LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - alg - gdalwarpoperation.cpp (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: gdal_filtered.info Lines: 1147 1310 87.6 %
Date: 2026-07-09 08:35:43 Functions: 32 36 88.9 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /******************************************************************************
       2             :  *
       3             :  * Project:  High Performance Image Reprojector
       4             :  * Purpose:  Implementation of the GDALWarpOperation class.
       5             :  * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
       6             :  *
       7             :  ******************************************************************************
       8             :  * Copyright (c) 2003, Frank Warmerdam <warmerdam@pobox.com>
       9             :  * Copyright (c) 2007-2012, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
      10             :  *
      11             :  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      12             :  ****************************************************************************/
      13             : 
      14             : #include "cpl_port.h"
      15             : #include "gdalwarper.h"
      16             : 
      17             : #include <cctype>
      18             : #include <climits>
      19             : #include <cmath>
      20             : #include <cstddef>
      21             : #include <cstdlib>
      22             : #include <cstring>
      23             : 
      24             : #include <algorithm>
      25             : #include <limits>
      26             : #include <map>
      27             : #include <memory>
      28             : #include <mutex>
      29             : 
      30             : #include "cpl_config.h"
      31             : #include "cpl_conv.h"
      32             : #include "cpl_error.h"
      33             : #include "cpl_error_internal.h"
      34             : #include "cpl_mask.h"
      35             : #include "cpl_multiproc.h"
      36             : #include "cpl_string.h"
      37             : #include "cpl_vsi.h"
      38             : #include "gdal.h"
      39             : #include "gdal_priv.h"
      40             : #include "gdal_alg_priv.h"
      41             : #include "ogr_api.h"
      42             : #include "ogr_core.h"
      43             : 
      44             : struct _GDALWarpChunk
      45             : {
      46             :     int dx, dy, dsx, dsy;
      47             :     int sx, sy, ssx, ssy;
      48             :     double sExtraSx, sExtraSy;
      49             : };
      50             : 
      51             : struct GDALWarpPrivateData
      52             : {
      53             :     int nStepCount = 0;
      54             :     std::vector<int> abSuccess{};
      55             :     std::vector<double> adfDstX{};
      56             :     std::vector<double> adfDstY{};
      57             : };
      58             : 
      59             : static std::mutex gMutex{};
      60             : static std::map<GDALWarpOperation *, std::unique_ptr<GDALWarpPrivateData>>
      61             :     gMapPrivate{};
      62             : 
      63             : static GDALWarpPrivateData *
      64        1261 : GetWarpPrivateData(GDALWarpOperation *poWarpOperation)
      65             : {
      66        2522 :     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> oLock(gMutex);
      67        1261 :     auto oItem = gMapPrivate.find(poWarpOperation);
      68        1261 :     if (oItem != gMapPrivate.end())
      69             :     {
      70         949 :         return oItem->second.get();
      71             :     }
      72             :     else
      73             :     {
      74         312 :         gMapPrivate[poWarpOperation] =
      75         624 :             std::unique_ptr<GDALWarpPrivateData>(new GDALWarpPrivateData());
      76         312 :         return gMapPrivate[poWarpOperation].get();
      77             :     }
      78             : }
      79             : 
      80             : /************************************************************************/
      81             : /* ==================================================================== */
      82             : /*                          GDALWarpOperation                           */
      83             : /* ==================================================================== */
      84             : /************************************************************************/
      85             : 
      86             : /**
      87             :  * \class GDALWarpOperation "gdalwarper.h"
      88             :  *
      89             :  * High level image warping class.
      90             : 
      91             : <h2>Warper Design</h2>
      92             : 
      93             : The overall GDAL high performance image warper is split into a few components.
      94             : 
      95             :  - The transformation between input and output file coordinates is handled
      96             : via GDALTransformerFunc() implementations such as the one returned by
      97             : GDALCreateGenImgProjTransformer().  The transformers are ultimately responsible
      98             : for translating pixel/line locations on the destination image to pixel/line
      99             : locations on the source image.
     100             : 
     101             :  - In order to handle images too large to hold in RAM, the warper needs to
     102             : segment large images.  This is the responsibility of the GDALWarpOperation
     103             : class.  The GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage() invokes
     104             : GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion() on chunks of output and input image that
     105             : are small enough to hold in the amount of memory allowed by the application.
     106             : This process is described in greater detail in the <b>Image Chunking</b>
     107             : section.
     108             : 
     109             :  - The GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion() function creates and loads an output
     110             : image buffer, and then calls WarpRegionToBuffer().
     111             : 
     112             :  - GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer() is responsible for loading the
     113             : source imagery corresponding to a particular output region, and generating
     114             : masks and density masks from the source and destination imagery using
     115             : the generator functions found in the GDALWarpOptions structure.  Binds this
     116             : all into an instance of GDALWarpKernel on which the
     117             : GDALWarpKernel::PerformWarp() method is called.
     118             : 
     119             :  - GDALWarpKernel does the actual image warping, but is given an input image
     120             : and an output image to operate on.  The GDALWarpKernel does no IO, and in
     121             : fact knows nothing about GDAL.  It invokes the transformation function to
     122             : get sample locations, builds output values based on the resampling algorithm
     123             : in use.  It also takes any validity and density masks into account during
     124             : this operation.
     125             : 
     126             : <h3>Chunk Size Selection</h3>
     127             : 
     128             : The GDALWarpOptions ChunkAndWarpImage() method is responsible for invoking
     129             : the WarpRegion() method on appropriate sized output chunks such that the
     130             : memory required for the output image buffer, input image buffer and any
     131             : required density and validity buffers is less than or equal to the application
     132             : defined maximum memory available for use.
     133             : 
     134             : It checks the memory required by walking the edges of the output region,
     135             : transforming the locations back into source pixel/line coordinates and
     136             : establishing a bounding rectangle of source imagery that would be required
     137             : for the output area.  This is actually accomplished by the private
     138             : GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindow() method.
     139             : 
     140             : Then memory requirements are used by totaling the memory required for all
     141             : output bands, input bands, validity masks and density masks.  If this is
     142             : greater than the GDALWarpOptions::dfWarpMemoryLimit then the destination
     143             : region is divided in two (splitting the longest dimension), and
     144             : ChunkAndWarpImage() recursively invoked on each destination subregion.
     145             : 
     146             : <h3>Validity and Density Masks Generation</h3>
     147             : 
     148             : Fill in ways in which the validity and density masks may be generated here.
     149             : Note that detailed semantics of the masks should be found in
     150             : GDALWarpKernel.
     151             : */
     152             : 
     153             : /************************************************************************/
     154             : /*                         GDALWarpOperation()                          */
     155             : /************************************************************************/
     156             : 
     157             : GDALWarpOperation::GDALWarpOperation() = default;
     158             : 
     159             : /************************************************************************/
     160             : /*                         ~GDALWarpOperation()                         */
     161             : /************************************************************************/
     162             : 
     163        1831 : GDALWarpOperation::~GDALWarpOperation()
     164             : 
     165             : {
     166             :     {
     167        3662 :         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> oLock(gMutex);
     168        1831 :         auto oItem = gMapPrivate.find(this);
     169        1831 :         if (oItem != gMapPrivate.end())
     170             :         {
     171         312 :             gMapPrivate.erase(oItem);
     172             :         }
     173             :     }
     174             : 
     175        1831 :     WipeOptions();
     176             : 
     177        1831 :     if (hIOMutex != nullptr)
     178             :     {
     179           6 :         CPLDestroyMutex(hIOMutex);
     180           6 :         CPLDestroyMutex(hWarpMutex);
     181             :     }
     182             : 
     183        1831 :     WipeChunkList();
     184        1831 :     if (psThreadData)
     185        1827 :         GWKThreadsEnd(psThreadData);
     186        1831 : }
     187             : 
     188             : /************************************************************************/
     189             : /*                             GetOptions()                             */
     190             : /************************************************************************/
     191             : 
     192             : /** Return warp options */
     193        4372 : const GDALWarpOptions *GDALWarpOperation::GetOptions()
     194             : 
     195             : {
     196        4372 :     return psOptions;
     197             : }
     198             : 
     199             : /************************************************************************/
     200             : /*                            WipeOptions()                             */
     201             : /************************************************************************/
     202             : 
     203        1835 : void GDALWarpOperation::WipeOptions()
     204             : 
     205             : {
     206        1835 :     if (psOptions != nullptr)
     207             :     {
     208        1831 :         GDALDestroyWarpOptions(psOptions);
     209        1831 :         psOptions = nullptr;
     210             :     }
     211        1835 : }
     212             : 
     213             : /************************************************************************/
     214             : /*                          ValidateOptions()                           */
     215             : /************************************************************************/
     216             : 
     217        1831 : int GDALWarpOperation::ValidateOptions()
     218             : 
     219             : {
     220        1831 :     if (psOptions == nullptr)
     221             :     {
     222           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     223             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     224             :                  "no options currently initialized.");
     225           0 :         return FALSE;
     226             :     }
     227             : 
     228        1831 :     if (psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit < 100000.0)
     229             :     {
     230           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     231             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     232             :                  "dfWarpMemoryLimit=%g is unreasonably small.",
     233           0 :                  psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit);
     234           0 :         return FALSE;
     235             :     }
     236             : 
     237        1831 :     if (psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_NearestNeighbour &&
     238        1048 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Bilinear &&
     239         624 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Cubic &&
     240         329 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_CubicSpline &&
     241         265 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Lanczos &&
     242         207 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Average &&
     243         109 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_RMS &&
     244          99 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Mode &&
     245          53 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Max &&
     246          47 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Min &&
     247          42 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Med &&
     248          36 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Q1 &&
     249          26 :         psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Q3 && psOptions->eResampleAlg != GRA_Sum)
     250             :     {
     251           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     252             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     253             :                  "eResampleArg=%d is not a supported value.",
     254           0 :                  psOptions->eResampleAlg);
     255           0 :         return FALSE;
     256             :     }
     257             : 
     258        1831 :     if (static_cast<int>(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) < 1 ||
     259        1831 :         static_cast<int>(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) >= GDT_TypeCount)
     260             :     {
     261           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     262             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     263             :                  "eWorkingDataType=%d is not a supported value.",
     264           0 :                  psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
     265           0 :         return FALSE;
     266             :     }
     267             : 
     268        2084 :     if (GDALDataTypeIsComplex(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) != 0 &&
     269         253 :         (psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Max ||
     270         253 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Min ||
     271         253 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Med ||
     272         253 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Q1 ||
     273         253 :          psOptions->eResampleAlg == GRA_Q3))
     274             :     {
     275             : 
     276           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
     277             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     278             :                  "min/max/qnt not supported for complex valued data.");
     279           0 :         return FALSE;
     280             :     }
     281             : 
     282        1831 :     if (psOptions->hSrcDS == nullptr)
     283             :     {
     284           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     285             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     286             :                  "hSrcDS is not set.");
     287           0 :         return FALSE;
     288             :     }
     289             : 
     290        1831 :     if (psOptions->nBandCount == 0)
     291             :     {
     292           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     293             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     294             :                  "nBandCount=0, no bands configured!");
     295           0 :         return FALSE;
     296             :     }
     297             : 
     298        1831 :     if (psOptions->panSrcBands == nullptr)
     299             :     {
     300           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     301             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     302             :                  "panSrcBands is NULL.");
     303           0 :         return FALSE;
     304             :     }
     305             : 
     306        1831 :     if (psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr && psOptions->panDstBands == nullptr)
     307             :     {
     308           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     309             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     310             :                  "panDstBands is NULL.");
     311           0 :         return FALSE;
     312             :     }
     313             : 
     314        4509 :     for (int iBand = 0; iBand < psOptions->nBandCount; iBand++)
     315             :     {
     316        5356 :         if (psOptions->panSrcBands[iBand] < 1 ||
     317        2678 :             psOptions->panSrcBands[iBand] >
     318        2678 :                 GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS))
     319             :         {
     320           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     321             :                      "panSrcBands[%d] = %d ... out of range for dataset.",
     322           0 :                      iBand, psOptions->panSrcBands[iBand]);
     323           0 :             return FALSE;
     324             :         }
     325        5343 :         if (psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr &&
     326        2665 :             (psOptions->panDstBands[iBand] < 1 ||
     327        2665 :              psOptions->panDstBands[iBand] >
     328        2665 :                  GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hDstDS)))
     329             :         {
     330           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     331             :                      "panDstBands[%d] = %d ... out of range for dataset.",
     332           0 :                      iBand, psOptions->panDstBands[iBand]);
     333           0 :             return FALSE;
     334             :         }
     335             : 
     336        5343 :         if (psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr &&
     337        2665 :             GDALGetRasterAccess(GDALGetRasterBand(
     338        2665 :                 psOptions->hDstDS, psOptions->panDstBands[iBand])) ==
     339             :                 GA_ReadOnly)
     340             :         {
     341           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     342             :                      "Destination band %d appears to be read-only.",
     343           0 :                      psOptions->panDstBands[iBand]);
     344           0 :             return FALSE;
     345             :         }
     346             :     }
     347             : 
     348        1831 :     if (psOptions->nBandCount == 0)
     349             :     {
     350           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     351             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     352             :                  "nBandCount=0, no bands configured!");
     353           0 :         return FALSE;
     354             :     }
     355             : 
     356        1831 :     if (psOptions->pfnProgress == nullptr)
     357             :     {
     358           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     359             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     360             :                  "pfnProgress is NULL.");
     361           0 :         return FALSE;
     362             :     }
     363             : 
     364        1831 :     if (psOptions->pfnTransformer == nullptr)
     365             :     {
     366           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     367             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     368             :                  "pfnTransformer is NULL.");
     369           0 :         return FALSE;
     370             :     }
     371             : 
     372             :     {
     373        3662 :         CPLStringList aosWO(CSLDuplicate(psOptions->papszWarpOptions));
     374             :         // A few internal/undocumented options
     375        1831 :         aosWO.SetNameValue("EXTRA_ELTS", nullptr);
     376        1831 :         aosWO.SetNameValue("USE_GENERAL_CASE", nullptr);
     377        1831 :         aosWO.SetNameValue("ERROR_THRESHOLD", nullptr);
     378        1831 :         aosWO.SetNameValue("ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW", nullptr);
     379        1831 :         aosWO.SetNameValue("MULT_FACTOR_VERTICAL_SHIFT_PIPELINE", nullptr);
     380        1831 :         aosWO.SetNameValue("SRC_FILL_RATIO_HEURISTICS", nullptr);
     381        1831 :         GDALValidateOptions(nullptr, GDALWarpGetOptionList(), aosWO.List(),
     382             :                             "option", "warp options");
     383             :     }
     384             : 
     385             :     const char *pszSampleSteps =
     386        1831 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_STEPS");
     387        1831 :     if (pszSampleSteps)
     388             :     {
     389           8 :         if (!EQUAL(pszSampleSteps, "ALL") && atoi(pszSampleSteps) < 2)
     390             :         {
     391           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     392             :                      "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     393             :                      "SAMPLE_STEPS warp option has illegal value.");
     394           0 :             return FALSE;
     395             :         }
     396             :     }
     397             : 
     398        1831 :     if (psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0)
     399             :     {
     400         214 :         if (psOptions->hSrcDS == nullptr ||
     401         107 :             psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS))
     402             :         {
     403           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     404             :                      "nSrcAlphaBand = %d ... out of range for dataset.",
     405           0 :                      psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand);
     406           0 :             return FALSE;
     407             :         }
     408             :     }
     409             : 
     410        1831 :     if (psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0)
     411             :     {
     412         808 :         if (psOptions->hDstDS == nullptr ||
     413         404 :             psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hDstDS))
     414             :         {
     415           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     416             :                      "nDstAlphaBand = %d ... out of range for dataset.",
     417           0 :                      psOptions->nDstAlphaBand);
     418           0 :             return FALSE;
     419             :         }
     420             :     }
     421             : 
     422        1831 :     if (psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0 &&
     423         107 :         psOptions->pfnSrcDensityMaskFunc != nullptr)
     424             :     {
     425           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     426             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     427             :                  "pfnSrcDensityMaskFunc provided as well as a SrcAlphaBand.");
     428           0 :         return FALSE;
     429             :     }
     430             : 
     431        1831 :     if (psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0 &&
     432         404 :         psOptions->pfnDstDensityMaskFunc != nullptr)
     433             :     {
     434           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     435             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     436             :                  "pfnDstDensityMaskFunc provided as well as a DstAlphaBand.");
     437           0 :         return FALSE;
     438             :     }
     439             : 
     440             :     GDALRasterBandH hSrcBand =
     441        1831 :         GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hSrcDS, psOptions->panSrcBands[0]);
     442        1833 :     if (GDALGetMaskFlags(hSrcBand) == GMF_PER_DATASET &&
     443           2 :         psOptions->padfSrcNoDataReal != nullptr)
     444             :     {
     445           1 :         CPLError(
     446             :             CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
     447             :             "Source dataset has both a per-dataset mask band and the warper "
     448             :             "has been also configured with a source nodata value. Only taking "
     449             :             "into account the latter (i.e. ignoring the per-dataset mask "
     450             :             "band)");
     451             :     }
     452             : 
     453        3662 :     const bool bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow = CPLFetchBool(
     454        1831 :         psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW", true);
     455        2219 :     if (!bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow &&
     456         388 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "INIT_DEST") == nullptr)
     457             :     {
     458           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     459             :                  "GDALWarpOptions.Validate(): "
     460             :                  "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW=FALSE can only be used "
     461             :                  "if INIT_DEST is set");
     462           0 :         return FALSE;
     463             :     }
     464             : 
     465        1831 :     return TRUE;
     466             : }
     467             : 
     468             : /************************************************************************/
     469             : /*                            SetAlphaMax()                             */
     470             : /************************************************************************/
     471             : 
     472         510 : static void SetAlphaMax(GDALWarpOptions *psOptions, GDALRasterBandH hBand,
     473             :                         const char *pszKey)
     474             : {
     475             :     const char *pszNBits =
     476         510 :         GDALGetMetadataItem(hBand, GDALMD_NBITS, GDAL_MDD_IMAGE_STRUCTURE);
     477         510 :     const char *pszAlphaMax = nullptr;
     478         510 :     if (pszNBits)
     479             :     {
     480           4 :         pszAlphaMax = CPLSPrintf("%u", (1U << atoi(pszNBits)) - 1U);
     481             :     }
     482         506 :     else if (GDALGetRasterDataType(hBand) == GDT_Int16)
     483             :     {
     484          20 :         pszAlphaMax = "32767";
     485             :     }
     486         486 :     else if (GDALGetRasterDataType(hBand) == GDT_UInt16)
     487             :     {
     488          22 :         pszAlphaMax = "65535";
     489             :     }
     490             : 
     491         510 :     if (pszAlphaMax != nullptr)
     492          46 :         psOptions->papszWarpOptions =
     493          46 :             CSLSetNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, pszKey, pszAlphaMax);
     494             :     else
     495         464 :         CPLDebug("WARP", "SetAlphaMax: AlphaMax not set.");
     496         510 : }
     497             : 
     498             : /************************************************************************/
     499             : /*                           SetTieStrategy()                           */
     500             : /************************************************************************/
     501             : 
     502        1831 : static void SetTieStrategy(GDALWarpOptions *psOptions, CPLErr *peErr)
     503             : {
     504        1831 :     if (const char *pszTieStrategy =
     505        1831 :             CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "MODE_TIES"))
     506             :     {
     507          14 :         if (EQUAL(pszTieStrategy, "FIRST"))
     508             :         {
     509           4 :             psOptions->eTieStrategy = GWKTS_First;
     510             :         }
     511          10 :         else if (EQUAL(pszTieStrategy, "MIN"))
     512             :         {
     513           4 :             psOptions->eTieStrategy = GWKTS_Min;
     514             :         }
     515           6 :         else if (EQUAL(pszTieStrategy, "MAX"))
     516             :         {
     517           4 :             psOptions->eTieStrategy = GWKTS_Max;
     518             :         }
     519             :         else
     520             :         {
     521           2 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     522             :                      "Unknown value of MODE_TIES: %s", pszTieStrategy);
     523           2 :             *peErr = CE_Failure;
     524             :         }
     525             :     }
     526        1831 : }
     527             : 
     528             : /************************************************************************/
     529             : /*                             Initialize()                             */
     530             : /************************************************************************/
     531             : 
     532             : /**
     533             :  * \fn CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::Initialize( const GDALWarpOptions * );
     534             :  *
     535             :  * This method initializes the GDALWarpOperation's concept of the warp
     536             :  * options in effect.  It creates an internal copy of the GDALWarpOptions
     537             :  * structure and defaults a variety of additional fields in the internal
     538             :  * copy if not set in the provided warp options.
