity));
    2417         244 :         nXSize = poKernel->nDstXSize;
    2418         244 :         nYSize = poKernel->nDstYSize;
    2419         244 :         nBitsPerPixel = 32;
    2420         244 :         nDefault = 0;
    2421         244 :         bDoMemset = false;
    2422             :     }
    2423             :     else
    2424             :     {
    2425           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2426             :                  "Internal error in CreateKernelMask(%s).", pszType);
    2427           0 :         return CE_Failure;
    2428             :     }
    2429             : 
    2430             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2431             :     /*      Allocate if needed.                                             */
    2432             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2433        1162 :     if (*ppMask == nullptr)
    2434             :     {
    2435        1162 :         const GIntBig nBytes =
    2436             :             nBitsPerPixel == 32
    2437        1162 :                 ? (static_cast<GIntBig>(nXSize) * nYSize + nExtraElts) * 4
    2438         807 :                 : (static_cast<GIntBig>(nXSize) * nYSize + nExtraElts + 31) / 8;
    2439             : 
    2440        1162 :         const size_t nByteSize_t = static_cast<size_t>(nBytes);
    2441             : #if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 4
    2442             :         if (static_cast<GIntBig>(nByteSize_t) != nBytes)
    2443             :         {
    2444             :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_OutOfMemory,
    2445             :                      "Cannot allocate " CPL_FRMT_GIB " bytes", nBytes);
    2446             :             return CE_Failure;
    2447             :         }
    2448             : #endif
    2449             : 
    2450        1162 :         *ppMask = VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(nByteSize_t);
    2451             : 
    2452        1162 :         if (*ppMask == nullptr)
    2453             :         {
    2454           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    2455             :         }
    2456             : 
    2457        1162 :         if (bDoMemset)
    2458         807 :             memset(*ppMask, nDefault, nByteSize_t);
    2459             :     }
    2460             : 
    2461        1162 :     return CE_None;
    2462             : }
    2463             : 
    2464             : /************************************************************************/
    2465             : /*               ComputeSourceWindowStartingFromSource()                */
    2466             : /************************************************************************/
    2467             : 
    2468             : constexpr int DEFAULT_STEP_COUNT = 21;
    2469             : 
    2470         425 : void GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindowStartingFromSource(
    2471             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize,
    2472             :     double *padfSrcMinX, double *padfSrcMinY, double *padfSrcMaxX,
    2473             :     double *padfSrcMaxY)
    2474             : {
    2475         425 :     const int nSrcRasterXSize = GDALGetRasterXSize(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    2476         425 :     const int nSrcRasterYSize = GDALGetRasterYSize(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    2477         425 :     if (nSrcRasterXSize == 0 || nSrcRasterYSize == 0)
    2478           0 :         return;
    2479             : 
    2480         425 :     GDALWarpPrivateData *privateData = GetWarpPrivateData(this);
    2481         425 :     if (privateData->nStepCount == 0)
    2482             :     {
    2483         141 :         int nStepCount = DEFAULT_STEP_COUNT;
    2484         141 :         std::vector<double> adfDstZ{};
    2485             : 
    2486             :         const char *pszSampleSteps =
    2487         141 :             CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_STEPS");
    2488         141 :         constexpr int knIntMax = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
    2489         141 :         if (pszSampleSteps && !EQUAL(pszSampleSteps, "ALL"))
    2490             :         {
    2491           0 :             nStepCount = atoi(
    2492           0 :                 CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_STEPS"));
    2493           0 :             nStepCount = std::max(2, nStepCount);
    2494             :         }
    2495             : 
    2496         141 :         const double dfStepSize = 1.0 / (nStepCount - 1);
    2497         141 :         if (nStepCount > knIntMax - 2 ||
    2498         141 :             (nStepCount + 2) > knIntMax / (nStepCount + 2))
    2499             :         {
    2500           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps : %d",
    2501             :                      nStepCount);
    2502           0 :             return;
    2503             :         }
    2504         141 :         const int nSampleMax = (nStepCount + 2) * (nStepCount + 2);
    2505             : 
    2506             :         try
    2507             :         {
    2508         141 :             privateData->abSuccess.resize(nSampleMax);
    2509         141 :             privateData->adfDstX.resize(nSampleMax);
    2510         141 :             privateData->adfDstY.resize(nSampleMax);
    2511         141 :             adfDstZ.resize(nSampleMax);
    2512             :         }
    2513           0 :         catch (const std::exception &)
    2514             :         {
    2515           0 :             return;
    2516             :         }
    2517             : 
    2518             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2519             :          */
    2520             :         /*      Setup sample points on a grid pattern throughout the source */
    2521             :         /*      raster. */
    2522             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2523             :          */
    2524         141 :         int iPoint = 0;
    2525        3384 :         for (int iY = 0; iY < nStepCount + 2; iY++)
    2526             :         {
    2527        6345 :             const double dfRatioY = (iY == 0) ? 0.5 / nSrcRasterYSize
    2528        3102 :                                     : (iY <= nStepCount)
    2529        3102 :                                         ? (iY - 1) * dfStepSize
    2530         141 :                                         : 1 - 0.5 / nSrcRasterYSize;
    2531       77832 :             for (int iX = 0; iX < nStepCount + 2; iX++)
    2532             :             {
    2533      145935 :                 const double dfRatioX = (iX == 0) ? 0.5 / nSrcRasterXSize
    2534       71346 :                                         : (iX <= nStepCount)
    2535       71346 :                                             ? (iX - 1) * dfStepSize
    2536        3243 :                                             : 1 - 0.5 / nSrcRasterXSize;
    2537       74589 :                 privateData->adfDstX[iPoint] = dfRatioX * nSrcRasterXSize;
    2538       74589 :                 privateData->adfDstY[iPoint] = dfRatioY * nSrcRasterYSize;
    2539       74589 :                 iPoint++;
    2540             :             }
    2541             :         }
    2542         141 :         CPLAssert(iPoint == nSampleMax);
    2543             : 
    2544             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2545             :          */
    2546             :         /*      Transform them to the output pixel coordinate space */
    2547             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2548             :          */
    2549         282 :         if (!psOptions->pfnTransformer(
    2550         141 :                 psOptions->pTransformerArg, FALSE, nSampleMax,
    2551             :                 privateData->adfDstX.data(), privateData->adfDstY.data(),
    2552             :                 adfDstZ.data(), privateData->abSuccess.data()))
    2553             :         {
    2554           0 :             return;
    2555             :         }
    2556             : 
    2557         141 :         privateData->nStepCount = nStepCount;
    2558             :     }
    2559             : 
    2560             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2561             :     /*      Collect the bounds, ignoring any failed points.                 */
    2562             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2563         425 :     const int nStepCount = privateData->nStepCount;
    2564         425 :     const double dfStepSize = 1.0 / (nStepCount - 1);
    2565         425 :     int iPoint = 0;
    2566             : #ifdef DEBUG
    2567         425 :     const size_t nSampleMax =
    2568         425 :         static_cast<size_t>(nStepCount + 2) * (nStepCount + 2);
    2569         425 :     CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(nSampleMax);
    2570         425 :     CPLAssert(privateData->adfDstX.size() == nSampleMax);
    2571         425 :     CPLAssert(privateData->adfDstY.size() == nSampleMax);
    2572         425 :     CPLAssert(privateData->abSuccess.size() == nSampleMax);
    2573             : #endif
    2574       10200 :     for (int iY = 0; iY < nStepCount + 2; iY++)
    2575             :     {
    2576       19125 :         const double dfRatioY = (iY == 0) ? 0.5 / nSrcRasterYSize
    2577             :                                 : (iY <= nStepCount)
    2578        9350 :                                     ? (iY - 1) * dfStepSize
    2579         425 :                                     : 1 - 0.5 / nSrcRasterYSize;
    2580      234600 :         for (int iX = 0; iX < nStepCount + 2; iX++)
    2581             :         {
    2582      224825 :             if (privateData->abSuccess[iPoint] &&
    2583      215271 :                 privateData->adfDstX[iPoint] >= nDstXOff &&
    2584      193976 :                 privateData->adfDstX[iPoint] <= nDstXOff + nDstXSize &&
    2585      575420 :                 privateData->adfDstY[iPoint] >= nDstYOff &&
    2586      135324 :                 privateData->adfDstY[iPoint] <= nDstYOff + nDstYSize)
    2587             :             {
    2588      203711 :                 const double dfRatioX = (iX == 0) ? 0.5 / nSrcRasterXSize
    2589             :                                         : (iX <= nStepCount)
    2590       99612 :                                             ? (iX - 1) * dfStepSize
    2591        4503 :                                             : 1 - 0.5 / nSrcRasterXSize;
    2592      104099 :                 double dfSrcX = dfRatioX * nSrcRasterXSize;
    2593      104099 :                 double dfSrcY = dfRatioY * nSrcRasterYSize;
    2594      104099 :                 *padfSrcMinX = std::min(*padfSrcMinX, dfSrcX);
    2595      104099 :                 *padfSrcMinY = std::min(*padfSrcMinY, dfSrcY);
    2596      104099 :                 *padfSrcMaxX = std::max(*padfSrcMaxX, dfSrcX);
    2597      104099 :                 *padfSrcMaxY = std::max(*padfSrcMaxY, dfSrcY);
    2598             :             }
    2599      224825 :             iPoint++;
    2600             :         }
    2601             :     }
    2602             : }
    2603             : 
    2604             : /************************************************************************/
    2605             : /*                    ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints()              */
    2606             : /************************************************************************/
    2607             : 
    2608        4660 : bool GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    2609             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, bool bUseGrid,
    2610             :     bool bAll, int nStepCount, bool bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj,
    2611             :     double &dfMinXOut, double &dfMinYOut, double &dfMaxXOut, double &dfMaxYOut,
    2612             :     int &nSamplePoints, int &nFailedCount)
    2613             : {
    2614        4660 :     nSamplePoints = 0;
    2615        4660 :     nFailedCount = 0;
    2616             : 
    2617        4660 :     const double dfStepSize = bAll ? 0 : 1.0 / (nStepCount - 1);
    2618        4660 :     constexpr int knIntMax = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
    2619        4660 :     int nSampleMax = 0;
    2620        4660 :     if (bUseGrid)
    2621             :     {
    2622         485 :         if (bAll)
    2623             :         {
    2624           0 :             if (nDstYSize > knIntMax / (nDstXSize + 1) - 1)
    2625             :             {
    2626           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps");
    2627           0 :                 return false;
    2628             :             }
    2629           0 :             nSampleMax = (nDstXSize + 1) * (nDstYSize + 1);
    2630             :         }
    2631             :         else
    2632             :         {
    2633         485 :             if (nStepCount > knIntMax - 2 ||
    2634         485 :                 (nStepCount + 2) > knIntMax / (nStepCount + 2))
    2635             :             {
    2636           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps : %d",
    2637             :                          nStepCount);
    2638           0 :                 return false;
    2639             :             }
    2640         485 :             nSampleMax = (nStepCount + 2) * (nStepCount + 2);
    2641             :         }
    2642             :     }
    2643             :     else
    2644             :     {
    2645        4175 :         if (bAll)
    2646             :         {
    2647         151 :             if (nDstXSize > (knIntMax - 2 * nDstYSize) / 2)
    2648             :             {
    2649             :                 // Extremely unlikely !