     539             :  *
     540             :  * Defaulting operations include:
     541             :  *  - If the nBandCount is 0, it will be set to the number of bands in the
     542             :  *    source image (which must match the output image) and the panSrcBands
     543             :  *    and panDstBands will be populated.
     544             :  *
     545             :  * @param psNewOptions input set of warp options.  These are copied and may
     546             :  * be destroyed after this call by the application.
     547             :  * @param pfnTransformer Transformer function that this GDALWarpOperation must use
     548             :  * and own, or NULL. When pfnTransformer is not NULL, this implies that
     549             :  * psNewOptions->pfnTransformer is NULL
     550             :  * @param psOwnedTransformerArg Transformer argument that this GDALWarpOperation
     551             :  * must use, and own, or NULL. When psOwnedTransformerArg is set, this implies that
     552             :  * psNewOptions->pTransformerArg is NULL
     553             :  *
     554             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
     555             :  */
     556             : 
     557             : CPLErr
     558        1831 : GDALWarpOperation::Initialize(const GDALWarpOptions *psNewOptions,
     559             :                               GDALTransformerFunc pfnTransformer,
     560             :                               GDALTransformerArgUniquePtr psOwnedTransformerArg)
     561             : 
     562             : {
     563             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     564             :     /*      Copy the passed in options.                                     */
     565             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     566        1831 :     if (psOptions != nullptr)
     567           0 :         WipeOptions();
     568             : 
     569        1831 :     CPLErr eErr = CE_None;
     570             : 
     571        1831 :     psOptions = GDALCloneWarpOptions(psNewOptions);
     572             : 
     573        1831 :     if (psOptions->pfnTransformer)
     574             :     {
     575         854 :         CPLAssert(pfnTransformer == nullptr);
     576         854 :         CPLAssert(psOwnedTransformerArg.get() == nullptr);
     577             :     }
     578             :     else
     579             :     {
     580         977 :         m_psOwnedTransformerArg = std::move(psOwnedTransformerArg);
     581         977 :         psOptions->pfnTransformer = pfnTransformer;
     582         977 :         psOptions->pTransformerArg = m_psOwnedTransformerArg.get();
     583             :     }
     584             : 
     585        3662 :     psOptions->papszWarpOptions =
     586        1831 :         CSLSetNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "EXTRA_ELTS",
     587             :                         CPLSPrintf("%d", WARP_EXTRA_ELTS));
     588             : 
     589             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     590             :     /*      Default band mapping if missing.                                */
     591             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     592           0 :     if (psOptions->nBandCount == 0 && psOptions->hSrcDS != nullptr &&
     593        1831 :         psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr &&
     594           0 :         GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS) ==
     595           0 :             GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hDstDS))
     596             :     {
     597           0 :         GDALWarpInitDefaultBandMapping(psOptions,
     598           0 :                                        GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS));
     599             :     }
     600             : 
     601        1831 :     GDALWarpResolveWorkingDataType(psOptions);
     602        1831 :     SetTieStrategy(psOptions, &eErr);
     603             : 
     604             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     605             :     /*      Default memory available.                                       */
     606             :     /*                                                                      */
     607             :     /*      For now we default to 64MB of RAM, but eventually we should     */
     608             :     /*      try various schemes to query physical RAM.  This can            */
     609             :     /*      certainly be done on Win32 and Linux.                           */
     610             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     611        1831 :     if (psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit == 0.0)
     612             :     {
     613        1622 :         psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit = 64.0 * 1024 * 1024;
     614             :     }
     615             : 
     616             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     617             :     /*      Are we doing timings?                                           */
     618             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     619        1831 :     bReportTimings =
     620        1831 :         CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "REPORT_TIMINGS", false);
     621             : 
     622             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     623             :     /*      Support creating cutline from text warpoption.                  */
     624             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     625             :     const char *pszCutlineWKT =
     626        1831 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "CUTLINE");
     627             : 
     628        1831 :     if (pszCutlineWKT && psOptions->hCutline == nullptr)
     629             :     {
     630          44 :         char *pszWKTTmp = const_cast<char *>(pszCutlineWKT);
     631          88 :         if (OGR_G_CreateFromWkt(&pszWKTTmp, nullptr,
     632             :                                 reinterpret_cast<OGRGeometryH *>(
     633          44 :                                     &(psOptions->hCutline))) != OGRERR_NONE)
     634             :         {
     635           2 :             eErr = CE_Failure;
     636           2 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     637             :                      "Failed to parse CUTLINE geometry wkt.");
     638             :         }
     639             :     }
     640             :     const char *pszBD =
     641        1831 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "CUTLINE_BLEND_DIST");
     642        1831 :     if (pszBD)
     643           0 :         psOptions->dfCutlineBlendDist = CPLAtof(pszBD);
     644             : 
     645             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     646             :     /*      Set SRC_ALPHA_MAX if not provided.                              */
     647             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     648        1831 :     if (psOptions->hSrcDS != nullptr && psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0 &&
     649        3769 :         psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand <= GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hSrcDS) &&
     650         107 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SRC_ALPHA_MAX") ==
     651             :             nullptr)
     652             :     {
     653             :         GDALRasterBandH hSrcAlphaBand =
     654         107 :             GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hSrcDS, psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand);
     655         107 :         SetAlphaMax(psOptions, hSrcAlphaBand, "SRC_ALPHA_MAX");
     656             :     }
     657             : 
     658             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     659             :     /*      Set DST_ALPHA_MAX if not provided.                              */
     660             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     661        1818 :     if (psOptions->hDstDS != nullptr && psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0 &&
     662        4053 :         psOptions->nDstAlphaBand <= GDALGetRasterCount(psOptions->hDstDS) &&
     663         404 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "DST_ALPHA_MAX") ==
     664             :             nullptr)
     665             :     {
     666             :         GDALRasterBandH hDstAlphaBand =
     667         403 :             GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hDstDS, psOptions->nDstAlphaBand);
     668         403 :         SetAlphaMax(psOptions, hDstAlphaBand, "DST_ALPHA_MAX");
     669             :     }
     670             : 
     671             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     672             :     /*      If the options don't validate, then wipe them.                  */
     673             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     674        1831 :     if (!ValidateOptions())
     675           0 :         eErr = CE_Failure;
     676             : 
     677        1831 :     if (eErr != CE_None)
     678             :     {
     679           4 :         WipeOptions();
     680             :     }
     681             :     else
     682             :     {
     683        3654 :         psThreadData = GWKThreadsCreate(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
     684        1827 :                                         psOptions->pfnTransformer,
     685        1827 :                                         psOptions->pTransformerArg);
     686        1827 :         if (psThreadData == nullptr)
     687           0 :             eErr = CE_Failure;
     688             : 
     689             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     690             :          */
     691             :         /*      Compute dstcoordinates of a few special points. */
     692             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     693             :          */
     694             : 
     695             :         // South and north poles. Do not exactly take +/-90 as the
     696             :         // round-tripping of the longitude value fails with some projections.
     697        5481 :         for (double dfY : {-89.9999, 89.9999})
     698             :         {
     699        3654 :             double dfX = 0;
     700        3654 :             if ((GDALIsTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg,
     701        3034 :                                    GDAL_APPROX_TRANSFORMER_CLASS_NAME) &&
     702        3034 :                  GDALTransformLonLatToDestApproxTransformer(
     703        7308 :                      psOptions->pTransformerArg, &dfX, &dfY)) ||
     704        2090 :                 (GDALIsTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg,
     705         314 :                                    GDAL_GEN_IMG_TRANSFORMER_CLASS_NAME) &&
     706         314 :                  GDALTransformLonLatToDestGenImgProjTransformer(
     707         314 :                      psOptions->pTransformerArg, &dfX, &dfY)))
     708             :             {
     709             :                 aDstXYSpecialPoints.emplace_back(
     710        1620 :                     std::pair<double, double>(dfX, dfY));
     711             :             }
     712             :         }
     713             : 
     714        1827 :         m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries =
     715        3654 :             GDALTransformIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries(
     716        2090 :                 psOptions->pfnTransformer, psOptions->pTransformerArg) &&
     717         263 :             CPLTestBool(
     718             :                 CPLGetConfigOption("GDAL_WARP_USE_TRANSLATION_OPTIM", "YES"));
     719        1827 :         if (m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries)
     720             :         {
     721         257 :             CPLDebug("WARP",
     722             :                      "Using translation-on-pixel-boundaries optimization");
     723             :         }
     724             :     }
     725             : 
     726        1831 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->hDstDS)
     727             :     {
     728             :         const auto oResetDestPixels =
     729             :             cpl::strict_parse<bool>(CSLFetchNameValueDef(
     730        1814 :                 psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "RESET_DEST_PIXELS", "NO"));
     731             : 
     732        1814 :         if (!oResetDestPixels.has_value())
     733             :         {
     734           1 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_IllegalArg,
     735             :                      "Invalid value of RESET_DEST_PIXELS");
     736           1 :             return CE_Failure;
     737             :         }
     738             : 
     739        1813 :         if (oResetDestPixels.value())
     740             :         {
     741           4 :             for (int i = 0; eErr == CE_None && i < psOptions->nBandCount; ++i)
     742             :             {
     743           2 :                 eErr =
     744           5 :                     GDALFillRaster(GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hDstDS,
     745           2 :                                                      psOptions->panDstBands[i]),
     746           2 :                                    psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal
     747           1 :                                        ? psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal[i]
     748             :                                        : 0.0,
     749           2 :                                    psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag
     750           0 :                                        ? psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag[i]
     751             :                                        : 0.0);
     752             :             }
     753             :         }
     754             :     }
     755             : 
     756        1830 :     return eErr;
     757             : }
     758             : 
     759             : /**
     760             :  * \fn void* GDALWarpOperation::CreateDestinationBuffer(
     761             :             int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int *pbInitialized);
     762             :  *
     763             :  * This method creates a destination buffer for use with WarpRegionToBuffer.
     764             :  * The output is initialized based on the INIT_DEST settings.
     765             :  *
     766             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination buffer to be produced.
     767             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination buffer to be
     768             :  produced.
     769             :  * @param pbInitialized Filled with boolean indicating if the buffer was
     770             :  initialized.
     771             :  *
     772             :  * @return Buffer capable for use as a warp operation output destination
     773             :  */
     774        3386 : void *GDALWarpOperation::CreateDestinationBuffer(int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize,
     775             :                                                  int *pbInitialized)
     776             : {
     777             : 
     778             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     779             :     /*      Allocate block of memory large enough to hold all the bands     */
     780             :     /*      for this block.                                                 */
     781             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     782        3386 :     const int nWordSize = GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
     783             : 
     784        3386 :     void *pDstBuffer = VSI_MALLOC3_VERBOSE(
     785             :         cpl::fits_on<int>(nWordSize * psOptions->nBandCount), nDstXSize,
     786             :         nDstYSize);
     787        3386 :     if (pDstBuffer)
     788             :     {
     789        3386 :         auto eErr = InitializeDestinationBuffer(pDstBuffer, nDstXSize,
     790             :                                                 nDstYSize, pbInitialized);
     791        3386 :         if (eErr != CE_None)
     792             :         {
     793           2 :             CPLFree(pDstBuffer);
     794           2 :             return nullptr;
     795             :         }
     796             :     }
     797        3384 :     return pDstBuffer;
     798             : }
     799             : 
     800             : /**
     801             :  * This method initializes a destination buffer for use with WarpRegionToBuffer.
     802             :  *
     803             :  * It is initialized based on the INIT_DEST settings.
     804             :  *
     805             :  * This method is called by CreateDestinationBuffer().
     806             :  * It is meant at being used by callers that have already allocated the
     807             :  * destination buffer without using CreateDestinationBuffer().
     808             :  *
     809             :  * @param pDstBuffer Buffer of size
     810             :  *                   GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) *
     811             :  *                   nDstXSize * nDstYSize * psOptions->nBandCount bytes.
     812             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination buffer to be produced.
     813             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination buffer to be
     814             :  *                  produced.
     815             :  * @param pbInitialized Filled with boolean indicating if the buffer was
     816             :  *                      initialized.
     817             :  * @since 3.10
     818             :  */
     819        3485 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::InitializeDestinationBuffer(void *pDstBuffer,
     820             :                                                       int nDstXSize,
     821             :                                                       int nDstYSize,
     822             :                                                       int *pbInitialized) const
     823             : {
     824        3485 :     const int nWordSize = GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
     825             : 
     826        3485 :     const GPtrDiff_t nBandSize =
     827        3485 :         static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nWordSize) * nDstXSize * nDstYSize;
     828             : 
     829             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     830             :     /*      Initialize if requested in the options */
     831             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     832             :     const char *pszInitDest =
     833        3485 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "INIT_DEST");
     834             : 
     835        3485 :     if (pszInitDest == nullptr || EQUAL(pszInitDest, ""))
     836             :     {
     837         384 :         if (pbInitialized != nullptr)
     838             :         {
     839         384 :             *pbInitialized = FALSE;
     840             :         }
     841         384 :         return CE_None;
     842             :     }
     843             : 
     844        3101 :     if (pbInitialized != nullptr)
     845             :     {
     846        1938 :         *pbInitialized = TRUE;
     847             :     }
     848             : 
     849             :     CPLStringList aosInitValues(
     850        6202 :         CSLTokenizeStringComplex(pszInitDest, ",", FALSE, FALSE));
     851        3101 :     const int nInitCount = aosInitValues.Count();
     852             : 
     853        8306 :     for (int iBand = 0; iBand < psOptions->nBandCount; iBand++)
     854             :     {
     855        5207 :         double adfInitRealImag[2] = {0.0, 0.0};
     856             :         const char *pszBandInit =
     857        5207 :             aosInitValues[std::min(iBand, nInitCount - 1)];
     858             : 
     859        5207 :         if (EQUAL(pszBandInit, "NO_DATA"))
     860             :         {
     861         709 :             if (psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal == nullptr)
     862             :             {
     863           1 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     864             :                          "INIT_DEST was set to NO_DATA, but a NoData value was "
     865             :                          "not defined.");
     866             :             }
     867             :             else
     868             :             {
     869         708 :                 adfInitRealImag[0] = psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal[iBand];
     870         708 :                 if (psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag != nullptr)
     871             :                 {
     872         601 :                     adfInitRealImag[1] = psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag[iBand];
     873             :                 }
     874             :             }
     875             :         }
     876             :         else
     877             :         {
     878        4498 :             if (CPLStringToComplex(pszBandInit, &adfInitRealImag[0],
     879        4498 :                                    &adfInitRealImag[1]) != CE_None)
     880             :             {
     881           2 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     882             :                          "Error parsing INIT_DEST");
     883           2 :                 return CE_Failure;
     884             :             }
     885             :         }
     886             : 
     887        5205 :         GByte *pBandData = static_cast<GByte *>(pDstBuffer) + iBand * nBandSize;
     888             : 
     889        5205 :         if (psOptions->eWorkingDataType == GDT_UInt8)
     890             :         {
     891        9112 :             memset(pBandData,
     892             :                    std::max(
     893        4556 :                        0, std::min(255, static_cast<int>(adfInitRealImag[0]))),
     894             :                    nBandSize);
     895             :         }
     896        1293 :         else if (!std::isnan(adfInitRealImag[0]) && adfInitRealImag[0] == 0.0 &&
     897        1293 :                  !std::isnan(adfInitRealImag[1]) && adfInitRealImag[1] == 0.0)
     898             :         {
     899         559 :             memset(pBandData, 0, nBandSize);
     900             :         }
     901          90 :         else if (!std::isnan(adfInitRealImag[1]) && adfInitRealImag[1] == 0.0)
     902             :         {
     903          90 :             GDALCopyWords64(&adfInitRealImag, GDT_Float64, 0, pBandData,
     904          90 :                             psOptions->eWorkingDataType, nWordSize,
     905          90 :                             static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nDstXSize) * nDstYSize);
     906             :         }
     907             :         else
     908             :         {
     909           0 :             GDALCopyWords64(&adfInitRealImag, GDT_CFloat64, 0, pBandData,
     910           0 :                             psOptions->eWorkingDataType, nWordSize,
     911           0 :                             static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nDstXSize) * nDstYSize);
     912             :         }
     913             :     }
     914             : 
     915        3099 :     return CE_None;
     916             : }
     917             : 
     918             : /**
     919             :  * \fn void GDALWarpOperation::DestroyDestinationBuffer( void *pDstBuffer )
     920             :  *
     921             :  * This method destroys a buffer previously retrieved from
     922             :  * CreateDestinationBuffer
     923             :  *
     924             :  * @param pDstBuffer destination buffer to be destroyed
     925             :  *
     926             :  */
     927        3384 : void GDALWarpOperation::DestroyDestinationBuffer(void *pDstBuffer)
     928             : {
     929        3384 :     VSIFree(pDstBuffer);
     930        3384 : }
     931             : 
     932             : /************************************************************************/
     933             : /*                      GDALCreateWarpOperation()                       */
     934             : /************************************************************************/
     935             : 
     936             : /**
     937             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::Initialize()
     938             :  */
     939             : 
     940         149 : GDALWarpOperationH GDALCreateWarpOperation(const GDALWarpOptions *psNewOptions)
     941             : {
     942         149 :     GDALWarpOperation *poOperation = new GDALWarpOperation;
     943         149 :     if (poOperation->Initialize(psNewOptions) != CE_None)
     944             :     {
     945           0 :         delete poOperation;
     946           0 :         return nullptr;
     947             :     }
     948             : 
     949         149 :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperationH>(poOperation);
     950             : }
     951             : 
     952             : /************************************************************************/
     953             : /*                      GDALDestroyWarpOperation()                      */
     954             : /************************************************************************/
     955             : 
     956             : /**
     957             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::~GDALWarpOperation()
     958             :  */
     959             : 
     960         149 : void GDALDestroyWarpOperation(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation)
     961             : {
     962         149 :     if (hOperation)
     963         149 :         delete static_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation);
     964         149 : }
     965             : 
     966             : /************************************************************************/
     967             : /*                          CollectChunkList()                          */
     968             : /************************************************************************/
     969             : 
     970        1226 : void GDALWarpOperation::CollectChunkList(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
     971             :                                          int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
     972             : 
     973             : {
     974             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     975             :     /*      Collect the list of chunks to operate on.                       */
     976             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     977        1226 :     WipeChunkList();
     978        1226 :     CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
     979             : 
     980             :     // Sort chunks from top to bottom, and for equal y, from left to right.
     981        1226 :     if (nChunkListCount > 1)
     982             :     {
     983          56 :         std::sort(pasChunkList, pasChunkList + nChunkListCount,
     984        7201 :                   [](const GDALWarpChunk &a, const GDALWarpChunk &b)
     985             :                   {
     986        7201 :                       if (a.dy < b.dy)
     987        3220 :                           return true;
     988        3981 :                       if (a.dy > b.dy)
     989        1415 :                           return false;
     990        2566 :                       return a.dx < b.dx;
     991             :                   });
     992             :     }
     993             : 
     994             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     995             :     /*      Find the global source window.                                  */
     996             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     997             : 
     998        1226 :     const int knIntMax = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
     999        1226 :     const int knIntMin = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
    1000        1226 :     int nSrcXOff = knIntMax;
    1001        1226 :     int nSrcYOff = knIntMax;
    1002        1226 :     int nSrcX2Off = knIntMin;
    1003        1226 :     int nSrcY2Off = knIntMin;
    1004        1226 :     double dfApproxAccArea = 0;
    1005        3548 :     for (int iChunk = 0; pasChunkList != nullptr && iChunk < nChunkListCount;
    1006             :          iChunk++)
    1007             :     {
    1008        2322 :         GDALWarpChunk *pasThisChunk = pasChunkList + iChunk;
    1009        2322 :         nSrcXOff = std::min(nSrcXOff, pasThisChunk->sx);
    1010        2322 :         nSrcYOff = std::min(nSrcYOff, pasThisChunk->sy);
    1011        2322 :         nSrcX2Off = std::max(nSrcX2Off, pasThisChunk->sx + pasThisChunk->ssx);
    1012        2322 :         nSrcY2Off = std::max(nSrcY2Off, pasThisChunk->sy + pasThisChunk->ssy);
    1013        2322 :         dfApproxAccArea +=
    1014        2322 :             static_cast<double>(pasThisChunk->ssx) * pasThisChunk->ssy;
    1015             :     }
    1016        1226 :     if (nSrcXOff < nSrcX2Off)
    1017             :     {
    1018        1218 :         const double dfTotalArea =
    1019        1218 :             static_cast<double>(nSrcX2Off - nSrcXOff) * (nSrcY2Off - nSrcYOff);
    1020             :         // This is really a gross heuristics, but should work in most cases
    1021        1218 :         if (dfApproxAccArea >= dfTotalArea * 0.80)
    1022             :         {
    1023        1218 :             GDALDataset::FromHandle(psOptions->hSrcDS)
    1024        1218 :                 ->AdviseRead(nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcX2Off - nSrcXOff,
    1025             :                              nSrcY2Off - nSrcYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1026        1218 :                              psOptions->eWorkingDataType, psOptions->nBandCount,
    1027        1218 :                              psOptions->panSrcBands, nullptr);
    1028             :         }
    1029             :     }
    1030        1226 : }
    1031             : 
    1032             : /************************************************************************/
    1033             : /*                         ChunkAndWarpImage()                          */
    1034             : /************************************************************************/
    1035             : 
    1036             : /**
    1037             :  * \fn CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage(
    1038             :                 int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,  int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize );
    1039             :  *
    1040             :  * This method does a complete warp of the source image to the destination
    1041             :  * image for the indicated region with the current warp options in effect.
    1042             :  * Progress is reported to the installed progress monitor, if any.
    1043             :  *
    1044             :  * This function will subdivide the region and recursively call itself
    1045             :  * until the total memory required to process a region chunk will all fit
    1046             :  * in the memory pool defined by GDALWarpOptions::dfWarpMemoryLimit.
    1047             :  *
    1048             :  * Once an appropriate region is selected GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion()
    1049             :  * is invoked to do the actual work.
    1050             :  *
    1051             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1052             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1053             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1054             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1055             :  *
    1056             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1057             :  */
    1058             : 
    1059        1220 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
    1060             :                                             int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1061             : 
    1062             : {
    1063             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1064             :     /*      Collect the list of chunks to operate on.                       */
    1065             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1066        1220 :     CollectChunkList(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1067             : 
    1068             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1069             :     /*      Total up output pixels to process.                              */
    1070             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1071        1220 :     double dfTotalPixels = 0.0;
    1072             : 
    1073        3531 :     for (int iChunk = 0; pasChunkList != nullptr && iChunk < nChunkListCount;
    1074             :          iChunk++)
    1075             :     {
    1076        2311 :         GDALWarpChunk *pasThisChunk = pasChunkList + iChunk;
    1077        2311 :         const double dfChunkPixels =
    1078        2311 :             pasThisChunk->dsx * static_cast<double>(pasThisChunk->dsy);
    1079             : 
    1080        2311 :         dfTotalPixels += dfChunkPixels;
    1081             :     }
    1082             : 
    1083             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1084             :     /*      Process them one at a time, updating the progress               */
    1085             :     /*      information for each region.                                    */
    1086             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1087        1220 :     double dfPixelsProcessed = 0.0;
    1088             : 
    1089        3525 :     for (int iChunk = 0; pasChunkList != nullptr && iChunk < nChunkListCount;
    1090             :          iChunk++)
    1091             :     {
    1092        2311 :         GDALWarpChunk *pasThisChunk = pasChunkList + iChunk;
    1093        2311 :         const double dfChunkPixels =
    1094        2311 :             pasThisChunk->dsx * static_cast<double>(pasThisChunk->dsy);
    1095             : 
    1096        2311 :         const double dfProgressBase = dfPixelsProcessed / dfTotalPixels;
    1097        2311 :         const double dfProgressScale = dfChunkPixels / dfTotalPixels;
    1098             : 
    1099        2311 :         CPLErr eErr = WarpRegion(
    1100             :             pasThisChunk->dx, pasThisChunk->dy, pasThisChunk->dsx,
    1101             :             pasThisChunk->dsy, pasThisChunk->sx, pasThisChunk->sy,
    1102             :             pasThisChunk->ssx, pasThisChunk->ssy, pasThisChunk->sExtraSx,
    1103             :             pasThisChunk->sExtraSy, dfProgressBase, dfProgressScale);
    1104             : 
    1105        2311 :         if (eErr != CE_None)
    1106           6 :             return eErr;
    1107             : 
    1108        2305 :         dfPixelsProcessed += dfChunkPixels;
    1109             :     }
    1110             : 
    1111        1214 :     WipeChunkList();
    1112             : 
    1113        1214 :     psOptions->pfnProgress(1.0, "", psOptions->pProgressArg);
    1114             : 
    1115        1214 :     return CE_None;
    1116             : }
    1117             : 
    1118             : /************************************************************************/
    1119             : /*                       GDALChunkAndWarpImage()                        */
    1120             : /************************************************************************/
    1121             : 
    1122             : /**
    1123             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpImage()
    1124             :  */
    1125             : 
    1126         149 : CPLErr GDALChunkAndWarpImage(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation, int nDstXOff,
    1127             :                              int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1128             : {
    1129         149 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(hOperation, "GDALChunkAndWarpImage", CE_Failure);
    1130             : 
    1131             :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation)
    1132         149 :         ->ChunkAndWarpImage(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1133             : }
    1134             : 
    1135             : /************************************************************************/
    1136             : /*                          ChunkThreadMain()                           */
    1137             : /************************************************************************/
    1138             : 
    1139             : struct ChunkThreadData
    1140             : {
    1141             :     GDALWarpOperation *poOperation = nullptr;
    1142             :     GDALWarpChunk *pasChunkInfo = nullptr;
    1143             :     CPLJoinableThread *hThreadHandle = nullptr;
    1144             :     CPLErr eErr = CE_None;
    1145             :     double dfProgressBase = 0;
    1146             :     double dfProgressScale = 0;
    1147             :     CPLMutex *hIOMutex = nullptr;
    1148             : 
    1149             :     CPLMutex *hCondMutex = nullptr;
    1150             :     volatile int bIOMutexTaken = 0;
    1151             :     CPLCond *hCond = nullptr;
    1152             : 
    1153             :     CPLErrorAccumulator *poErrorAccumulator = nullptr;
    1154             : };
    1155             : 
    1156          11 : static void ChunkThreadMain(void *pThreadData)
    1157             : 
    1158             : {
    1159          11 :     volatile ChunkThreadData *psData =
    1160             :         static_cast<volatile ChunkThreadData *>(pThreadData);
    1161             : 
    1162          11 :     GDALWarpChunk *pasChunkInfo = psData->pasChunkInfo;
    1163             : 
    1164             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1165             :     /*      Acquire IO mutex.                                               */
    1166             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1167          11 :     if (!CPLAcquireMutex(psData->hIOMutex, 600.0))
    1168             :     {
    1169           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1170             :                  "Failed to acquire IOMutex in WarpRegion().");
    1171           0 :         psData->eErr = CE_Failure;
    1172             :     }
    1173             :     else
    1174             :     {
    1175          11 :         if (psData->hCond != nullptr)
    1176             :         {
    1177           6 :             CPLAcquireMutex(psData->hCondMutex, 1.0);
    1178           6 :             psData->bIOMutexTaken = TRUE;
    1179           6 :             CPLCondSignal(psData->hCond);
    1180           6 :             CPLReleaseMutex(psData->hCondMutex);
    1181             :         }
    1182             : 
    1183             :         auto oAccumulator =
    1184          22 :             psData->poErrorAccumulator->InstallForCurrentScope();
    1185          11 :         CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(oAccumulator);
    1186             : 
    1187          22 :         psData->eErr = psData->poOperation->WarpRegion(
    1188             :             pasChunkInfo->dx, pasChunkInfo->dy, pasChunkInfo->dsx,
    1189             :             pasChunkInfo->dsy, pasChunkInfo->sx, pasChunkInfo->sy,
    1190             :             pasChunkInfo->ssx, pasChunkInfo->ssy, pasChunkInfo->sExtraSx,
    1191          11 :             pasChunkInfo->sExtraSy, psData->dfProgressBase,
    1192          11 :             psData->dfProgressScale);
    1193             : 
    1194             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1195             :          */
    1196             :         /*      Release the IO mutex. */
    1197             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1198             :          */
    1199          11 :         CPLReleaseMutex(psData->hIOMutex);
    1200             :     }
    1201          11 : }
    1202             : 
    1203             : /************************************************************************/
    1204             : /*                         ChunkAndWarpMulti()                          */
    1205             : /************************************************************************/
    1206             : 
    1207             : /**
    1208             :  * \fn CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpMulti(
    1209             :                 int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,  int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize );
    1210             :  *
    1211             :  * This method does a complete warp of the source image to the destination
    1212             :  * image for the indicated region with the current warp options in effect.
    1213             :  * Progress is reported to the installed progress monitor, if any.
    1214             :  *
    1215             :  * Externally this method operates the same as ChunkAndWarpImage(), but
    1216             :  * internally this method uses multiple threads to interleave input/output
    1217             :  * for one region while the processing is being done for another.
    1218             :  *
    1219             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1220             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1221             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1222             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1223             :  *
    1224             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1225             :  */
    1226             : 
    1227           6 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpMulti(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
    1228             :                                             int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1229             : 
    1230             : {
    1231           6 :     hIOMutex = CPLCreateMutex();
    1232           6 :     hWarpMutex = CPLCreateMutex();
    1233             : 
    1234           6 :     CPLReleaseMutex(hIOMutex);
    1235           6 :     CPLReleaseMutex(hWarpMutex);
    1236             : 
    1237           6 :     CPLCond *hCond = CPLCreateCond();
    1238           6 :     CPLMutex *hCondMutex = CPLCreateMutex();
    1239           6 :     CPLReleaseMutex(hCondMutex);
    1240             : 
    1241             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1242             :     /*      Collect the list of chunks to operate on.                       */
    1243             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1244           6 :     CollectChunkList(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1245             : 
    1246             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1247             :     /*      Process them one at a time, updating the progress               */
    1248             :     /*      information for each region.                                    */
    1249             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1250           6 :     ChunkThreadData volatile asThreadData[2] = {};
    1251           6 :     CPLErrorAccumulator oErrorAccumulator;
    1252          18 :     for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
    1253             :     {
    1254          12 :         asThreadData[i].poOperation = this;
    1255          12 :         asThreadData[i].hIOMutex = hIOMutex;
    1256          12 :         asThreadData[i].poErrorAccumulator = &oErrorAccumulator;
    1257             :     }
    1258             : 
    1259           6 :     double dfPixelsProcessed = 0.0;
    1260           6 :     double dfTotalPixels = static_cast<double>(nDstXSize) * nDstYSize;
    1261             : 
    1262           6 :     CPLErr eErr = CE_None;
    1263          22 :     for (int iChunk = 0; iChunk < nChunkListCount + 1; iChunk++)
    1264             :     {
    1265          17 :         int iThread = iChunk % 2;
    1266             : 
    1267             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1268             :          */
    1269             :         /*      Launch thread for this chunk. */
    1270             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1271             :          */
    1272          17 :         if (pasChunkList != nullptr && iChunk < nChunkListCount)
    1273             :         {
    1274          11 :             GDALWarpChunk *pasThisChunk = pasChunkList + iChunk;
    1275          11 :             const double dfChunkPixels =
    1276          11 :                 pasThisChunk->dsx * static_cast<double>(pasThisChunk->dsy);
    1277             : 
    1278          11 :             asThreadData[iThread].dfProgressBase =
    1279          11 :                 dfPixelsProcessed / dfTotalPixels;
    1280          11 :             asThreadData[iThread].dfProgressScale =
    1281          11 :                 dfChunkPixels / dfTotalPixels;
    1282             : 
    1283          11 :             dfPixelsProcessed += dfChunkPixels;
    1284             : 
    1285          11 :             asThreadData[iThread].pasChunkInfo = pasThisChunk;
    1286             : 
    1287          11 :             if (iChunk == 0)
    1288             :             {
    1289           6 :                 asThreadData[iThread].hCond = hCond;
    1290           6 :                 asThreadData[iThread].hCondMutex = hCondMutex;
    1291             :             }
    1292             :             else
    1293             :             {
    1294           5 :                 asThreadData[iThread].hCond = nullptr;
    1295           5 :                 asThreadData[iThread].hCondMutex = nullptr;
    1296             :             }
    1297          11 :             asThreadData[iThread].bIOMutexTaken = FALSE;
    1298             : 
    1299          11 :             CPLDebug("GDAL", "Start chunk %d / %d.", iChunk, nChunkListCount);
    1300          22 :             asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle = CPLCreateJoinableThread(
    1301             :                 ChunkThreadMain,
    1302          11 :                 const_cast<ChunkThreadData *>(&asThreadData[iThread]));
    1303          11 :             if (asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle == nullptr)
    1304             :             {
    1305           0 :                 CPLError(
    1306             :                     CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1307             :                     "CPLCreateJoinableThread() failed in ChunkAndWarpMulti()");
    1308           0 :                 eErr = CE_Failure;
    1309           0 :                 break;
    1310             :             }
    1311             : 
    1312             :             // Wait that the first thread has acquired the IO mutex before
    1313             :             // proceeding.  This will ensure that the first thread will run
    1314             :             // before the second one.
    1315          11 :             if (iChunk == 0)
    1316             :             {
    1317           6 :                 CPLAcquireMutex(hCondMutex, 1.0);
    1318          12 :                 while (asThreadData[iThread].bIOMutexTaken == FALSE)
    1319           6 :                     CPLCondWait(hCond, hCondMutex);
    1320           6 :                 CPLReleaseMutex(hCondMutex);
    1321             :             }
    1322             :         }
    1323             : 
    1324             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1325             :          */
    1326             :         /*      Wait for previous chunks thread to complete. */
    1327             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1328             :          */
    1329          17 :         if (iChunk > 0)
    1330             :         {
    1331          11 :             iThread = (iChunk - 1) % 2;
    1332             : 
    1333             :             // Wait for thread to finish.