    2650           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps");
    2651           0 :                 return false;
    2652             :             }
    2653         151 :             nSampleMax = 2 * (nDstXSize + nDstYSize);
    2654             :         }
    2655             :         else
    2656             :         {
    2657        4024 :             if (nStepCount > knIntMax / 4)
    2658             :             {
    2659           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps : %d * 4",
    2660             :                          nStepCount);
    2661           0 :                 return false;
    2662             :             }
    2663        4024 :             nSampleMax = nStepCount * 4;
    2664             :         }
    2665             :     }
    2666             : 
    2667             :     int *pabSuccess =
    2668        4660 :         static_cast<int *>(VSI_MALLOC2_VERBOSE(sizeof(int), nSampleMax));
    2669             :     double *padfX = static_cast<double *>(
    2670        4660 :         VSI_MALLOC2_VERBOSE(sizeof(double) * 3, nSampleMax));
    2671        4660 :     if (pabSuccess == nullptr || padfX == nullptr)
    2672             :     {
    2673           0 :         CPLFree(padfX);
    2674           0 :         CPLFree(pabSuccess);
    2675           0 :         return false;
    2676             :     }
    2677        4660 :     double *padfY = padfX + nSampleMax;
    2678        4660 :     double *padfZ = padfX + nSampleMax * 2;
    2679             : 
    2680             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2681             :     /*      Setup sample points on a grid pattern throughout the area.      */
    2682             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2683        4660 :     if (bUseGrid)
    2684             :     {
    2685         485 :         if (bAll)
    2686             :         {
    2687           0 :             for (int iY = 0; iY <= nDstYSize; ++iY)
    2688             :             {
    2689           0 :                 for (int iX = 0; iX <= nDstXSize; ++iX)
    2690             :                 {
    2691           0 :                     padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff + iX;
    2692           0 :                     padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + iY;
    2693           0 :                     padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2694             :                 }
    2695             :             }
    2696             :         }
    2697             :         else
    2698             :         {
    2699       11640 :             for (int iY = 0; iY < nStepCount + 2; iY++)
    2700             :             {
    2701       21825 :                 const double dfRatioY = (iY == 0) ? 0.5 / nDstXSize
    2702             :                                         : (iY <= nStepCount)
    2703       10670 :                                             ? (iY - 1) * dfStepSize
    2704         485 :                                             : 1 - 0.5 / nDstXSize;
    2705      267720 :                 for (int iX = 0; iX < nStepCount + 2; iX++)
    2706             :                 {
    2707      501975 :                     const double dfRatioX = (iX == 0) ? 0.5 / nDstXSize
    2708             :                                             : (iX <= nStepCount)
    2709      245410 :                                                 ? (iX - 1) * dfStepSize
    2710       11155 :                                                 : 1 - 0.5 / nDstXSize;
    2711      256565 :                     padfX[nSamplePoints] = dfRatioX * nDstXSize + nDstXOff;
    2712      256565 :                     padfY[nSamplePoints] = dfRatioY * nDstYSize + nDstYOff;
    2713      256565 :                     padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2714             :                 }
    2715             :             }
    2716             :         }
    2717             :     }
    2718             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2719             :     /*      Setup sample points all around the edge of the output raster.   */
    2720             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2721             :     else
    2722             :     {
    2723        4175 :         if (bAll)
    2724             :         {
    2725       68258 :             for (int iX = 0; iX <= nDstXSize; ++iX)
    2726             :             {
    2727             :                 // Along top
    2728       68107 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff + iX;
    2729       68107 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff;
    2730       68107 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2731             : 
    2732             :                 // Along bottom
    2733       68107 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff + iX;
    2734       68107 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + nDstYSize;
    2735       68107 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2736             :             }
    2737             : 
    2738       43329 :             for (int iY = 1; iY < nDstYSize; ++iY)
    2739             :             {
    2740             :                 // Along left
    2741       43178 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff;
    2742       43178 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + iY;
    2743       43178 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2744             : 
    2745             :                 // Along right
    2746       43178 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff + nDstXSize;
    2747       43178 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + iY;
    2748       43178 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2749             :             }
    2750             :         }
    2751             :         else
    2752             :         {
    2753       88528 :             for (double dfRatio = 0.0; dfRatio <= 1.0 + dfStepSize * 0.5;
    2754       84504 :                  dfRatio += dfStepSize)
    2755             :             {
    2756             :                 // Along top
    2757       84504 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = dfRatio * nDstXSize + nDstXOff;
    2758       84504 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff;
    2759       84504 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2760             : 