    1334          11 :             CPLJoinThread(asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle);
    1335          11 :             asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle = nullptr;
    1336             : 
    1337          11 :             CPLDebug("GDAL", "Finished chunk %d / %d.", iChunk - 1,
    1338             :                      nChunkListCount);
    1339             : 
    1340          11 :             eErr = asThreadData[iThread].eErr;
    1341             : 
    1342          11 :             if (eErr != CE_None)
    1343           1 :                 break;
    1344             :         }
    1345             :     }
    1346             : 
    1347             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1348             :     /*      Wait for all threads to complete.                               */
    1349             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1350          18 :     for (int iThread = 0; iThread < 2; iThread++)
    1351             :     {
    1352          12 :         if (asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle)
    1353           0 :             CPLJoinThread(asThreadData[iThread].hThreadHandle);
    1354             :     }
    1355             : 
    1356           6 :     CPLDestroyCond(hCond);
    1357           6 :     CPLDestroyMutex(hCondMutex);
    1358             : 
    1359           6 :     WipeChunkList();
    1360             : 
    1361           6 :     oErrorAccumulator.ReplayErrors();
    1362             : 
    1363           6 :     psOptions->pfnProgress(1.0, "", psOptions->pProgressArg);
    1364             : 
    1365          12 :     return eErr;
    1366             : }
    1367             : 
    1368             : /************************************************************************/
    1369             : /*                       GDALChunkAndWarpMulti()                        */
    1370             : /************************************************************************/
    1371             : 
    1372             : /**
    1373             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::ChunkAndWarpMulti()
    1374             :  */
    1375             : 
    1376           0 : CPLErr GDALChunkAndWarpMulti(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation, int nDstXOff,
    1377             :                              int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1378             : {
    1379           0 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(hOperation, "GDALChunkAndWarpMulti", CE_Failure);
    1380             : 
    1381             :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation)
    1382           0 :         ->ChunkAndWarpMulti(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1383             : }
    1384             : 
    1385             : /************************************************************************/
    1386             : /*                           WipeChunkList()                            */
    1387             : /************************************************************************/
    1388             : 
    1389        4277 : void GDALWarpOperation::WipeChunkList()
    1390             : 
    1391             : {
    1392        4277 :     CPLFree(pasChunkList);
    1393        4277 :     pasChunkList = nullptr;
    1394        4277 :     nChunkListCount = 0;
    1395        4277 :     nChunkListMax = 0;
    1396        4277 : }
    1397             : 
    1398             : /************************************************************************/
    1399             : /*                     GetWorkingMemoryForWindow()                      */
    1400             : /************************************************************************/
    1401             : 
    1402             : /** Returns the amount of working memory, in bytes, required to process
    1403             :  * a warped window of source dimensions nSrcXSize x nSrcYSize and target
    1404             :  * dimensions nDstXSize x nDstYSize.
    1405             :  */
    1406        4113 : double GDALWarpOperation::GetWorkingMemoryForWindow(int nSrcXSize,
    1407             :                                                     int nSrcYSize,
    1408             :                                                     int nDstXSize,
    1409             :                                                     int nDstYSize) const
    1410             : {
    1411             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1412             :     /*      Based on the types of masks in use, how many bits will each     */
    1413             :     /*      source pixel cost us?                                           */
    1414             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1415             :     int nSrcPixelCostInBits =
    1416        4113 :         GDALGetDataTypeSizeBits(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) *
    1417        4113 :         psOptions->nBandCount;
    1418             : 
    1419        4113 :     if (psOptions->pfnSrcDensityMaskFunc != nullptr)
    1420           0 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += 32;  // Float mask?
    1421             : 
    1422        4113 :     GDALRasterBandH hSrcBand = nullptr;
    1423        4113 :     if (psOptions->nBandCount > 0)
    1424             :         hSrcBand =
    1425        4113 :             GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hSrcDS, psOptions->panSrcBands[0]);
    1426             : 
    1427        4113 :     if (psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0 || psOptions->hCutline != nullptr)
    1428         118 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += 32;  // UnifiedSrcDensity float mask.
    1429        7990 :     else if (hSrcBand != nullptr &&
    1430        3995 :              (GDALGetMaskFlags(hSrcBand) & GMF_PER_DATASET))
    1431           6 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += 1;  // UnifiedSrcValid bit mask.
    1432             : 
    1433        4113 :     if (psOptions->papfnSrcPerBandValidityMaskFunc != nullptr ||
    1434        4113 :         psOptions->padfSrcNoDataReal != nullptr)
    1435         211 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += psOptions->nBandCount;  // Bit/band mask.
    1436             : 
    1437        4113 :     if (psOptions->pfnSrcValidityMaskFunc != nullptr)
    1438           0 :         nSrcPixelCostInBits += 1;  // Bit mask.
    1439             : 
    1440             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1441             :     /*      What about the cost for the destination.                        */
    1442             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1443             :     int nDstPixelCostInBits =
    1444        4113 :         GDALGetDataTypeSizeBits(psOptions->eWorkingDataType) *
    1445        4113 :         psOptions->nBandCount;
    1446             : 
    1447        4113 :     if (psOptions->pfnDstDensityMaskFunc != nullptr)
    1448           0 :         nDstPixelCostInBits += 32;
    1449             : 
    1450        4113 :     if (psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal != nullptr ||
    1451        2435 :         psOptions->pfnDstValidityMaskFunc != nullptr)
    1452        1678 :         nDstPixelCostInBits += psOptions->nBandCount;
    1453             : 
    1454        4113 :     if (psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0)
    1455         256 :         nDstPixelCostInBits += 32;  // DstDensity float mask.
    1456             : 
    1457        4113 :     const double dfTotalMemoryUse =
    1458        4113 :         (static_cast<double>(nSrcPixelCostInBits) * nSrcXSize * nSrcYSize +
    1459        4113 :          static_cast<double>(nDstPixelCostInBits) * nDstXSize * nDstYSize) /
    1460             :         8.0;
    1461        4113 :     return dfTotalMemoryUse;
    1462             : }
    1463             : 
    1464             : /************************************************************************/
    1465             : /*                      CollectChunkListInternal()                      */
    1466             : /************************************************************************/
    1467             : 
    1468        4402 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::CollectChunkListInternal(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
    1469             :                                                    int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize)
    1470             : 
    1471             : {
    1472             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1473             :     /*      Compute the bounds of the input area corresponding to the       */
    1474             :     /*      output area.                                                    */
    1475             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1476        4402 :     int nSrcXOff = 0;
    1477        4402 :     int nSrcYOff = 0;
    1478        4402 :     int nSrcXSize = 0;
    1479        4402 :     int nSrcYSize = 0;
    1480        4402 :     double dfSrcXExtraSize = 0.0;
    1481        4402 :     double dfSrcYExtraSize = 0.0;
    1482        4402 :     double dfSrcFillRatio = 0.0;
    1483             :     CPLErr eErr;
    1484             :     {
    1485        4402 :         CPLTurnFailureIntoWarningBackuper oBackuper;
    1486        4402 :         eErr = ComputeSourceWindow(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1487             :                                    &nSrcXOff, &nSrcYOff, &nSrcXSize, &nSrcYSize,
    1488             :                                    &dfSrcXExtraSize, &dfSrcYExtraSize,
    1489             :                                    &dfSrcFillRatio);
    1490             :     }
    1491             : 
    1492        4402 :     if (eErr != CE_None)
    1493             :     {
    1494             :         const bool bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow =
    1495           3 :             CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
    1496             :                          "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW", true);
    1497           3 :         if (bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow)
    1498             :         {
    1499           3 :             CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1500             :                      "Unable to compute source region for "
    1501             :                      "output window %d,%d,%d,%d, skipping.",
    1502             :                      nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1503             :         }
    1504             :         else
    1505             :         {
    1506           0 :             CPLDebug("WARP",
    1507             :                      "Unable to compute source region for "
    1508             :                      "output window %d,%d,%d,%d, skipping.",
    1509             :                      nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1510             :         }
    1511             :     }
    1512             : 
    1513             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1514             :     /*      If we are allowed to drop no-source regions, do so now if       */
    1515             :     /*      appropriate.                                                    */
    1516             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1517        5527 :     if ((nSrcXSize == 0 || nSrcYSize == 0) &&
    1518        1125 :         CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SKIP_NOSOURCE", false))
    1519         492 :         return CE_None;
    1520             : 
    1521             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1522             :     /*      Does the cost of the current rectangle exceed our memory        */
    1523             :     /*      limit? If so, split the destination along the longest           */
    1524             :     /*      dimension and recurse.                                          */
    1525             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1526             :     const double dfTotalMemoryUse =
    1527        3910 :         GetWorkingMemoryForWindow(nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    1528             : 
    1529             :     // If size of working buffers need exceed the allow limit, then divide
    1530             :     // the target area
    1531             :     // Do it also if the "fill ratio" of the source is too low (#3120), but
    1532             :     // only if there's at least some source pixel intersecting. The
    1533             :     // SRC_FILL_RATIO_HEURISTICS warping option is undocumented and only here
    1534             :     // in case the heuristics would cause issues.
    1535             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    1536             :     CPLDebug("WARP",
    1537             :              "dst=(%d,%d,%d,%d) src=(%d,%d,%d,%d) srcfillratio=%.17g, "
    1538             :              "dfTotalMemoryUse=%.1f MB",
    1539             :              nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff,
    1540             :              nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, dfSrcFillRatio,
    1541             :              dfTotalMemoryUse / (1024 * 1024));
    1542             : #endif
    1543         870 :     if ((dfTotalMemoryUse > psOptions->dfWarpMemoryLimit &&
    1544        7820 :          (nDstXSize > 2 || nDstYSize > 2)) ||
    1545        3040 :         (dfSrcFillRatio > 0 && dfSrcFillRatio < 0.5 &&
    1546         350 :          (nDstXSize > 100 || nDstYSize > 100) &&
    1547         720 :          CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SRC_FILL_RATIO_HEURISTICS",
    1548             :                       true)))
    1549             :     {
    1550        1589 :         int nBlockXSize = 1;
    1551        1589 :         int nBlockYSize = 1;
    1552        1589 :         if (psOptions->hDstDS)
    1553             :         {
    1554        1589 :             GDALGetBlockSize(GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hDstDS, 1),
    1555             :                              &nBlockXSize, &nBlockYSize);
    1556             :         }
    1557             : 
    1558        1589 :         int bStreamableOutput = CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
    1559        1589 :                                              "STREAMABLE_OUTPUT", false);
    1560             :         const char *pszOptimizeSize =
    1561        1589 :             CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "OPTIMIZE_SIZE");
    1562        1589 :         const bool bOptimizeSizeAuto =
    1563        1589 :             !pszOptimizeSize || EQUAL(pszOptimizeSize, "AUTO");
    1564             :         const bool bOptimizeSize =
    1565        4436 :             !bStreamableOutput &&
    1566          97 :             ((pszOptimizeSize && !bOptimizeSizeAuto &&
    1567        1588 :               CPLTestBool(pszOptimizeSize)) ||
    1568             :              // Auto-enable optimize-size mode if output region is at least
    1569             :              // 2x2 blocks large and the shapes of the source and target regions
    1570             :              // are not excessively different. All those thresholds are a bit
    1571             :              // arbitrary
    1572        1491 :              (bOptimizeSizeAuto && nSrcXSize > 0 && nDstYSize > 0 &&
    1573        1259 :               (nDstXSize > nDstYSize ? fabs(double(nDstXSize) / nDstYSize -
    1574         506 :                                             double(nSrcXSize) / nSrcYSize) <
    1575         506 :                                            5 * double(nDstXSize) / nDstYSize
    1576         753 :                                      : fabs(double(nDstYSize) / nDstXSize -
    1577         753 :                                             double(nSrcYSize) / nSrcXSize) <
    1578         753 :                                            5 * double(nDstYSize) / nDstXSize) &&
    1579        1256 :               nDstXSize / 2 >= nBlockXSize && nDstYSize / 2 >= nBlockYSize));
    1580             : 
    1581             :         // If the region width is greater than the region height,
    1582             :         // cut in half in the width. When we want to optimize the size
    1583             :         // of a compressed output dataset, do this only if each half part
    1584             :         // is at least as wide as the block width.
    1585        1589 :         bool bHasDivided = false;
    1586        1589 :         CPLErr eErr2 = CE_None;
    1587        1589 :         if (nDstXSize > nDstYSize &&
    1588         658 :             ((!bOptimizeSize && !bStreamableOutput) ||
    1589          88 :              (bOptimizeSize &&
    1590          89 :               (nDstXSize / 2 >= nBlockXSize || nDstYSize == 1)) ||
    1591           1 :              (bStreamableOutput && nDstXSize / 2 >= nBlockXSize &&
    1592           1 :               nDstYSize == nBlockYSize)))
    1593             :         {
    1594         611 :             bHasDivided = true;
    1595         611 :             int nChunk1 = nDstXSize / 2;
    1596             : 
    1597             :             // In the optimize size case, try to stick on target block
    1598             :             // boundaries.
    1599         611 :             if ((bOptimizeSize || bStreamableOutput) && nChunk1 > nBlockXSize)
    1600          42 :                 nChunk1 = (nChunk1 / nBlockXSize) * nBlockXSize;
    1601             : 
    1602         611 :             int nChunk2 = nDstXSize - nChunk1;
    1603             : 
    1604         611 :             eErr = CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nChunk1,
    1605             :                                             nDstYSize);
    1606             : 
    1607         611 :             eErr2 = CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff + nChunk1, nDstYOff,
    1608         611 :                                              nChunk2, nDstYSize);
    1609             :         }
    1610         978 :         else if (!(bStreamableOutput && nDstYSize / 2 < nBlockYSize))
    1611             :         {
    1612         977 :             bHasDivided = true;
    1613         977 :             int nChunk1 = nDstYSize / 2;
    1614             : 
    1615             :             // In the optimize size case, try to stick on target block
    1616             :             // boundaries.
    1617         977 :             if ((bOptimizeSize || bStreamableOutput) && nChunk1 > nBlockYSize)
    1618          77 :                 nChunk1 = (nChunk1 / nBlockYSize) * nBlockYSize;
    1619             : 
    1620         977 :             const int nChunk2 = nDstYSize - nChunk1;
    1621             : 
    1622         977 :             eErr = CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1623             :                                             nChunk1);
    1624             : 
    1625         977 :             eErr2 = CollectChunkListInternal(nDstXOff, nDstYOff + nChunk1,
    1626             :                                              nDstXSize, nChunk2);
    1627             :         }
    1628             : 
    1629        1589 :         if (bHasDivided)
    1630             :         {
    1631        1588 :             if (eErr == CE_None)
    1632        1588 :                 return eErr2;
    1633             :             else
    1634           0 :                 return eErr;
    1635             :         }
    1636             :     }
    1637             : 
    1638             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1639             :     /*      OK, everything fits, so add to the chunk list.                  */
    1640             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1641        2322 :     if (nChunkListCount == nChunkListMax)
    1642             :     {
    1643        1387 :         nChunkListMax = nChunkListMax * 2 + 1;
    1644        1387 :         pasChunkList = static_cast<GDALWarpChunk *>(
    1645        1387 :             CPLRealloc(pasChunkList, sizeof(GDALWarpChunk) * nChunkListMax));
    1646             :     }
    1647             : 
    1648        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].dx = nDstXOff;
    1649        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].dy = nDstYOff;
    1650        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].dsx = nDstXSize;
    1651        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].dsy = nDstYSize;
    1652        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].sx = nSrcXOff;
    1653        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].sy = nSrcYOff;
    1654        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].ssx = nSrcXSize;
    1655        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].ssy = nSrcYSize;
    1656        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].sExtraSx = dfSrcXExtraSize;
    1657        2322 :     pasChunkList[nChunkListCount].sExtraSy = dfSrcYExtraSize;
    1658             : 
    1659        2322 :     nChunkListCount++;
    1660             : 
    1661        2322 :     return CE_None;
    1662             : }
    1663             : 
    1664             : /************************************************************************/
    1665             : /*                             WarpRegion()                             */
    1666             : /************************************************************************/
    1667             : 
    1668             : /**
    1669             :  * This method requests the indicated region of the output file be generated.
    1670             :  *
    1671             :  * Note that WarpRegion() will produce the requested area in one low level warp
    1672             :  * operation without verifying that this does not exceed the stated memory
    1673             :  * limits for the warp operation.  Applications should take care not to call
    1674             :  * WarpRegion() on too large a region!  This function
    1675             :  * is normally called by ChunkAndWarpImage(), the normal entry point for
    1676             :  * applications.  Use it instead if staying within memory constraints is
    1677             :  * desired.
    1678             :  *
    1679             :  * Progress is reported from dfProgressBase to dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale
    1680             :  * for the indicated region.
    1681             :  *
    1682             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1683             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1684             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1685             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1686             :  * @param nSrcXOff source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
    1687             :  * @param nSrcYOff source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
    1688             :  * @param nSrcXSize source window X size (computed if window all zero)
    1689             :  * @param nSrcYSize source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
    1690             :  * @param dfProgressBase minimum progress value reported
    1691             :  * @param dfProgressScale value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the
    1692             :  *                        maximum progress value reported
    1693             :  *
    1694             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1695             :  */
    1696             : 
    1697           0 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion(int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize,
    1698             :                                      int nDstYSize, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff,
    1699             :                                      int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize,
    1700             :                                      double dfProgressBase,
    1701             :                                      double dfProgressScale)
    1702             : {
    1703           0 :     return WarpRegion(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, nSrcXOff,
    1704             :                       nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, 0, 0, dfProgressBase,
    1705           0 :                       dfProgressScale);
    1706             : }
    1707             : 
    1708             : /**
    1709             :  * This method requests the indicated region of the output file be generated.
    1710             :  *
    1711             :  * Note that WarpRegion() will produce the requested area in one low level warp
    1712             :  * operation without verifying that this does not exceed the stated memory
    1713             :  * limits for the warp operation.  Applications should take care not to call
    1714             :  * WarpRegion() on too large a region!  This function
    1715             :  * is normally called by ChunkAndWarpImage(), the normal entry point for
    1716             :  * applications.  Use it instead if staying within memory constraints is
    1717             :  * desired.
    1718             :  *
    1719             :  * Progress is reported from dfProgressBase to dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale
    1720             :  * for the indicated region.
    1721             :  *
    1722             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1723             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1724             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1725             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1726             :  * @param nSrcXOff source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
    1727             :  * @param nSrcYOff source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
    1728             :  * @param nSrcXSize source window X size (computed if window all zero)
    1729             :  * @param nSrcYSize source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
    1730             :  * @param dfSrcXExtraSize Extra pixels (included in nSrcXSize) reserved
    1731             :  * for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
    1732             :  * @param dfSrcYExtraSize Extra pixels (included in nSrcYSize) reserved
    1733             :  * for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
    1734             :  * @param dfProgressBase minimum progress value reported
    1735             :  * @param dfProgressScale value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the
    1736             :  *                        maximum progress value reported
    1737             :  *
    1738             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1739             :  */
    1740             : 
    1741        2322 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion(
    1742             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int nSrcXOff,
    1743             :     int nSrcYOff, int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize, double dfSrcXExtraSize,
    1744             :     double dfSrcYExtraSize, double dfProgressBase, double dfProgressScale)
    1745             : 
    1746             : {
    1747        2322 :     ReportTiming(nullptr);
    1748             : 
    1749             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1750             :     /*      Allocate the output buffer.                                     */
    1751             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1752        2322 :     int bDstBufferInitialized = FALSE;
    1753             :     void *pDstBuffer =
    1754        2322 :         CreateDestinationBuffer(nDstXSize, nDstYSize, &bDstBufferInitialized);
    1755        2322 :     if (pDstBuffer == nullptr)
    1756             :     {
    1757           2 :         return CE_Failure;
    1758             :     }
    1759             : 
    1760             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1761             :     /*      If we aren't doing fixed initialization of the output buffer    */
    1762             :     /*      then read it from disk so we can overlay on existing imagery.   */
    1763             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1764        2320 :     GDALDataset *poDstDS = GDALDataset::FromHandle(psOptions->hDstDS);
    1765        2320 :     if (!bDstBufferInitialized)
    1766             :     {
    1767         384 :         CPLErr eErr = CE_None;
    1768         384 :         if (psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    1769             :         {
    1770             :             // Particular case to simplify the stack a bit.
    1771             :             // TODO(rouault): Need an explanation of what and why r34502 helps.
    1772         360 :             eErr = poDstDS->GetRasterBand(psOptions->panDstBands[0])
    1773         720 :                        ->RasterIO(GF_Read, nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1774             :                                   nDstYSize, pDstBuffer, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1775         360 :                                   psOptions->eWorkingDataType, 0, 0, nullptr);
    1776             :         }
    1777             :         else
    1778             :         {
    1779          24 :             eErr = poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Read, nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1780             :                                      nDstYSize, pDstBuffer, nDstXSize,
    1781          24 :                                      nDstYSize, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    1782          24 :                                      psOptions->nBandCount,
    1783          24 :                                      psOptions->panDstBands, 0, 0, 0, nullptr);
    1784             :         }
    1785             : 
    1786         384 :         if (eErr != CE_None)
    1787             :         {
    1788           0 :             DestroyDestinationBuffer(pDstBuffer);
    1789           0 :             return eErr;
    1790             :         }
    1791             : 
    1792         384 :         ReportTiming("Output buffer read");
    1793             :     }
    1794             : 
    1795             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1796             :     /*      Perform the warp.                                               */
    1797             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1798             :     CPLErr eErr = nSrcXSize == 0
    1799        2320 :                       ? CE_None
    1800        1919 :                       : WarpRegionToBuffer(
    1801             :                             nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1802        1919 :                             pDstBuffer, psOptions->eWorkingDataType, nSrcXOff,
    1803             :                             nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, dfSrcXExtraSize,
    1804        2320 :                             dfSrcYExtraSize, dfProgressBase, dfProgressScale);
    1805             : 
    1806             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1807             :     /*      Write the output data back to disk if all went well.            */
    1808             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1809        2320 :     if (eErr == CE_None)
    1810             :     {
    1811        2315 :         if (psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    1812             :         {
    1813             :             // Particular case to simplify the stack a bit.
    1814        2101 :             eErr = poDstDS->GetRasterBand(psOptions->panDstBands[0])
    1815        4202 :                        ->RasterIO(GF_Write, nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1816             :                                   nDstYSize, pDstBuffer, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1817        2101 :                                   psOptions->eWorkingDataType, 0, 0, nullptr);
    1818             :         }
    1819             :         else
    1820             :         {
    1821         214 :             eErr = poDstDS->RasterIO(GF_Write, nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    1822             :                                      nDstYSize, pDstBuffer, nDstXSize,
    1823         214 :                                      nDstYSize, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    1824         214 :                                      psOptions->nBandCount,
    1825         214 :                                      psOptions->panDstBands, 0, 0, 0, nullptr);
    1826             :         }
    1827             : 
    1828        4630 :         if (eErr == CE_None &&
    1829        2315 :             CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "WRITE_FLUSH", false))
    1830             :         {
    1831           0 :             const CPLErr eOldErr = CPLGetLastErrorType();
    1832           0 :             const CPLString osLastErrMsg = CPLGetLastErrorMsg();
    1833           0 :             GDALFlushCache(psOptions->hDstDS);
    1834           0 :             const CPLErr eNewErr = CPLGetLastErrorType();
    1835           0 :             if (eNewErr != eOldErr ||
    1836           0 :                 osLastErrMsg.compare(CPLGetLastErrorMsg()) != 0)
    1837           0 :                 eErr = CE_Failure;
    1838             :         }
    1839        2315 :         ReportTiming("Output buffer write");
    1840             :     }
    1841             : 
    1842             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1843             :     /*      Cleanup and return.                                             */
    1844             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1845        2320 :     DestroyDestinationBuffer(pDstBuffer);
    1846             : 
    1847        2320 :     return eErr;
    1848             : }
    1849             : 
    1850             : /************************************************************************/
    1851             : /*                           GDALWarpRegion()                           */
    1852             : /************************************************************************/
    1853             : 
    1854             : /**
    1855             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegion()
    1856             :  */
    1857             : 
    1858           0 : CPLErr GDALWarpRegion(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation, int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff,
    1859             :                       int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff,
    1860             :                       int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize)
    1861             : 
    1862             : {
    1863           0 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(hOperation, "GDALWarpRegion", CE_Failure);
    1864             : 
    1865             :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation)
    1866           0 :         ->WarpRegion(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, nSrcXOff,
    1867           0 :                      nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize);
    1868             : }
    1869             : 
    1870             : /************************************************************************/
    1871             : /*                         WarpRegionToBuffer()                         */
    1872             : /************************************************************************/
    1873             : 
    1874             : /**
    1875             :  * This method requests that a particular window of the output dataset
    1876             :  * be warped and the result put into the provided data buffer.  The output
    1877             :  * dataset doesn't even really have to exist to use this method as long as
    1878             :  * the transformation function in the GDALWarpOptions is setup to map to
    1879             :  * a virtual pixel/line space.
    1880             :  *
    1881             :  * This method will do the whole region in one chunk, so be wary of the
    1882             :  * amount of memory that might be used.
    1883             :  *
    1884             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1885             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1886             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1887             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1888             :  * @param pDataBuf the data buffer to place result in, of type eBufDataType.
    1889             :  * @param eBufDataType the type of the output data buffer.  For now this
    1890             :  * must match GDALWarpOptions::eWorkingDataType.
    1891             :  * @param nSrcXOff source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
    1892             :  * @param nSrcYOff source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
    1893             :  * @param nSrcXSize source window X size (computed if window all zero)
    1894             :  * @param nSrcYSize source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
    1895             :  * @param dfProgressBase minimum progress value reported
    1896             :  * @param dfProgressScale value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the
    1897             :  *                        maximum progress value reported
    1898             :  *
    1899             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1900             :  */
    1901             : 
    1902        1977 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer(
    1903             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, void *pDataBuf,
    1904             :     GDALDataType eBufDataType, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff, int nSrcXSize,
    1905             :     int nSrcYSize, double dfProgressBase, double dfProgressScale)
    1906             : {
    1907        1977 :     return WarpRegionToBuffer(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1908             :                               pDataBuf, eBufDataType, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff,
    1909             :                               nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, 0, 0, dfProgressBase,
    1910        1977 :                               dfProgressScale);
    1911             : }
    1912             : 
    1913             : /**
    1914             :  * This method requests that a particular window of the output dataset
    1915             :  * be warped and the result put into the provided data buffer.  The output
    1916             :  * dataset doesn't even really have to exist to use this method as long as
    1917             :  * the transformation function in the GDALWarpOptions is setup to map to
    1918             :  * a virtual pixel/line space.
    1919             :  *
    1920             :  * This method will do the whole region in one chunk, so be wary of the
    1921             :  * amount of memory that might be used.
    1922             :  *
    1923             :  * @param nDstXOff X offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1924             :  * @param nDstYOff Y offset to window of destination data to be produced.
    1925             :  * @param nDstXSize Width of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1926             :  * @param nDstYSize Height of output window on destination file to be produced.
    1927             :  * @param pDataBuf the data buffer to place result in, of type eBufDataType.
    1928             :  * @param eBufDataType the type of the output data buffer.  For now this
    1929             :  * must match GDALWarpOptions::eWorkingDataType.
    1930             :  * @param nSrcXOff source window X offset (computed if window all zero)
    1931             :  * @param nSrcYOff source window Y offset (computed if window all zero)
    1932             :  * @param nSrcXSize source window X size (computed if window all zero)
    1933             :  * @param nSrcYSize source window Y size (computed if window all zero)
    1934             :  * @param dfSrcXExtraSize Extra pixels (included in nSrcXSize) reserved
    1935             :  * for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
    1936             :  * @param dfSrcYExtraSize Extra pixels (included in nSrcYSize) reserved
    1937             :  * for filter window. Should be ignored in scale computation
    1938             :  * @param dfProgressBase minimum progress value reported
    1939             :  * @param dfProgressScale value such as dfProgressBase + dfProgressScale is the
    1940             :  *                        maximum progress value reported
    1941             :  *
    1942             :  * @return CE_None on success or CE_Failure if an error occurs.
    1943             :  */
    1944             : 
    1945        3896 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer(
    1946             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, void *pDataBuf,
    1947             :     // Only in a CPLAssert.
    1948             :     CPL_UNUSED GDALDataType eBufDataType, int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff,
    1949             :     int nSrcXSize, int nSrcYSize, double dfSrcXExtraSize,
    1950             :     double dfSrcYExtraSize, double dfProgressBase, double dfProgressScale)
    1951             : 
    1952             : {
    1953        3896 :     const int nWordSize = GDALGetDataTypeSizeBytes(psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
    1954             : 
    1955        3896 :     CPLAssert(eBufDataType == psOptions->eWorkingDataType);
    1956             : 
    1957             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1958             :     /*      If not given a corresponding source window compute one now.     */
    1959             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1960        3896 :     if (nSrcXSize == 0 && nSrcYSize == 0)
    1961             :     {
    1962             :         // TODO: This taking of the warp mutex is suboptimal. We could get rid
    1963             :         // of it, but that would require making sure ComputeSourceWindow()
    1964             :         // uses a different pTransformerArg than the warp kernel.
    1965        1778 :         if (hWarpMutex != nullptr && !CPLAcquireMutex(hWarpMutex, 600.0))
    1966             :         {
    1967           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1968             :                      "Failed to acquire WarpMutex in WarpRegion().");
    1969           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    1970             :         }
    1971             :         const CPLErr eErr =
    1972        1778 :             ComputeSourceWindow(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize,
    1973             :                                 &nSrcXOff, &nSrcYOff, &nSrcXSize, &nSrcYSize,
    1974             :                                 &dfSrcXExtraSize, &dfSrcYExtraSize, nullptr);
    1975        1778 :         if (hWarpMutex != nullptr)
    1976           0 :             CPLReleaseMutex(hWarpMutex);
    1977        1778 :         if (eErr != CE_None)
    1978             :         {
    1979             :             const bool bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow =
    1980          36 :                 CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
    1981             :                              "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW", true);
    1982          36 :             if (!bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow)
    1983          36 :                 return CE_None;
    1984           0 :             return eErr;
    1985             :         }
    1986             :     }
    1987             : 
    1988             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1989             :     /*      Prepare a WarpKernel object to match this operation.            */
    1990             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1991        7720 :     GDALWarpKernel oWK;
    1992             : 
    1993        3860 :     oWK.eResample = m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries ? GRA_NearestNeighbour
    1994        3545 :                                                       : psOptions->eResampleAlg;
    1995        3860 :     oWK.eTieStrategy = psOptions->eTieStrategy;
    1996        3860 :     oWK.nBands = psOptions->nBandCount;
    1997        3860 :     oWK.eWorkingDataType = psOptions->eWorkingDataType;
    1998             : 
    1999        3860 :     oWK.pfnTransformer = psOptions->pfnTransformer;
    2000        3860 :     oWK.pTransformerArg = psOptions->pTransformerArg;
    2001             : 
    2002        3860 :     oWK.pfnProgress = psOptions->pfnProgress;
    2003        3860 :     oWK.pProgress = psOptions->pProgressArg;
    2004        3860 :     oWK.dfProgressBase = dfProgressBase;
    2005        3860 :     oWK.dfProgressScale = dfProgressScale;
    2006             : 
    2007        3860 :     oWK.papszWarpOptions = psOptions->papszWarpOptions;
    2008        3860 :     oWK.psThreadData = psThreadData;
    2009             : 
    2010        3860 :     oWK.padfDstNoDataReal = psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal;
    2011             : 
    2012             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2013             :     /*      Setup the source buffer.                                        */
    2014             :     /*                                                                      */
    2015             :     /*      Eventually we may need to take advantage of pixel               */
    2016             :     /*      interleaved reading here.                                       */
    2017             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2018        3860 :     oWK.nSrcXOff = nSrcXOff;
    2019        3860 :     oWK.nSrcYOff = nSrcYOff;
    2020        3860 :     oWK.nSrcXSize = nSrcXSize;
    2021        3860 :     oWK.nSrcYSize = nSrcYSize;
    2022        3860 :     oWK.dfSrcXExtraSize = dfSrcXExtraSize;
    2023        3860 :     oWK.dfSrcYExtraSize = dfSrcYExtraSize;
    2024             : 
    2025             :     // Check for overflows in computation of nAlloc
    2026        7117 :     if (nSrcYSize > 0 &&
    2027        3257 :         ((static_cast<size_t>(nSrcXSize) >
    2028        3257 :           (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() - WARP_EXTRA_ELTS) / nSrcYSize) ||
    2029        3257 :          (static_cast<size_t>(nSrcXSize) * nSrcYSize + WARP_EXTRA_ELTS >
    2030        3257 :           std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() /
    2031        3257 :               (nWordSize * psOptions->nBandCount))))
    2032             :     {
    2033           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2034             :                  "WarpRegionToBuffer(): Integer overflow : nWordSize(=%d) * "
    2035             :                  "(nSrcXSize(=%d) * nSrcYSize(=%d) + WARP_EXTRA_ELTS(=%d)) * "
    2036             :                  "nBandCount(=%d)",
    2037             :                  nWordSize, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize, WARP_EXTRA_ELTS,
    2038           0 :                  psOptions->nBandCount);
    2039           0 :         return CE_Failure;
    2040             :     }
    2041             : 
    2042        3860 :     const size_t nAlloc =
    2043        3860 :         nWordSize *
    2044        3860 :         (static_cast<size_t>(nSrcXSize) * nSrcYSize + WARP_EXTRA_ELTS) *
    2045        3860 :         psOptions->nBandCount;
    2046             : 
    2047        3860 :     oWK.papabySrcImage = static_cast<GByte **>(
    2048        3860 :         CPLCalloc(sizeof(GByte *), psOptions->nBandCount));
    2049        3860 :     oWK.papabySrcImage[0] = static_cast<GByte *>(VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(nAlloc));
    2050             : 
    2051        3860 :     CPLErr eErr =
    2052        3258 :         nSrcXSize != 0 && nSrcYSize != 0 && oWK.papabySrcImage[0] == nullptr
    2053        7118 :             ? CE_Failure
    2054             :             : CE_None;
    2055             : 
    2056       11313 :     for (int i = 0; i < psOptions->nBandCount && eErr == CE_None; i++)
    2057        7453 :         oWK.papabySrcImage[i] =
    2058        7453 :             reinterpret_cast<GByte *>(oWK.papabySrcImage[0]) +
    2059        7453 :             nWordSize *
    2060        7453 :                 (static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nSrcXSize) * nSrcYSize +
    2061        7453 :                  WARP_EXTRA_ELTS) *
    2062        7453 :                 i;
    2063             : 
    2064        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && nSrcXSize > 0 && nSrcYSize > 0)
    2065             :     {
    2066        3247 :         GDALDataset *poSrcDS = GDALDataset::FromHandle(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    2067        3247 :         if (psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    2068             :         {
    2069             :             // Particular case to simplify the stack a bit.