    2761             :                 // Along bottom
    2762       84504 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = dfRatio * nDstXSize + nDstXOff;
    2763       84504 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + nDstYSize;
    2764       84504 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2765             : 
    2766             :                 // Along left
    2767       84504 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff;
    2768       84504 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = dfRatio * nDstYSize + nDstYOff;
    2769       84504 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2770             : 
    2771             :                 // Along right
    2772       84504 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXSize + nDstXOff;
    2773       84504 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = dfRatio * nDstYSize + nDstYOff;
    2774       84504 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2775             :             }
    2776             :         }
    2777             :     }
    2778             : 
    2779        4660 :     CPLAssert(nSamplePoints == nSampleMax);
    2780             : 
    2781             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2782             :     /*      Transform them to the input pixel coordinate space              */
    2783             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2784             : 
    2785         132 :     const auto RefreshTransformer = [this]()
    2786             :     {
    2787          44 :         if (GDALIsTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg,
    2788             :                               GDAL_GEN_IMG_TRANSFORMER_CLASS_NAME))
    2789             :         {
    2790           0 :             GDALRefreshGenImgProjTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg);
    2791             :         }
    2792          44 :         else if (GDALIsTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg,
    2793             :                                    GDAL_APPROX_TRANSFORMER_CLASS_NAME))
    2794             :         {
    2795          44 :             GDALRefreshApproxTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg);
    2796             :         }
    2797        4704 :     };
    2798             : 
    2799        4660 :     if (bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj)
    2800             :     {
    2801          22 :         CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption("CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ", "YES");
    2802          22 :         RefreshTransformer();
    2803             :     }
    2804        4660 :     int ret = psOptions->pfnTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg, TRUE,
    2805             :                                         nSamplePoints, padfX, padfY, padfZ,
    2806             :                                         pabSuccess);
    2807        4660 :     if (bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj)
    2808             :     {
    2809          22 :         CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption("CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ", nullptr);
    2810          22 :         RefreshTransformer();
    2811             :     }
    2812             : 
    2813        4660 :     if (!ret)
    2814             :     {
    2815           0 :         CPLFree(padfX);
    2816           0 :         CPLFree(pabSuccess);
    2817             : 
    2818           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2819             :                  "GDALWarperOperation::ComputeSourceWindow() failed because "
    2820             :                  "the pfnTransformer failed.");
    2821           0 :         return false;
    2822             :     }
    2823             : 
    2824             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2825             :     /*      Collect the bounds, ignoring any failed points.                 */
    2826             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2827      821811 :     for (int i = 0; i < nSamplePoints; i++)
    2828             :     {
    2829      817151 :         if (!pabSuccess[i])
    2830             :         {
    2831      107923 :             nFailedCount++;
    2832      107923 :             continue;
    2833             :         }
    2834             : 
    2835             :         // If this happens this is likely the symptom of a bug somewhere.
    2836      709228 :         if (std::isnan(padfX[i]) || std::isnan(padfY[i]))
    2837             :         {
    2838             :             static bool bNanCoordFound = false;
    2839           0 :             if (!bNanCoordFound)
    2840             :             {
    2841           0 :                 CPLDebug("WARP",
    2842             :                          "ComputeSourceWindow(): "
    2843             :                          "NaN coordinate found on point %d.",
    2844             :                          i);
    2845           0 :                 bNanCoordFound = true;
    2846             :             }
    2847           0 :             nFailedCount++;
    2848           0 :             continue;
    2849             :         }
    2850             : 
    2851      709228 :         dfMinXOut = std::min(dfMinXOut, padfX[i]);
    2852      709228 :         dfMinYOut = std::min(dfMinYOut, padfY[i]);
    2853      709228 :         dfMaxXOut = std::max(dfMaxXOut, padfX[i]);
    2854      709228 :         dfMaxYOut = std::max(dfMaxYOut, padfY[i]);
    2855             :     }
    2856             : 
    2857        4660 :     CPLFree(padfX);
    2858        4660 :     CPLFree(pabSuccess);
    2859        4660 :     return true;
    2860             : }
    2861             : 
    2862             : /************************************************************************/
    2863             : /*                        ComputeSourceWindow()                         */
    2864             : /************************************************************************/
    2865             : 
    2866             : /** Given a target window starting at pixel (nDstOff, nDstYOff) and of
    2867             :  * dimension (nDstXSize, nDstYSize), compute the corresponding window in
    2868             :  * the source raster, and return the source position in (*pnSrcXOff, *pnSrcYOff),
    2869             :  * the source dimension in (*pnSrcXSize, *pnSrcYSize).
    2870             :  * If pdfSrcXExtraSize is not null, its pointed value will be filled with the
    2871             :  * number of extra source pixels in X dimension to acquire to take into account
    2872             :  * the size of the resampling kernel. Similarly for pdfSrcYExtraSize for the
    2873             :  * Y dimension.
    2874             :  * If pdfSrcFillRatio is not null, its pointed value will be filled with the
    2875             :  * the ratio of the clamped source raster window size over the unclamped source
    2876             :  * raster window size. When this ratio is too low, this might be an indication
    2877             :  * that it might be beneficial to split the target window to avoid requesting
    2878             :  * too many source pixels.
    2879             :  */
    2880        4354 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindow(
    2881             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int *pnSrcXOff,
    2882             :     int *pnSrcYOff, int *pnSrcXSize, int *pnSrcYSize, double *pdfSrcXExtraSize,
    2883             :     double *pdfSrcYExtraSize, double *pdfSrcFillRatio)
    2884             : 
    2885             : {
    2886             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2887             :     /*      Figure out whether we just want to do the usual "along the      */
    2888             :     /*      edge" sampling, or using a grid.  The grid usage is             */
    2889             :     /*      important in some weird "inside out" cases like WGS84 to        */
    2890             :     /*      polar stereographic around the pole.   Also figure out the      */
    2891             :     /*      sampling rate.                                                  */
    2892             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2893        4354 :     int nStepCount = DEFAULT_STEP_COUNT;
    2894        4354 :     bool bAll = false;
    2895             : 
    2896             :     bool bUseGrid =
    2897        4354 :         CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_GRID", false);
    2898             : 
    2899             :     const char *pszSampleSteps =
    2900        4354 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_STEPS");
    2901        4354 :     if (pszSampleSteps)
    2902             :     {
    2903          94 :         if (EQUAL(pszSampleSteps, "ALL"))
    2904             :         {
    2905          94 :             bAll = true;
    2906             :         }
    2907             :         else
    2908             :         {
    2909           0 :             nStepCount = atoi(pszSampleSteps);
    2910           0 :             nStepCount = std::max(2, nStepCount);
    2911             :         }
    2912             :     }
    2913        4260 :     else if (!bUseGrid)
    2914             :     {
    2915             :         // Detect if at least one of the 4 corner in destination raster fails
    2916             :         // to project back to source.
    2917             :         // Helps for long-lat to orthographic on areas that are partly in
    2918             :         // space / partly on Earth. Cf https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/9056
    2919             :         double adfCornerX[4];
    2920             :         double adfCornerY[4];
    2921        4081 :         double adfCornerZ[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
    2922        4081 :         int anCornerSuccess[4] = {FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE};
    2923        4081 :         adfCornerX[0] = nDstXOff;
    2924        4081 :         adfCornerY[0] = nDstYOff;
    2925        4081 :         adfCornerX[1] = nDstXOff + nDstXSize;
    2926        4081 :         adfCornerY[1] = nDstYOff;
    2927        4081 :         adfCornerX[2] = nDstXOff;
    2928        4081 :         adfCornerY[2] = nDstYOff + nDstYSize;
    2929        4081 :         adfCornerX[3] = nDstXOff + nDstXSize;
    2930        4081 :         adfCornerY[3] = nDstYOff + nDstYSize;
    2931        4081 :         if (!psOptions->pfnTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg, TRUE, 4,
    2932             :                                        adfCornerX, adfCornerY, adfCornerZ,
    2933        4081 :                                        anCornerSuccess) ||
    2934        8105 :             !anCornerSuccess[0] || !anCornerSuccess[1] || !anCornerSuccess[2] ||
    2935        4024 :             !anCornerSuccess[3])
    2936             :         {
    2937          57 :             bAll = true;
    2938             :         }
    2939             :     }
    2940             : 
    2941        4354 :     bool bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj = false;
    2942        4354 :     double dfMinXOut = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    2943        4354 :     double dfMinYOut = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    2944        4354 :     double dfMaxXOut = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    2945        4354 :     double dfMaxYOut = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    2946             : 
    2947        4354 :     int nSamplePoints = 0;
    2948        4354 :     int nFailedCount = 0;
    2949        4354 :     if (!ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    2950             :             nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, bUseGrid, bAll,
    2951             :             nStepCount, bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj, dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut,
    2952             :             dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut, nSamplePoints, nFailedCount))
    2953             :     {
    2954           0 :         return CE_Failure;
    2955             :     }
    2956             : 
    2957             :     // Use grid sampling as soon as a special point falls into the extent of
    2958             :     // the target raster.