    2070        2023 :             eErr = poSrcDS->GetRasterBand(psOptions->panSrcBands[0])
    2071        4046 :                        ->RasterIO(GF_Read, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize,
    2072        2023 :                                   nSrcYSize, oWK.papabySrcImage[0], nSrcXSize,
    2073        2023 :                                   nSrcYSize, psOptions->eWorkingDataType, 0, 0,
    2074             :                                   nullptr);
    2075             :         }
    2076             :         else
    2077             :         {
    2078        1224 :             eErr = poSrcDS->RasterIO(
    2079             :                 GF_Read, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize,
    2080        1224 :                 oWK.papabySrcImage[0], nSrcXSize, nSrcYSize,
    2081        1224 :                 psOptions->eWorkingDataType, psOptions->nBandCount,
    2082        1224 :                 psOptions->panSrcBands, 0, 0,
    2083        1224 :                 nWordSize * (static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nSrcXSize) * nSrcYSize +
    2084             :                              WARP_EXTRA_ELTS),
    2085             :                 nullptr);
    2086             :         }
    2087             :     }
    2088             : 
    2089        3860 :     ReportTiming("Input buffer read");
    2090             : 
    2091             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2092             :     /*      Initialize destination buffer.                                  */
    2093             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2094        3860 :     oWK.nDstXOff = nDstXOff;
    2095        3860 :     oWK.nDstYOff = nDstYOff;
    2096        3860 :     oWK.nDstXSize = nDstXSize;
    2097        3860 :     oWK.nDstYSize = nDstYSize;
    2098             : 
    2099        3860 :     oWK.papabyDstImage = reinterpret_cast<GByte **>(
    2100        3860 :         CPLCalloc(sizeof(GByte *), psOptions->nBandCount));
    2101             : 
    2102       11305 :     for (int i = 0; i < psOptions->nBandCount && eErr == CE_None; i++)
    2103             :     {
    2104        7445 :         oWK.papabyDstImage[i] =
    2105        7445 :             static_cast<GByte *>(pDataBuf) +
    2106        7445 :             i * static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(nDstXSize) * nDstYSize * nWordSize;
    2107             :     }
    2108             : 
    2109             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2110             :     /*      Eventually we need handling for a whole bunch of the            */
    2111             :     /*      validity and density masks here.                                */
    2112             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2113             : 
    2114             :     // TODO
    2115             : 
    2116             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2117             :     /*      Generate a source density mask if we have a source alpha band   */
    2118             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2119        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand > 0 && nSrcXSize > 0 &&
    2120         142 :         nSrcYSize > 0)
    2121             :     {
    2122         142 :         CPLAssert(oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity == nullptr);
    2123             : 
    2124         142 :         eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "UnifiedSrcDensity");
    2125             : 
    2126         142 :         if (eErr == CE_None)
    2127             :         {
    2128         142 :             int bOutAllOpaque = FALSE;
    2129         284 :             eErr = GDALWarpSrcAlphaMasker(
    2130         142 :                 psOptions, psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2131             :                 oWK.nSrcXOff, oWK.nSrcYOff, oWK.nSrcXSize, oWK.nSrcYSize,
    2132         142 :                 oWK.papabySrcImage, TRUE, oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity,
    2133             :                 &bOutAllOpaque);
    2134         142 :             if (bOutAllOpaque)
    2135             :             {
    2136             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    2137             :                 CPLDebug("WARP",
    2138             :                          "No need for a source density mask as all values "
    2139             :                          "are opaque");
    2140             : #endif
    2141          35 :                 CPLFree(oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity);
    2142          35 :                 oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity = nullptr;
    2143             :             }
    2144             :         }
    2145             :     }
    2146             : 
    2147             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2148             :     /*      Generate a source density mask if we have a source cutline.     */
    2149             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2150        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->hCutline != nullptr && nSrcXSize > 0 &&
    2151          44 :         nSrcYSize > 0)
    2152             :     {
    2153          44 :         const bool bUnifiedSrcDensityJustCreated =
    2154          44 :             (oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity == nullptr);
    2155          44 :         if (bUnifiedSrcDensityJustCreated)
    2156             :         {
    2157             :             eErr =
    2158          44 :                 CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "UnifiedSrcDensity");
    2159             : 
    2160          44 :             if (eErr == CE_None)
    2161             :             {
    2162          44 :                 for (GPtrDiff_t j = 0;
    2163     2929360 :                      j < static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(oWK.nSrcXSize) * oWK.nSrcYSize;
    2164             :                      j++)
    2165     2929320 :                     oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity[j] = 1.0;
    2166             :             }
    2167             :         }
    2168             : 
    2169          44 :         int nValidityFlag = 0;
    2170          44 :         if (eErr == CE_None)
    2171          44 :             eErr = GDALWarpCutlineMaskerEx(
    2172          44 :                 psOptions, psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2173             :                 oWK.nSrcXOff, oWK.nSrcYOff, oWK.nSrcXSize, oWK.nSrcYSize,
    2174          44 :                 oWK.papabySrcImage, TRUE, oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity,
    2175             :                 &nValidityFlag);
    2176          44 :         if (nValidityFlag == GCMVF_CHUNK_FULLY_WITHIN_CUTLINE &&
    2177             :             bUnifiedSrcDensityJustCreated)
    2178             :         {
    2179           8 :             VSIFree(oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity);
    2180           8 :             oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity = nullptr;
    2181             :         }
    2182             :     }
    2183             : 
    2184             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2185             :     /*      Generate a destination density mask if we have a destination    */
    2186             :     /*      alpha band.                                                     */
    2187             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2188        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0)
    2189             :     {
    2190        1749 :         CPLAssert(oWK.pafDstDensity == nullptr);
    2191             : 
    2192        1749 :         eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "DstDensity");
    2193             : 
    2194        1749 :         if (eErr == CE_None)
    2195        1749 :             eErr = GDALWarpDstAlphaMasker(
    2196        1749 :                 psOptions, psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2197             :                 oWK.nDstXOff, oWK.nDstYOff, oWK.nDstXSize, oWK.nDstYSize,
    2198        1749 :                 oWK.papabyDstImage, TRUE, oWK.pafDstDensity);
    2199             :     }
    2200             : 
    2201             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2202             :     /*      If we have source nodata values create the validity mask.       */
    2203             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2204        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->padfSrcNoDataReal != nullptr &&
    2205         232 :         nSrcXSize > 0 && nSrcYSize > 0)
    2206             :     {
    2207         214 :         CPLAssert(oWK.papanBandSrcValid == nullptr);
    2208             : 
    2209         214 :         bool bAllBandsAllValid = true;
    2210         539 :         for (int i = 0; i < psOptions->nBandCount && eErr == CE_None; i++)
    2211             :         {
    2212         325 :             eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, i, "BandSrcValid");
    2213         325 :             if (eErr == CE_None)
    2214             :             {
    2215         325 :                 double adfNoData[2] = {psOptions->padfSrcNoDataReal[i],
    2216         325 :                                        psOptions->padfSrcNoDataImag != nullptr
    2217         325 :                                            ? psOptions->padfSrcNoDataImag[i]
    2218         325 :                                            : 0.0};
    2219             : 
    2220         325 :                 int bAllValid = FALSE;
    2221         650 :                 eErr = GDALWarpNoDataMasker(
    2222         325 :                     adfNoData, 1, psOptions->eWorkingDataType, oWK.nSrcXOff,
    2223             :                     oWK.nSrcYOff, oWK.nSrcXSize, oWK.nSrcYSize,
    2224         325 :                     &(oWK.papabySrcImage[i]), FALSE, oWK.papanBandSrcValid[i],
    2225             :                     &bAllValid);
    2226         325 :                 if (!bAllValid)
    2227         188 :                     bAllBandsAllValid = false;
    2228             :             }
    2229             :         }
    2230             : 
    2231             :         // Optimization: if all pixels in all bands are valid,
    2232             :         // we don't need a mask.
    2233         214 :         if (bAllBandsAllValid)
    2234             :         {
    2235             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    2236             :             CPLDebug(
    2237             :                 "WARP",
    2238             :                 "No need for a source nodata mask as all values are valid");
    2239             : #endif
    2240         231 :             for (int k = 0; k < psOptions->nBandCount; k++)
    2241         136 :                 CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid[k]);
    2242          95 :             CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid);
    2243          95 :             oWK.papanBandSrcValid = nullptr;
    2244             :         }
    2245             : 
    2246             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2247             :          */
    2248             :         /*      If there's just a single band, then transfer */
    2249             :         /*      papanBandSrcValid[0] as panUnifiedSrcValid. */
    2250             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2251             :          */
    2252         214 :         if (oWK.papanBandSrcValid != nullptr && psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    2253             :         {
    2254          73 :             oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid = oWK.papanBandSrcValid[0];
    2255          73 :             CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid);
    2256          73 :             oWK.papanBandSrcValid = nullptr;
    2257             :         }
    2258             : 
    2259             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2260             :          */
    2261             :         /*      Compute a unified input pixel mask if and only if all bands */
    2262             :         /*      nodata is true.  That is, we only treat a pixel as nodata if */
    2263             :         /*      all bands match their respective nodata values. */
    2264             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2265             :          */
    2266         141 :         else if (oWK.papanBandSrcValid != nullptr && eErr == CE_None)
    2267             :         {
    2268          46 :             bool bAtLeastOneBandAllValid = false;
    2269         162 :             for (int k = 0; k < psOptions->nBandCount; k++)
    2270             :             {
    2271         116 :                 if (oWK.papanBandSrcValid[k] == nullptr)
    2272             :                 {
    2273           0 :                     bAtLeastOneBandAllValid = true;
    2274           0 :                     break;
    2275             :                 }
    2276             :             }
    2277             : 
    2278          92 :             const char *pszUnifiedSrcNoData = CSLFetchNameValue(
    2279          46 :                 psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "UNIFIED_SRC_NODATA");
    2280          84 :             if (!bAtLeastOneBandAllValid && (pszUnifiedSrcNoData == nullptr ||
    2281          38 :                                              CPLTestBool(pszUnifiedSrcNoData)))
    2282             :             {
    2283          45 :                 auto nMaskBits =
    2284          45 :                     static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(oWK.nSrcXSize) * oWK.nSrcYSize;
    2285             : 
    2286             :                 eErr =
    2287          45 :                     CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "UnifiedSrcValid");
    2288             : 
    2289          45 :                 if (eErr == CE_None)
    2290             :                 {
    2291          45 :                     CPLMaskClearAll(oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid, nMaskBits);
    2292             : 
    2293         158 :                     for (int k = 0; k < psOptions->nBandCount; k++)
    2294             :                     {
    2295         113 :                         CPLMaskMerge(oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid,
    2296         113 :                                      oWK.papanBandSrcValid[k], nMaskBits);
    2297             :                     }
    2298             : 
    2299             :                     // If UNIFIED_SRC_NODATA is set, then we will ignore the
    2300             :                     // individual nodata status of each band. If it is not set,
    2301             :                     // both mechanism apply:
    2302             :                     // - if panUnifiedSrcValid[] indicates a pixel is invalid
    2303             :                     //   (that is all its bands are at nodata), then the output
    2304             :                     //   pixel will be invalid
    2305             :                     // - otherwise, the status band per band will be check with
    2306             :                     //   papanBandSrcValid[iBand][], and the output pixel will
    2307             :                     //   be valid
    2308          45 :                     if (pszUnifiedSrcNoData != nullptr &&
    2309          37 :                         !EQUAL(pszUnifiedSrcNoData, "PARTIAL"))
    2310             :                     {
    2311         123 :                         for (int k = 0; k < psOptions->nBandCount; k++)
    2312          87 :                             CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid[k]);
    2313          36 :                         CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid);
    2314          36 :                         oWK.papanBandSrcValid = nullptr;
    2315             :                     }
    2316             :                 }
    2317             :             }
    2318             :         }
    2319             :     }
    2320             : 
    2321             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2322             :     /*      Generate a source validity mask if we have a source mask for    */
    2323             :     /*      the whole input dataset (and didn't already treat it as         */
    2324             :     /*      alpha band).                                                    */
    2325             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2326             :     GDALRasterBandH hSrcBand =
    2327        3860 :         psOptions->nBandCount < 1
    2328        3860 :             ? nullptr
    2329        3860 :             : GDALGetRasterBand(psOptions->hSrcDS, psOptions->panSrcBands[0]);
    2330             : 
    2331        3856 :     if (eErr == CE_None && oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity == nullptr &&
    2332        3713 :         oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid == nullptr && psOptions->nSrcAlphaBand <= 0 &&
    2333        3532 :         (GDALGetMaskFlags(hSrcBand) & GMF_PER_DATASET)
    2334             :         // Need to double check for -nosrcalpha case.
    2335           5 :         && !(GDALGetMaskFlags(hSrcBand) & GMF_ALPHA) &&
    2336        7718 :         psOptions->padfSrcNoDataReal == nullptr && nSrcXSize > 0 &&
    2337           2 :         nSrcYSize > 0)
    2338             : 
    2339             :     {
    2340           2 :         eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "UnifiedSrcValid");
    2341             : 
    2342           2 :         if (eErr == CE_None)
    2343           2 :             eErr = GDALWarpSrcMaskMasker(
    2344           2 :                 psOptions, psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2345             :                 oWK.nSrcXOff, oWK.nSrcYOff, oWK.nSrcXSize, oWK.nSrcYSize,
    2346           2 :                 oWK.papabySrcImage, FALSE, oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid);
    2347             :     }
    2348             : 
    2349             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2350             :     /*      If we have destination nodata values create the                 */
    2351             :     /*      validity mask.  We set the DstValid for any pixel that we       */
    2352             :     /*      do no have valid data in *any* of the source bands.             */
    2353             :     /*                                                                      */
    2354             :     /*      Note that we don't support any concept of unified nodata on     */
    2355             :     /*      the destination image.  At some point that should be added      */
    2356             :     /*      and then this logic will be significantly different.            */
    2357             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2358        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal != nullptr)
    2359             :     {
    2360         587 :         CPLAssert(oWK.panDstValid == nullptr);
    2361             : 
    2362         587 :         const GPtrDiff_t nMaskBits =
    2363         587 :             static_cast<GPtrDiff_t>(oWK.nDstXSize) * oWK.nDstYSize;
    2364             : 
    2365         587 :         eErr = CreateKernelMask(&oWK, 0 /* not used */, "DstValid");
    2366             :         GUInt32 *panBandMask =
    2367         587 :             eErr == CE_None ? CPLMaskCreate(nMaskBits, true) : nullptr;
    2368             : 
    2369         587 :         if (eErr == CE_None && panBandMask != nullptr)
    2370             :         {
    2371        1241 :             for (int iBand = 0; iBand < psOptions->nBandCount; iBand++)
    2372             :             {
    2373         712 :                 CPLMaskSetAll(panBandMask, nMaskBits);
    2374             : 
    2375         712 :                 double adfNoData[2] = {psOptions->padfDstNoDataReal[iBand],
    2376         712 :                                        psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag != nullptr
    2377         712 :                                            ? psOptions->padfDstNoDataImag[iBand]
    2378         712 :                                            : 0.0};
    2379             : 
    2380         712 :                 int bAllValid = FALSE;
    2381        1424 :                 eErr = GDALWarpNoDataMasker(
    2382         712 :                     adfNoData, 1, psOptions->eWorkingDataType, oWK.nDstXOff,
    2383             :                     oWK.nDstYOff, oWK.nDstXSize, oWK.nDstYSize,
    2384         712 :                     oWK.papabyDstImage + iBand, FALSE, panBandMask, &bAllValid);
    2385             : 
    2386             :                 // Optimization: if there's a single band and all pixels are
    2387             :                 // valid then we don't need a mask.
    2388         712 :                 if (bAllValid && psOptions->nBandCount == 1)
    2389             :                 {
    2390             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    2391             :                     CPLDebug("WARP", "No need for a destination nodata mask as "
    2392             :                                      "all values are valid");
    2393             : #endif
    2394          58 :                     CPLFree(oWK.panDstValid);
    2395          58 :                     oWK.panDstValid = nullptr;
    2396          58 :                     break;
    2397             :                 }
    2398             : 
    2399         654 :                 CPLMaskMerge(oWK.panDstValid, panBandMask, nMaskBits);
    2400             :             }
    2401         587 :             CPLFree(panBandMask);
    2402             :         }
    2403             :     }
    2404             : 
    2405             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2406             :     /*      Release IO Mutex, and acquire warper mutex.                     */
    2407             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2408        3860 :     if (hIOMutex != nullptr)
    2409             :     {
    2410          11 :         CPLReleaseMutex(hIOMutex);
    2411          11 :         if (!CPLAcquireMutex(hWarpMutex, 600.0))
    2412             :         {
    2413           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2414             :                      "Failed to acquire WarpMutex in WarpRegion().");
    2415           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    2416             :         }
    2417             :     }
    2418             : 
    2419             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2420             :     /*      Optional application provided prewarp chunk processor.          */
    2421             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2422        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->pfnPreWarpChunkProcessor != nullptr)
    2423           0 :         eErr = psOptions->pfnPreWarpChunkProcessor(
    2424           0 :             &oWK, psOptions->pPreWarpProcessorArg);
    2425             : 
    2426             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2427             :     /*      Perform the warp.                                               */
    2428             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2429        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None)
    2430             :     {
    2431        3856 :         eErr = oWK.PerformWarp();
    2432        3856 :         ReportTiming("In memory warp operation");
    2433             :     }
    2434             : 
    2435             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2436             :     /*      Optional application provided postwarp chunk processor.         */
    2437             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2438        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->pfnPostWarpChunkProcessor != nullptr)
    2439           0 :         eErr = psOptions->pfnPostWarpChunkProcessor(
    2440           0 :             &oWK, psOptions->pPostWarpProcessorArg);
    2441             : 
    2442             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2443             :     /*      Release Warp Mutex, and acquire io mutex.                       */
    2444             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2445        3860 :     if (hIOMutex != nullptr)
    2446             :     {
    2447          11 :         CPLReleaseMutex(hWarpMutex);
    2448          11 :         if (!CPLAcquireMutex(hIOMutex, 600.0))
    2449             :         {
    2450           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2451             :                      "Failed to acquire IOMutex in WarpRegion().");
    2452           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    2453             :         }
    2454             :     }
    2455             : 
    2456             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2457             :     /*      Write destination alpha if available.                           */
    2458             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2459        3860 :     if (eErr == CE_None && psOptions->nDstAlphaBand > 0)
    2460             :     {
    2461        1749 :         eErr = GDALWarpDstAlphaMasker(
    2462        1749 :             psOptions, -psOptions->nBandCount, psOptions->eWorkingDataType,
    2463             :             oWK.nDstXOff, oWK.nDstYOff, oWK.nDstXSize, oWK.nDstYSize,
    2464        1749 :             oWK.papabyDstImage, TRUE, oWK.pafDstDensity);
    2465             :     }
    2466             : 
    2467             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2468             :     /*      Cleanup.                                                        */
    2469             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2470        3860 :     CPLFree(oWK.papabySrcImage[0]);
    2471        3860 :     CPLFree(oWK.papabySrcImage);
    2472        3860 :     CPLFree(oWK.papabyDstImage);
    2473             : 
    2474        3860 :     if (oWK.papanBandSrcValid != nullptr)
    2475             :     {
    2476          39 :         for (int i = 0; i < oWK.nBands; i++)
    2477          29 :             CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid[i]);
    2478          10 :         CPLFree(oWK.papanBandSrcValid);
    2479             :     }
    2480        3860 :     CPLFree(oWK.panUnifiedSrcValid);
    2481        3860 :     CPLFree(oWK.pafUnifiedSrcDensity);
    2482        3860 :     CPLFree(oWK.panDstValid);
    2483        3860 :     CPLFree(oWK.pafDstDensity);
    2484             : 
    2485        3860 :     return eErr;
    2486             : }
    2487             : 
    2488             : /************************************************************************/
    2489             : /*                       GDALWarpRegionToBuffer()                       */
    2490             : /************************************************************************/
    2491             : 
    2492             : /**
    2493             :  * @see GDALWarpOperation::WarpRegionToBuffer()
    2494             :  */
    2495             : 
    2496           0 : CPLErr GDALWarpRegionToBuffer(GDALWarpOperationH hOperation, int nDstXOff,
    2497             :                               int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize,
    2498             :                               void *pDataBuf, GDALDataType eBufDataType,
    2499             :                               int nSrcXOff, int nSrcYOff, int nSrcXSize,
    2500             :                               int nSrcYSize)
    2501             : 
    2502             : {
    2503           0 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(hOperation, "GDALWarpRegionToBuffer", CE_Failure);
    2504             : 
    2505             :     return reinterpret_cast<GDALWarpOperation *>(hOperation)
    2506           0 :         ->WarpRegionToBuffer(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, pDataBuf,
    2507             :                              eBufDataType, nSrcXOff, nSrcYOff, nSrcXSize,
    2508           0 :                              nSrcYSize);
    2509             : }
    2510             : 
    2511             : /************************************************************************/
    2512             : /*                          CreateKernelMask()                          */
    2513             : /*                                                                      */
    2514             : /*      If mask does not yet exist, create it.  Supported types are     */
    2515             : /*      the name of the variable in question.  That is                  */
    2516             : /*      "BandSrcValid", "UnifiedSrcValid", "UnifiedSrcDensity",         */
    2517             : /*      "DstValid", and "DstDensity".                                   */
    2518             : /************************************************************************/
    2519             : 
    2520        2894 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::CreateKernelMask(GDALWarpKernel *poKernel, int iBand,
    2521             :                                            const char *pszType)
    2522             : 
    2523             : {
    2524        2894 :     void **ppMask = nullptr;
    2525        2894 :     int nXSize = 0;
    2526        2894 :     int nYSize = 0;
    2527        2894 :     int nBitsPerPixel = 0;
    2528        2894 :     int nDefault = 0;
    2529        2894 :     int nExtraElts = 0;
    2530        2894 :     bool bDoMemset = true;
    2531             : 
    2532             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2533             :     /*      Get particulars of mask to be updated.                          */
    2534             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2535        2894 :     if (EQUAL(pszType, "BandSrcValid"))
    2536             :     {
    2537         325 :         if (poKernel->papanBandSrcValid == nullptr)
    2538         214 :             poKernel->papanBandSrcValid = static_cast<GUInt32 **>(
    2539         214 :                 CPLCalloc(sizeof(void *), poKernel->nBands));
    2540             : 
    2541         325 :         ppMask =
    2542         325 :             reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->papanBandSrcValid[iBand]));
    2543         325 :         nExtraElts = WARP_EXTRA_ELTS;
    2544         325 :         nXSize = poKernel->nSrcXSize;
    2545         325 :         nYSize = poKernel->nSrcYSize;
    2546         325 :         nBitsPerPixel = 1;
    2547         325 :         nDefault = 0xff;
    2548             :     }
    2549        2569 :     else if (EQUAL(pszType, "UnifiedSrcValid"))
    2550             :     {
    2551          47 :         ppMask = reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->panUnifiedSrcValid));
    2552          47 :         nExtraElts = WARP_EXTRA_ELTS;
    2553          47 :         nXSize = poKernel->nSrcXSize;
    2554          47 :         nYSize = poKernel->nSrcYSize;
    2555          47 :         nBitsPerPixel = 1;
    2556          47 :         nDefault = 0xff;
    2557             :     }
    2558        2522 :     else if (EQUAL(pszType, "UnifiedSrcDensity"))
    2559             :     {
    2560         186 :         ppMask = reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->pafUnifiedSrcDensity));
    2561         186 :         nExtraElts = WARP_EXTRA_ELTS;
    2562         186 :         nXSize = poKernel->nSrcXSize;
    2563         186 :         nYSize = poKernel->nSrcYSize;
    2564         186 :         nBitsPerPixel = 32;
    2565         186 :         nDefault = 0;
    2566         186 :         bDoMemset = false;
    2567             :     }
    2568        2336 :     else if (EQUAL(pszType, "DstValid"))
    2569             :     {
    2570         587 :         ppMask = reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->panDstValid));
    2571         587 :         nXSize = poKernel->nDstXSize;
    2572         587 :         nYSize = poKernel->nDstYSize;
    2573         587 :         nBitsPerPixel = 1;
    2574         587 :         nDefault = 0;
    2575             :     }
    2576        1749 :     else if (EQUAL(pszType, "DstDensity"))
    2577             :     {
    2578        1749 :         ppMask = reinterpret_cast<void **>(&(poKernel->pafDstDensity));
    2579        1749 :         nXSize = poKernel->nDstXSize;
    2580        1749 :         nYSize = poKernel->nDstYSize;
    2581        1749 :         nBitsPerPixel = 32;
    2582        1749 :         nDefault = 0;
    2583        1749 :         bDoMemset = false;
    2584             :     }
    2585             :     else
    2586             :     {
    2587           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2588             :                  "Internal error in CreateKernelMask(%s).", pszType);
    2589           0 :         return CE_Failure;
    2590             :     }
    2591             : 
    2592             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2593             :     /*      Allocate if needed.                                             */
    2594             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2595        2894 :     if (*ppMask == nullptr)
    2596             :     {
    2597        2894 :         const GIntBig nBytes =
    2598             :             nBitsPerPixel == 32
    2599        2894 :                 ? (static_cast<GIntBig>(nXSize) * nYSize + nExtraElts) * 4
    2600         959 :                 : (static_cast<GIntBig>(nXSize) * nYSize + nExtraElts + 31) / 8;
    2601             : 
    2602        2894 :         const size_t nByteSize_t = static_cast<size_t>(nBytes);
    2603             : #if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 4
    2604             :         if (static_cast<GIntBig>(nByteSize_t) != nBytes)
    2605             :         {
    2606             :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_OutOfMemory,
    2607             :                      "Cannot allocate " CPL_FRMT_GIB " bytes", nBytes);
    2608             :             return CE_Failure;
    2609             :         }
    2610             : #endif
    2611             : 
    2612        2894 :         *ppMask = VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(nByteSize_t);
    2613             : 
    2614        2894 :         if (*ppMask == nullptr)
    2615             :         {
    2616           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    2617             :         }
    2618             : 
    2619        2894 :         if (bDoMemset)
    2620         959 :             memset(*ppMask, nDefault, nByteSize_t);
    2621             :     }
    2622             : 
    2623        2894 :     return CE_None;
    2624             : }
    2625             : 
    2626             : /************************************************************************/
    2627             : /*               ComputeSourceWindowStartingFromSource()                */
    2628             : /************************************************************************/
    2629             : 
    2630             : constexpr int DEFAULT_STEP_COUNT = 21;
    2631             : 
    2632        1261 : void GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindowStartingFromSource(
    2633             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize,
    2634             :     double *padfSrcMinX, double *padfSrcMinY, double *padfSrcMaxX,
    2635             :     double *padfSrcMaxY)
    2636             : {
    2637        1261 :     const int nSrcRasterXSize = GDALGetRasterXSize(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    2638        1261 :     const int nSrcRasterYSize = GDALGetRasterYSize(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    2639        1261 :     if (nSrcRasterXSize == 0 || nSrcRasterYSize == 0)
    2640           0 :         return;
    2641             : 
    2642        1261 :     GDALWarpPrivateData *privateData = GetWarpPrivateData(this);
    2643        1261 :     if (privateData->nStepCount == 0)
    2644             :     {
    2645         312 :         int nStepCount = DEFAULT_STEP_COUNT;
    2646         312 :         std::vector<double> adfDstZ{};
    2647             : 
    2648             :         const char *pszSampleSteps =
    2649         312 :             CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_STEPS");
    2650         312 :         constexpr int knIntMax = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
    2651         312 :         if (pszSampleSteps && !EQUAL(pszSampleSteps, "ALL"))
    2652             :         {
    2653           0 :             nStepCount = atoi(
    2654           0 :                 CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_STEPS"));
    2655           0 :             nStepCount = std::max(2, nStepCount);
    2656             :         }
    2657             : 
    2658         312 :         const double dfStepSize = 1.0 / (nStepCount - 1);
    2659         312 :         if (nStepCount > knIntMax - 2 ||
    2660         312 :             (nStepCount + 2) > knIntMax / (nStepCount + 2))
    2661             :         {
    2662           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps : %d",
    2663             :                      nStepCount);
    2664           0 :             return;
    2665             :         }
    2666         312 :         const int nSampleMax = (nStepCount + 2) * (nStepCount + 2);
    2667             : 
    2668             :         try
    2669             :         {
    2670         312 :             privateData->abSuccess.resize(nSampleMax);
    2671         312 :             privateData->adfDstX.resize(nSampleMax);
    2672         312 :             privateData->adfDstY.resize(nSampleMax);
    2673         312 :             adfDstZ.resize(nSampleMax);
    2674             :         }
    2675           0 :         catch (const std::exception &)
    2676             :         {
    2677           0 :             return;
    2678             :         }
    2679             : 
    2680             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2681             :          */
    2682             :         /*      Setup sample points on a grid pattern throughout the source */
    2683             :         /*      raster. */
    2684             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2685             :          */
    2686         312 :         int iPoint = 0;
    2687        7488 :         for (int iY = 0; iY < nStepCount + 2; iY++)
    2688             :         {
    2689       14040 :             const double dfRatioY = (iY == 0) ? 0.5 / nSrcRasterYSize
    2690        6864 :                                     : (iY <= nStepCount)
    2691        6864 :                                         ? (iY - 1) * dfStepSize
    2692         312 :                                         : 1 - 0.5 / nSrcRasterYSize;
    2693      172224 :             for (int iX = 0; iX < nStepCount + 2; iX++)
    2694             :             {
    2695      322920 :                 const double dfRatioX = (iX == 0) ? 0.5 / nSrcRasterXSize
    2696      157872 :                                         : (iX <= nStepCount)
    2697      157872 :                                             ? (iX - 1) * dfStepSize
    2698        7176 :                                             : 1 - 0.5 / nSrcRasterXSize;
    2699      165048 :                 privateData->adfDstX[iPoint] = dfRatioX * nSrcRasterXSize;
    2700      165048 :                 privateData->adfDstY[iPoint] = dfRatioY * nSrcRasterYSize;
    2701      165048 :                 iPoint++;
    2702             :             }
    2703             :         }
    2704         312 :         CPLAssert(iPoint == nSampleMax);
    2705             : 
    2706             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2707             :          */
    2708             :         /*      Transform them to the output pixel coordinate space */
    2709             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
    2710             :          */
    2711         312 :         psOptions->pfnTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg, FALSE, nSampleMax,
    2712             :                                   privateData->adfDstX.data(),
    2713             :                                   privateData->adfDstY.data(), adfDstZ.data(),
    2714             :                                   privateData->abSuccess.data());
    2715         312 :         privateData->nStepCount = nStepCount;
    2716             :     }
    2717             : 
    2718             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2719             :     /*      Collect the bounds, ignoring any failed points.                 */
    2720             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2721        1261 :     const int nStepCount = privateData->nStepCount;
    2722        1261 :     const double dfStepSize = 1.0 / (nStepCount - 1);
    2723        1261 :     int iPoint = 0;
    2724             : #ifdef DEBUG
    2725        1261 :     const size_t nSampleMax =
    2726        1261 :         static_cast<size_t>(nStepCount + 2) * (nStepCount + 2);
    2727        1261 :     CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(nSampleMax);
    2728        1261 :     CPLAssert(privateData->adfDstX.size() == nSampleMax);
    2729        1261 :     CPLAssert(privateData->adfDstY.size() == nSampleMax);
    2730        1261 :     CPLAssert(privateData->abSuccess.size() == nSampleMax);
    2731             : #endif
    2732       30264 :     for (int iY = 0; iY < nStepCount + 2; iY++)
    2733             :     {
    2734       56745 :         const double dfRatioY = (iY == 0) ? 0.5 / nSrcRasterYSize
    2735             :                                 : (iY <= nStepCount)
    2736       27742 :                                     ? (iY - 1) * dfStepSize
    2737        1261 :                                     : 1 - 0.5 / nSrcRasterYSize;
    2738      696072 :         for (int iX = 0; iX < nStepCount + 2; iX++)
    2739             :         {
    2740      667069 :             if (privateData->abSuccess[iPoint] &&
    2741      631551 :                 privateData->adfDstX[iPoint] >= nDstXOff &&
    2742      459287 :                 privateData->adfDstX[iPoint] <= nDstXOff + nDstXSize &&
    2743     1529120 :                 privateData->adfDstY[iPoint] >= nDstYOff &&
    2744      230495 :                 privateData->adfDstY[iPoint] <= nDstYOff + nDstYSize)
    2745             :             {
    2746      343551 :                 const double dfRatioX = (iX == 0) ? 0.5 / nSrcRasterXSize
    2747             :                                         : (iX <= nStepCount)
    2748      168003 :                                             ? (iX - 1) * dfStepSize
    2749        7543 :                                             : 1 - 0.5 / nSrcRasterXSize;
    2750      175548 :                 double dfSrcX = dfRatioX * nSrcRasterXSize;
    2751      175548 :                 double dfSrcY = dfRatioY * nSrcRasterYSize;
    2752      175548 :                 *padfSrcMinX = std::min(*padfSrcMinX, dfSrcX);
    2753      175548 :                 *padfSrcMinY = std::min(*padfSrcMinY, dfSrcY);
    2754      175548 :                 *padfSrcMaxX = std::max(*padfSrcMaxX, dfSrcX);
    2755      175548 :                 *padfSrcMaxY = std::max(*padfSrcMaxY, dfSrcY);
    2756             :             }
    2757      667069 :             iPoint++;
    2758             :         }
    2759             :     }
    2760             : }
    2761             : 
    2762             : /************************************************************************/
    2763             : /*                 ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints()                 */
    2764             : /************************************************************************/
    2765             : 
    2766        6704 : bool GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    2767             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, bool bUseGrid,
    2768             :     bool bAll, int nStepCount, bool bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj,
    2769             :     double &dfMinXOut, double &dfMinYOut, double &dfMaxXOut, double &dfMaxYOut,
    2770             :     int &nSamplePoints, int &nFailedCount)
    2771             : {
    2772        6704 :     nSamplePoints = 0;
    2773        6704 :     nFailedCount = 0;
    2774             : 
    2775        6704 :     const double dfStepSize = bAll ? 0 : 1.0 / (nStepCount - 1);
    2776        6704 :     constexpr int knIntMax = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
    2777        6704 :     int nSampleMax = 0;
    2778        6704 :     if (bUseGrid)
    2779             :     {
    2780        1323 :         if (bAll)
    2781             :         {
    2782           0 :             if (nDstXSize > knIntMax - 1 ||
    2783           0 :                 nDstYSize > knIntMax / (nDstXSize + 1) - 1)
    2784             :             {
    2785           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps");
    2786           0 :                 return false;
    2787             :             }
    2788           0 :             nSampleMax = (nDstXSize + 1) * (nDstYSize + 1);
    2789             :         }
    2790             :         else
    2791             :         {
    2792        1323 :             if (nStepCount > knIntMax - 2 ||
    2793        1323 :                 (nStepCount + 2) > knIntMax / (nStepCount + 2))
    2794             :             {
    2795           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps : %d",
    2796             :                          nStepCount);
    2797           0 :                 return false;
    2798             :             }
    2799        1323 :             nSampleMax = (nStepCount + 2) * (nStepCount + 2);
    2800             :         }
    2801             :     }
    2802             :     else
    2803             :     {
    2804        5381 :         if (bAll)
    2805             :         {
    2806         160 :             if (nDstXSize > knIntMax / 2 - nDstYSize)
    2807             :             {
    2808             :                 // Extremely unlikely !
    2809           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps");
    2810           0 :                 return false;
    2811             :             }
    2812         160 :             nSampleMax = 2 * (nDstXSize + nDstYSize);
    2813             :         }
    2814             :         else
    2815             :         {
    2816        5221 :             if (nStepCount > knIntMax / 4)
    2817             :             {
    2818           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Too many steps : %d * 4",
    2819             :                          nStepCount);
    2820           0 :                 return false;
    2821             :             }
    2822        5221 :             nSampleMax = nStepCount * 4;
    2823             :         }
    2824             :     }
    2825             : 
    2826             :     int *pabSuccess =
    2827        6704 :         static_cast<int *>(VSI_MALLOC2_VERBOSE(sizeof(int), nSampleMax));
    2828             :     double *padfX = static_cast<double *>(
    2829        6704 :         VSI_MALLOC2_VERBOSE(sizeof(double) * 3, nSampleMax));
    2830        6704 :     if (pabSuccess == nullptr || padfX == nullptr)
    2831             :     {
    2832           0 :         CPLFree(padfX);
    2833           0 :         CPLFree(pabSuccess);
    2834           0 :         return false;
    2835             :     }
    2836        6704 :     double *padfY = padfX + nSampleMax;
    2837        6704 :     double *padfZ = padfX + static_cast<size_t>(nSampleMax) * 2;
    2838             : 
    2839             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2840             :     /*      Setup sample points on a grid pattern throughout the area.      */
    2841             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2842        6704 :     if (bUseGrid)
    2843             :     {
    2844        1323 :         if (bAll)
    2845             :         {
    2846           0 :             for (int iY = 0; iY <= nDstYSize; ++iY)
    2847             :             {
    2848           0 :                 for (int iX = 0; iX <= nDstXSize; ++iX)
    2849             :                 {
    2850           0 :                     padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff + iX;
    2851           0 :                     padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + iY;
    2852           0 :                     padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2853             :                 }
    2854             :             }
    2855             :         }
    2856             :         else
    2857             :         {
    2858       31752 :             for (int iY = 0; iY < nStepCount + 2; iY++)
    2859             :             {
    2860       59535 :                 const double dfRatioY = (iY == 0) ? 0.5 / nDstXSize
    2861             :                                         : (iY <= nStepCount)
    2862       29106 :                                             ? (iY - 1) * dfStepSize
    2863        1323 :                                             : 1 - 0.5 / nDstXSize;
    2864      730296 :                 for (int iX = 0; iX < nStepCount + 2; iX++)
    2865             :                 {
    2866     1369300 :                     const double dfRatioX = (iX == 0) ? 0.5 / nDstXSize
    2867             :                                             : (iX <= nStepCount)
    2868      669438 :                                                 ? (iX - 1) * dfStepSize
    2869       30429 :                                                 : 1 - 0.5 / nDstXSize;
    2870      699867 :                     padfX[nSamplePoints] = dfRatioX * nDstXSize + nDstXOff;
    2871      699867 :                     padfY[nSamplePoints] = dfRatioY * nDstYSize + nDstYOff;
    2872      699867 :                     padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2873             :                 }
    2874             :             }
    2875             :         }
    2876             :     }
    2877             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2878             :     /*      Setup sample points all around the edge of the output raster.   */
    2879             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2880             :     else
    2881             :     {
    2882        5381 :         if (bAll)
    2883             :         {
    2884       68927 :             for (int iX = 0; iX <= nDstXSize; ++iX)
    2885             :             {
    2886             :                 // Along top
    2887       68767 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff + iX;
    2888       68767 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff;
    2889       68767 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2890             : 
    2891             :                 // Along bottom
    2892       68767 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff + iX;
    2893       68767 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + nDstYSize;
    2894       68767 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2895             :             }
    2896             : 
    2897       44154 :             for (int iY = 1; iY < nDstYSize; ++iY)
    2898             :             {
    2899             :                 // Along left
    2900       43994 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff;
    2901       43994 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + iY;
    2902       43994 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2903             : 
    2904             :                 // Along right
    2905       43994 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff + nDstXSize;
    2906       43994 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + iY;
    2907       43994 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2908             :             }
    2909             :         }
    2910             :         else
    2911             :         {
    2912      114862 :             for (double dfRatio = 0.0; dfRatio <= 1.0 + dfStepSize * 0.5;
    2913      109641 :                  dfRatio += dfStepSize)
    2914             :             {
    2915             :                 // Along top
    2916      109641 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = dfRatio * nDstXSize + nDstXOff;
    2917      109641 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff;
    2918      109641 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2919             : 
    2920             :                 // Along bottom
    2921      109641 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = dfRatio * nDstXSize + nDstXOff;
    2922      109641 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = nDstYOff + nDstYSize;
    2923      109641 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2924             : 
    2925             :                 // Along left
    2926      109641 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXOff;
    2927      109641 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = dfRatio * nDstYSize + nDstYOff;
    2928      109641 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2929             : 
    2930             :                 // Along right
    2931      109641 :                 padfX[nSamplePoints] = nDstXSize + nDstXOff;
    2932      109641 :                 padfY[nSamplePoints] = dfRatio * nDstYSize + nDstYOff;
    2933      109641 :                 padfZ[nSamplePoints++] = 0.0;
    2934             :             }
    2935             :         }
    2936             :     }
    2937             : 
    2938        6704 :     CPLAssert(nSamplePoints == nSampleMax);
    2939             : 
    2940             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2941             :     /*      Transform them to the input pixel coordinate space              */
    2942             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2943             : 
    2944         138 :     const auto RefreshTransformer = [this]()
    2945             :     {
    2946          46 :         if (GDALIsTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg,
    2947             :                               GDAL_GEN_IMG_TRANSFORMER_CLASS_NAME))
    2948             :         {
    2949           0 :             GDALRefreshGenImgProjTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg);
    2950             :         }
    2951          46 :         else if (GDALIsTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg,
    2952             :                                    GDAL_APPROX_TRANSFORMER_CLASS_NAME))
    2953             :         {
    2954          46 :             GDALRefreshApproxTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg);
    2955             :         }
    2956        6750 :     };
    2957             : 
    2958        6704 :     if (bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj)
    2959             :     {
    2960          23 :         CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption("CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ", "YES");
    2961          23 :         RefreshTransformer();
    2962             :     }
    2963        6704 :     psOptions->pfnTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg, TRUE, nSamplePoints,
    2964             :                               padfX, padfY, padfZ, pabSuccess);
    2965        6704 :     if (bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj)
    2966             :     {
    2967          23 :         CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption("CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ", nullptr);
    2968          23 :         RefreshTransformer();
    2969             :     }
    2970             : 
    2971             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2972             :     /*      Collect the bounds, ignoring any failed points.                 */
    2973             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2974     1370660 :     for (int i = 0; i < nSamplePoints; i++)
    2975             :     {
    2976     1363950 :         if (!pabSuccess[i])
    2977             :         {
    2978      112179 :             nFailedCount++;
    2979      112179 :             continue;
    2980             :         }
    2981             : 
    2982             :         // If this happens this is likely the symptom of a bug somewhere.