    2959        4354 :     if (!bUseGrid && psOptions->hDstDS)
    2960             :     {
    2961       10562 :         for (const auto &xy : aDstXYSpecialPoints)
    2962             :         {
    2963       13966 :             if (0 <= xy.first &&
    2964         712 :                 GDALGetRasterXSize(psOptions->hDstDS) >= xy.first &&
    2965        7639 :                 0 <= xy.second &&
    2966         300 :                 GDALGetRasterYSize(psOptions->hDstDS) >= xy.second)
    2967             :             {
    2968         227 :                 bUseGrid = true;
    2969         227 :                 bAll = false;
    2970         227 :                 if (!ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    2971             :                         nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, bUseGrid,
    2972             :                         bAll, nStepCount, bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj,
    2973             :                         dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut, dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut,
    2974             :                         nSamplePoints, nFailedCount))
    2975             :                 {
    2976           0 :                     return CE_Failure;
    2977             :                 }
    2978         227 :                 break;
    2979             :             }
    2980             :         }
    2981             :     }
    2982             : 
    2983        4354 :     const int nRasterXSize = GDALGetRasterXSize(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    2984        4354 :     const int nRasterYSize = GDALGetRasterYSize(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    2985             : 
    2986             :     // Try to detect crazy values coming from reprojection that would not
    2987             :     // have resulted in a PROJ error. Could happen for example with PROJ
    2988             :     // <= 4.9.2 with inverse UTM/tmerc (Snyder approximation without sanity
    2989             :     // check) when being far away from the central meridian. But might be worth
    2990             :     // keeping that even for later versions in case some exotic projection isn't
    2991             :     // properly sanitized.
    2992        4289 :     if (nFailedCount == 0 && !bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj &&
    2993        4289 :         (dfMinXOut < -1e6 || dfMinYOut < -1e6 ||
    2994        8647 :          dfMaxXOut > nRasterXSize + 1e6 || dfMaxYOut > nRasterYSize + 1e6) &&
    2995          22 :         !CPLTestBool(CPLGetConfigOption("CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ", "NO")))
    2996             :     {
    2997          22 :         CPLDebug("WARP",
    2998             :                  "ComputeSourceWindow(): bogus source dataset window "
    2999             :                  "returned. Trying again with CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ=YES");
    3000          22 :         bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj = true;
    3001             : 
    3002             :         // We should probably perform the coordinate transformation in the
    3003             :         // warp kernel under CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ too...
    3004          22 :         if (!ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    3005             :                 nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, bUseGrid, bAll,
    3006             :                 nStepCount, bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj, dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut,
    3007             :                 dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut, nSamplePoints, nFailedCount))
    3008             :         {
    3009           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    3010             :         }
    3011             :     }
    3012             : 
    3013             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3014             :     /*      If we got any failures when not using a grid, we should         */
    3015             :     /*      really go back and try again with the grid.  Sorry for the      */
    3016             :     /*      goto.                                                           */
    3017             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3018        4354 :     if (!bUseGrid && nFailedCount > 0)
    3019             :     {
    3020          57 :         bUseGrid = true;
    3021          57 :         bAll = false;
    3022          57 :         if (!ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    3023             :                 nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, bUseGrid, bAll,
    3024             :                 nStepCount, bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj, dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut,
    3025             :                 dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut, nSamplePoints, nFailedCount))
    3026             :         {
    3027           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    3028             :         }
    3029             :     }
    3030             : 
    3031             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3032             :     /*      If we get hardly any points (or none) transforming, we give     */
    3033             :     /*      up.                                                             */
    3034             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3035        4354 :     if (nFailedCount > nSamplePoints - 5)
    3036             :     {
    3037             :         const bool bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow =
    3038          38 :             CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
    3039             :                          "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW", true);
    3040          38 :         if (bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow)
    3041             :         {
    3042           2 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3043             :                      "Too many points (%d out of %d) failed to transform, "
    3044             :                      "unable to compute output bounds.",
    3045             :                      nFailedCount, nSamplePoints);
    3046             :         }
    3047             :         else
    3048             :         {
    3049          36 :             CPLDebug("WARP", "Cannot determine source window for %d,%d,%d,%d",
    3050             :                      nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    3051             :         }
    3052          38 :         return CE_Failure;
    3053             :     }
    3054             : 
    3055        4316 :     if (nFailedCount > 0)
    3056          31 :         CPLDebug("GDAL",
    3057             :                  "GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindow() %d out of %d "
    3058             :                  "points failed to transform.",
    3059             :                  nFailedCount, nSamplePoints);
    3060             : 
    3061             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3062             :     /*   In some cases (see https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/862)       */
    3063             :     /*   the reverse transform does not work at some points, so try by      */
    3064             :     /*   transforming from source raster space to target raster space and   */
    3065             :     /*   see which source coordinates end up being in the AOI in the target */
    3066             :     /*   raster space.                                                      */
    3067             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3068        4316 :     if (bUseGrid)
    3069             :     {
    3070         425 :         ComputeSourceWindowStartingFromSource(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    3071             :                                               nDstYSize, &dfMinXOut, &dfMinYOut,
    3072             :                                               &dfMaxXOut, &dfMaxYOut);
    3073             :     }
    3074             : 
    3075             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3076             :     /*   Early exit to avoid crazy values to cause a huge nResWinSize that  */
    3077             :     /*   would result in a result window wrongly covering the whole raster. */
    3078             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3079        4316 :     if (dfMinXOut > nRasterXSize || dfMaxXOut < 0 || dfMinYOut > nRasterYSize ||
    3080        3710 :         dfMaxYOut < 0)
    3081             :     {
    3082        1008 :         *pnSrcXOff = 0;
    3083        1008 :         *pnSrcYOff = 0;
    3084        1008 :         *pnSrcXSize = 0;
    3085        1008 :         *pnSrcYSize = 0;
    3086        1008 :         if (pdfSrcXExtraSize)
    3087        1008 :             *pdfSrcXExtraSize = 0.0;
    3088        1008 :         if (pdfSrcYExtraSize)
    3089        1008 :             *pdfSrcYExtraSize = 0.0;
    3090        1008 :         if (pdfSrcFillRatio)
    3091         741 :             *pdfSrcFillRatio = 0.0;
    3092        1008 :         return CE_None;
    3093             :     }
    3094             : 
    3095             :     // For scenarios where warping is used as a "decoration", try to clamp
    3096             :     // source pixel coordinates to integer when very close.
    3097       13232 :     const auto roundIfCloseEnough = [](double dfVal)
    3098             :     {
    3099       13232 :         const double dfRounded = std::round(dfVal);
    3100       13232 :         if (std::fabs(dfRounded - dfVal) < 1e-6)
    3101       11017 :             return dfRounded;
    3102        2215 :         return dfVal;
    3103             :     };
    3104             : 
    3105        3308 :     dfMinXOut = roundIfCloseEnough(dfMinXOut);
    3106        3308 :     dfMinYOut = roundIfCloseEnough(dfMinYOut);
    3107        3308 :     dfMaxXOut = roundIfCloseEnough(dfMaxXOut);
    3108        3308 :     dfMaxYOut = roundIfCloseEnough(dfMaxYOut);
    3109             : 
    3110        3308 :     if (m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries)
    3111             :     {
    3112         181 :         CPLAssert(dfMinXOut == std::round(dfMinXOut));
    3113         181 :         CPLAssert(dfMinYOut == std::round(dfMinYOut));
    3114         181 :         CPLAssert(dfMaxXOut == std::round(dfMaxXOut));
    3115         181 :         CPLAssert(dfMaxYOut == std::round(dfMaxYOut));
    3116         181 :         CPLAssert(std::round(dfMaxXOut - dfMinXOut) == nDstXSize);
    3117         181 :         CPLAssert(std::round(dfMaxYOut - dfMinYOut) == nDstYSize);
    3118             :     }
    3119             : 
    3120             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3121             :     /*      How much of a window around our source pixel might we need      */
    3122             :     /*      to collect data from based on the resampling kernel?  Even      */
    3123             :     /*      if the requested central pixel falls off the source image,      */
    3124             :     /*      we may need to collect data if some portion of the              */
    3125             :     /*      resampling kernel could be on-image.                            */
    3126             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3127        3308 :     const int nResWinSize = m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries
    3128        3308 :                                 ? 0
    3129        3127 :                                 : GWKGetFilterRadius(psOptions->eResampleAlg);
    3130             : 
    3131             :     // Take scaling into account.
    3132             :     // Avoid ridiculous small scaling factors to avoid potential further integer
    3133             :     // overflows
    3134        6616 :     const double dfXScale = std::max(1e-3, static_cast<double>(nDstXSize) /
    3135        3308 :                                                (dfMaxXOut - dfMinXOut));
    3136        6616 :     const double dfYScale = std::max(1e-3, static_cast<double>(nDstYSize) /
    3137        3308 :                                                (dfMaxYOut - dfMinYOut));
    3138        3308 :     int nXRadius = dfXScale < 0.95
    3139        3308 :                        ? static_cast<int>(ceil(nResWinSize / dfXScale))
    3140             :                        : nResWinSize;
    3141        3308 :     int nYRadius = dfYScale < 0.95
    3142        3308 :                        ? static_cast<int>(ceil(nResWinSize / dfYScale))
    3143             :                        : nResWinSize;
    3144             : 
    3145             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3146             :     /*      Allow addition of extra sample pixels to source window to       */
    3147             :     /*      avoid missing pixels due to sampling error.  In fact,           */
    3148             :     /*      fallback to adding a bit to the window if any points failed     */
    3149             :     /*      to transform.                                                   */
    3150             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3151        3308 :     if (CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SOURCE_EXTRA") !=
    3152             :         nullptr)
    3153             :     {
    3154         160 :         const int nSrcExtra = atoi(
    3155          80 :             CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SOURCE_EXTRA"));
    3156          80 :         nXRadius += nSrcExtra;
    3157          80 :         nYRadius += nSrcExtra;
    3158             :     }
    3159        3228 :     else if (nFailedCount > 0)
    3160             :     {
    3161          25 :         nXRadius += 10;
    3162          25 :         nYRadius += 10;
    3163             :     }
    3164             : 
    3165             : /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3166             : /*      return bounds.                                                  */
    3167             : /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3168             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    3169             :     CPLDebug("WARP",
    3170             :              "dst=(%d,%d,%d,%d) raw "
    3171             :              "src=(minx=%.17g,miny=%.17g,maxx=%.17g,maxy=%.17g)",
    3172             :              nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut,
    3173             :              dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut);
    3174             : #endif
    3175        3308 :     const int nMinXOutClamped = static_cast<int>(std::max(0.0, dfMinXOut));
    3176        3308 :     const int nMinYOutClamped = static_cast<int>(std::max(0.0, dfMinYOut));
    3177             :     const int nMaxXOutClamped = static_cast<int>(
    3178        3308 :         std::min(ceil(dfMaxXOut), static_cast<double>(nRasterXSize)));
    3179             :     const int nMaxYOutClamped = static_cast<int>(
    3180        3308 :         std::min(ceil(dfMaxYOut), static_cast<double>(nRasterYSize)));
    3181             : 
    3182             :     const double dfSrcXSizeRaw = std::max(
    3183        9924 :         0.0, std::min(static_cast<double>(nRasterXSize - nMinXOutClamped),
    3184        3308 :                       dfMaxXOut - dfMinXOut));
    3185             :     const double dfSrcYSizeRaw = std::max(
    3186        9924 :         0.0, std::min(static_cast<double>(nRasterYSize - nMinYOutClamped),
    3187        3308 :                       dfMaxYOut - dfMinYOut));
    3188             : 
    3189             :     // If we cover more than 90% of the width, then use it fully (helps for
    3190             :     // anti-meridian discontinuities)
    3191        3308 :     if (nMaxXOutClamped - nMinXOutClamped > 0.9 * nRasterXSize)
    3192             :     {
    3193        1267 :         *pnSrcXOff = 0;
    3194        1267 :         *pnSrcXSize = nRasterXSize;
    3195             :     }
    3196             :     else
    3197             :     {
    3198        2041 :         *pnSrcXOff =
    3199        2041 :             std::max(0, std::min(nMinXOutClamped - nXRadius, nRasterXSize));
    3200        2041 :         *pnSrcXSize =
    3201        6123 :             std::max(0, std::min(nRasterXSize - *pnSrcXOff,
    3202        2041 :                                  nMaxXOutClamped - *pnSrcXOff + nXRadius));
    3203             :     }
    3204             : 
    3205        3308 :     if (nMaxYOutClamped - nMinYOutClamped > 0.9 * nRasterYSize)
    3206             :     {
    3207        1149 :         *pnSrcYOff = 0;
    3208        1149 :         *pnSrcYSize = nRasterYSize;
    3209             :     }
    3210             :     else
    3211             :     {
    3212        2159 :         *pnSrcYOff =
    3213        2159 :             std::max(0, std::min(nMinYOutClamped - nYRadius, nRasterYSize));
    3214        2159 :         *pnSrcYSize =
    3215        6477 :             std::max(0, std::min(nRasterYSize - *pnSrcYOff,
    3216        2159 :                                  nMaxYOutClamped - *pnSrcYOff + nYRadius));
    3217             :     }
    3218             : 
    3219        3308 :     if (pdfSrcXExtraSize)
    3220        3308 :         *pdfSrcXExtraSize = *pnSrcXSize - dfSrcXSizeRaw;
    3221        3308 :     if (pdfSrcYExtraSize)
    3222        3308 :         *pdfSrcYExtraSize = *pnSrcYSize - dfSrcYSizeRaw;
    3223             : 
    3224             :     // Computed the ratio of the clamped source raster window size over
    3225             :     // the unclamped source raster window size.
    3226        3308 :     if (pdfSrcFillRatio)
    3227        3115 :         *pdfSrcFillRatio =
    3228        6230 :             static_cast<double>(*pnSrcXSize) * (*pnSrcYSize) /
    3229        3115 :             std::max(1.0, (dfMaxXOut - dfMinXOut + 2 * nXRadius) *
    3230        3115 :                               (dfMaxYOut - dfMinYOut + 2 * nYRadius));
    3231             : 
    3232        3308 :     return CE_None;
    3233             : }
    3234             : 
    3235             : /************************************************************************/
    3236             : /*                            ReportTiming()                            */
    3237             : /************************************************************************/
    3238             : 
    3239        8951 : void GDALWarpOperation::ReportTiming(const char *pszMessage)
    3240             : 
    3241             : {
    3242        8951 :     if (!bReportTimings)
    3243        8951 :         return;
    3244             : 
    3245           0 :     const unsigned long nNewTime = VSITime(nullptr);
    3246             : 
    3247           0 :     if (pszMessage != nullptr)
    3248             :     {
    3249           0 :         CPLDebug("WARP_TIMING", "%s: %lds", pszMessage,
    3250           0 :                  static_cast<long>(nNewTime - nLastTimeReported));
    3251             :     }
    3252             : 
    3253           0 :     nLastTimeReported = nNewTime;
    3254             : }

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