    2983     1251770 :         if (std::isnan(padfX[i]) || std::isnan(padfY[i]))
    2984             :         {
    2985             :             static bool bNanCoordFound = false;
    2986           0 :             if (!bNanCoordFound)
    2987             :             {
    2988           0 :                 CPLDebug("WARP",
    2989             :                          "ComputeSourceWindow(): "
    2990             :                          "NaN coordinate found on point %d.",
    2991             :                          i);
    2992           0 :                 bNanCoordFound = true;
    2993             :             }
    2994           0 :             nFailedCount++;
    2995           0 :             continue;
    2996             :         }
    2997             : 
    2998     1251770 :         dfMinXOut = std::min(dfMinXOut, padfX[i]);
    2999     1251770 :         dfMinYOut = std::min(dfMinYOut, padfY[i]);
    3000     1251770 :         dfMaxXOut = std::max(dfMaxXOut, padfX[i]);
    3001     1251770 :         dfMaxYOut = std::max(dfMaxYOut, padfY[i]);
    3002             :     }
    3003             : 
    3004        6704 :     CPLFree(padfX);
    3005        6704 :     CPLFree(pabSuccess);
    3006        6704 :     return true;
    3007             : }
    3008             : 
    3009             : /************************************************************************/
    3010             : /*                        ComputeSourceWindow()                         */
    3011             : /************************************************************************/
    3012             : 
    3013             : /** Given a target window starting at pixel (nDstOff, nDstYOff) and of
    3014             :  * dimension (nDstXSize, nDstYSize), compute the corresponding window in
    3015             :  * the source raster, and return the source position in (*pnSrcXOff, *pnSrcYOff),
    3016             :  * the source dimension in (*pnSrcXSize, *pnSrcYSize).
    3017             :  * If pdfSrcXExtraSize is not null, its pointed value will be filled with the
    3018             :  * number of extra source pixels in X dimension to acquire to take into account
    3019             :  * the size of the resampling kernel. Similarly for pdfSrcYExtraSize for the
    3020             :  * Y dimension.
    3021             :  * If pdfSrcFillRatio is not null, its pointed value will be filled with the
    3022             :  * the ratio of the clamped source raster window size over the unclamped source
    3023             :  * raster window size. When this ratio is too low, this might be an indication
    3024             :  * that it might be beneficial to split the target window to avoid requesting
    3025             :  * too many source pixels.
    3026             :  */
    3027        6383 : CPLErr GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindow(
    3028             :     int nDstXOff, int nDstYOff, int nDstXSize, int nDstYSize, int *pnSrcXOff,
    3029             :     int *pnSrcYOff, int *pnSrcXSize, int *pnSrcYSize, double *pdfSrcXExtraSize,
    3030             :     double *pdfSrcYExtraSize, double *pdfSrcFillRatio)
    3031             : 
    3032             : {
    3033             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3034             :     /*      Figure out whether we just want to do the usual "along the      */
    3035             :     /*      edge" sampling, or using a grid.  The grid usage is             */
    3036             :     /*      important in some weird "inside out" cases like WGS84 to        */
    3037             :     /*      polar stereographic around the pole.   Also figure out the      */
    3038             :     /*      sampling rate.                                                  */
    3039             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3040        6383 :     int nStepCount = DEFAULT_STEP_COUNT;
    3041        6383 :     bool bAll = false;
    3042             : 
    3043             :     bool bUseGrid =
    3044        6383 :         CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_GRID", false);
    3045             : 
    3046             :     const char *pszSampleSteps =
    3047        6383 :         CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SAMPLE_STEPS");
    3048        6383 :     if (pszSampleSteps)
    3049             :     {
    3050          94 :         if (EQUAL(pszSampleSteps, "ALL"))
    3051             :         {
    3052          94 :             bAll = true;
    3053             :         }
    3054             :         else
    3055             :         {
    3056           0 :             nStepCount = atoi(pszSampleSteps);
    3057           0 :             nStepCount = std::max(2, nStepCount);
    3058             :         }
    3059             :     }
    3060        6289 :     else if (!bUseGrid)
    3061             :     {
    3062             :         // Detect if at least one of the 4 corner in destination raster fails
    3063             :         // to project back to source.
    3064             :         // Helps for long-lat to orthographic on areas that are partly in
    3065             :         // space / partly on Earth. Cf https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/9056
    3066             :         double adfCornerX[4];
    3067             :         double adfCornerY[4];
    3068        5287 :         double adfCornerZ[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
    3069        5287 :         int anCornerSuccess[4] = {FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE};
    3070        5287 :         adfCornerX[0] = nDstXOff;
    3071        5287 :         adfCornerY[0] = nDstYOff;
    3072        5287 :         adfCornerX[1] = nDstXOff + nDstXSize;
    3073        5287 :         adfCornerY[1] = nDstYOff;
    3074        5287 :         adfCornerX[2] = nDstXOff;
    3075        5287 :         adfCornerY[2] = nDstYOff + nDstYSize;
    3076        5287 :         adfCornerX[3] = nDstXOff + nDstXSize;
    3077        5287 :         adfCornerY[3] = nDstYOff + nDstYSize;
    3078        5287 :         if (!psOptions->pfnTransformer(psOptions->pTransformerArg, TRUE, 4,
    3079             :                                        adfCornerX, adfCornerY, adfCornerZ,
    3080        5221 :                                        anCornerSuccess) ||
    3081       10508 :             !anCornerSuccess[0] || !anCornerSuccess[1] || !anCornerSuccess[2] ||
    3082        5221 :             !anCornerSuccess[3])
    3083             :         {
    3084          66 :             bAll = true;
    3085             :         }
    3086             :     }
    3087             : 
    3088        6383 :     bool bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj = false;
    3089        6383 :     double dfMinXOut = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    3090        6383 :     double dfMinYOut = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    3091        6383 :     double dfMaxXOut = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    3092        6383 :     double dfMaxYOut = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    3093             : 
    3094        6383 :     int nSamplePoints = 0;
    3095        6383 :     int nFailedCount = 0;
    3096        6383 :     if (!ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    3097             :             nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, bUseGrid, bAll,
    3098             :             nStepCount, bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj, dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut,
    3099             :             dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut, nSamplePoints, nFailedCount))
    3100             :     {
    3101           0 :         return CE_Failure;
    3102             :     }
    3103             : 
    3104             :     // Use grid sampling as soon as a special point falls into the extent of
    3105             :     // the target raster.
    3106        6383 :     if (!bUseGrid && psOptions->hDstDS)
    3107             :     {
    3108       13029 :         for (const auto &xy : aDstXYSpecialPoints)
    3109             :         {
    3110       17525 :             if (0 <= xy.first &&
    3111        1737 :                 GDALGetRasterXSize(psOptions->hDstDS) >= xy.first &&
    3112       10427 :                 0 <= xy.second &&
    3113         796 :                 GDALGetRasterYSize(psOptions->hDstDS) >= xy.second)
    3114             :             {
    3115         233 :                 bUseGrid = true;
    3116         233 :                 bAll = false;
    3117         233 :                 if (!ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    3118             :                         nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, bUseGrid,
    3119             :                         bAll, nStepCount, bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj,
    3120             :                         dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut, dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut,
    3121             :                         nSamplePoints, nFailedCount))
    3122             :                 {
    3123           0 :                     return CE_Failure;
    3124             :                 }
    3125         233 :                 break;
    3126             :             }
    3127             :         }
    3128             :     }
    3129             : 
    3130        6383 :     const int nRasterXSize = GDALGetRasterXSize(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    3131        6383 :     const int nRasterYSize = GDALGetRasterYSize(psOptions->hSrcDS);
    3132             : 
    3133             :     // Try to detect crazy values coming from reprojection that would not
    3134             :     // have resulted in a PROJ error. Could happen for example with PROJ
    3135             :     // <= 4.9.2 with inverse UTM/tmerc (Snyder approximation without sanity
    3136             :     // check) when being far away from the central meridian. But might be worth
    3137             :     // keeping that even for later versions in case some exotic projection isn't
    3138             :     // properly sanitized.
    3139        6309 :     if (nFailedCount == 0 && !bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj &&
    3140        6309 :         (dfMinXOut < -1e6 || dfMinYOut < -1e6 ||
    3141       12696 :          dfMaxXOut > nRasterXSize + 1e6 || dfMaxYOut > nRasterYSize + 1e6) &&
    3142          23 :         !CPLTestBool(CPLGetConfigOption("CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ", "NO")))
    3143             :     {
    3144          23 :         CPLDebug("WARP",
    3145             :                  "ComputeSourceWindow(): bogus source dataset window "
    3146             :                  "returned. Trying again with CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ=YES");
    3147          23 :         bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj = true;
    3148             : 
    3149             :         // We should probably perform the coordinate transformation in the
    3150             :         // warp kernel under CHECK_WITH_INVERT_PROJ too...
    3151          23 :         if (!ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    3152             :                 nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, bUseGrid, bAll,
    3153             :                 nStepCount, bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj, dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut,
    3154             :                 dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut, nSamplePoints, nFailedCount))
    3155             :         {
    3156           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    3157             :         }
    3158             :     }
    3159             : 
    3160             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3161             :     /*      If we got any failures when not using a grid, we should         */
    3162             :     /*      really go back and try again with the grid.  Sorry for the      */
    3163             :     /*      goto.                                                           */
    3164             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3165        6383 :     if (!bUseGrid && nFailedCount > 0)
    3166             :     {
    3167          65 :         bUseGrid = true;
    3168          65 :         bAll = false;
    3169          65 :         if (!ComputeSourceWindowTransformPoints(
    3170             :                 nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, bUseGrid, bAll,
    3171             :                 nStepCount, bTryWithCheckWithInvertProj, dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut,
    3172             :                 dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut, nSamplePoints, nFailedCount))
    3173             :         {
    3174           0 :             return CE_Failure;
    3175             :         }
    3176             :     }
    3177             : 
    3178             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3179             :     /*      If we get hardly any points (or none) transforming, we give     */
    3180             :     /*      up.                                                             */
    3181             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3182        6383 :     if (nFailedCount > nSamplePoints - 5)
    3183             :     {
    3184             :         const bool bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow =
    3185          39 :             CPLFetchBool(psOptions->papszWarpOptions,
    3186             :                          "ERROR_OUT_IF_EMPTY_SOURCE_WINDOW", true);
    3187          39 :         if (bErrorOutIfEmptySourceWindow)
    3188             :         {
    3189           3 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3190             :                      "Too many points (%d out of %d) failed to transform, "
    3191             :                      "unable to compute output bounds.",
    3192             :                      nFailedCount, nSamplePoints);
    3193             :         }
    3194             :         else
    3195             :         {
    3196          36 :             CPLDebug("WARP", "Cannot determine source window for %d,%d,%d,%d",
    3197             :                      nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize);
    3198             :         }
    3199          39 :         return CE_Failure;
    3200             :     }
    3201             : 
    3202        6344 :     if (nFailedCount > 0)
    3203          39 :         CPLDebug("GDAL",
    3204             :                  "GDALWarpOperation::ComputeSourceWindow() %d out of %d "
    3205             :                  "points failed to transform.",
    3206             :                  nFailedCount, nSamplePoints);
    3207             : 
    3208             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3209             :     /*   In some cases (see https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/862)       */
    3210             :     /*   the reverse transform does not work at some points, so try by      */
    3211             :     /*   transforming from source raster space to target raster space and   */
    3212             :     /*   see which source coordinates end up being in the AOI in the target */
    3213             :     /*   raster space.                                                      */
    3214             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3215        6344 :     if (bUseGrid)
    3216             :     {
    3217        1261 :         ComputeSourceWindowStartingFromSource(nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize,
    3218             :                                               nDstYSize, &dfMinXOut, &dfMinYOut,
    3219             :                                               &dfMaxXOut, &dfMaxYOut);
    3220             :     }
    3221             : 
    3222             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3223             :     /*   Early exit to avoid crazy values to cause a huge nResWinSize that  */
    3224             :     /*   would result in a result window wrongly covering the whole raster. */
    3225             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3226        6344 :     if (dfMinXOut > nRasterXSize || dfMaxXOut < 0 || dfMinYOut > nRasterYSize ||
    3227        5274 :         dfMaxYOut < 0)
    3228             :     {
    3229        1531 :         *pnSrcXOff = 0;
    3230        1531 :         *pnSrcYOff = 0;
    3231        1531 :         *pnSrcXSize = 0;
    3232        1531 :         *pnSrcYSize = 0;
    3233        1531 :         if (pdfSrcXExtraSize)
    3234        1531 :             *pdfSrcXExtraSize = 0.0;
    3235        1531 :         if (pdfSrcYExtraSize)
    3236        1531 :             *pdfSrcYExtraSize = 0.0;
    3237        1531 :         if (pdfSrcFillRatio)
    3238         949 :             *pdfSrcFillRatio = 0.0;
    3239        1531 :         return CE_None;
    3240             :     }
    3241             : 
    3242             :     // For scenarios where warping is used as a "decoration", try to clamp
    3243             :     // source pixel coordinates to integer when very close.
    3244       19252 :     const auto roundIfCloseEnough = [](double dfVal)
    3245             :     {
    3246       19252 :         const double dfRounded = std::round(dfVal);
    3247       19252 :         if (std::fabs(dfRounded - dfVal) < 1e-6)
    3248       15213 :             return dfRounded;
    3249        4039 :         return dfVal;
    3250             :     };
    3251             : 
    3252        4813 :     dfMinXOut = roundIfCloseEnough(dfMinXOut);
    3253        4813 :     dfMinYOut = roundIfCloseEnough(dfMinYOut);
    3254        4813 :     dfMaxXOut = roundIfCloseEnough(dfMaxXOut);
    3255        4813 :     dfMaxYOut = roundIfCloseEnough(dfMaxYOut);
    3256             : 
    3257        4813 :     if (m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries)
    3258             :     {
    3259         376 :         CPLAssert(dfMinXOut == std::round(dfMinXOut));
    3260         376 :         CPLAssert(dfMinYOut == std::round(dfMinYOut));
    3261         376 :         CPLAssert(dfMaxXOut == std::round(dfMaxXOut));
    3262         376 :         CPLAssert(dfMaxYOut == std::round(dfMaxYOut));
    3263         376 :         CPLAssert(std::round(dfMaxXOut - dfMinXOut) == nDstXSize);
    3264         376 :         CPLAssert(std::round(dfMaxYOut - dfMinYOut) == nDstYSize);
    3265             :     }
    3266             : 
    3267             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3268             :     /*      How much of a window around our source pixel might we need      */
    3269             :     /*      to collect data from based on the resampling kernel?  Even      */
    3270             :     /*      if the requested central pixel falls off the source image,      */
    3271             :     /*      we may need to collect data if some portion of the              */
    3272             :     /*      resampling kernel could be on-image.                            */
    3273             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3274        4813 :     const int nResWinSize = m_bIsTranslationOnPixelBoundaries
    3275        4813 :                                 ? 0
    3276        4437 :                                 : GWKGetFilterRadius(psOptions->eResampleAlg);
    3277             : 
    3278             :     // Take scaling into account.
    3279             :     // Avoid ridiculous small scaling factors to avoid potential further integer
    3280             :     // overflows
    3281        9626 :     const double dfXScale = std::max(1e-3, static_cast<double>(nDstXSize) /
    3282        4813 :                                                (dfMaxXOut - dfMinXOut));
    3283        9626 :     const double dfYScale = std::max(1e-3, static_cast<double>(nDstYSize) /
    3284        4813 :                                                (dfMaxYOut - dfMinYOut));
    3285        4813 :     int nXRadius = dfXScale < 0.95
    3286        4813 :                        ? static_cast<int>(ceil(nResWinSize / dfXScale))
    3287             :                        : nResWinSize;
    3288        4813 :     int nYRadius = dfYScale < 0.95
    3289        4813 :                        ? static_cast<int>(ceil(nResWinSize / dfYScale))
    3290             :                        : nResWinSize;
    3291             : 
    3292             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3293             :     /*      Allow addition of extra sample pixels to source window to       */
    3294             :     /*      avoid missing pixels due to sampling error.  In fact,           */
    3295             :     /*      fallback to adding a bit to the window if any points failed     */
    3296             :     /*      to transform.                                                   */
    3297             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3298        4813 :     if (const char *pszSourceExtra =
    3299        4813 :             CSLFetchNameValue(psOptions->papszWarpOptions, "SOURCE_EXTRA"))
    3300             :     {
    3301          81 :         int nSrcExtra = cpl::strict_parse<int>(pszSourceExtra).value_or(-1);
    3302             : 
    3303          81 :         if (nSrcExtra < 0)
    3304             :         {
    3305             :             // no point raising CE_Failure because it will get converted into
    3306             :             // a warning at an outer scope
    3307           1 :             CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_IllegalArg,
    3308             :                      "SOURCE_EXTRA must be a positive integer or zero.");
    3309           1 :             nSrcExtra = 0;
    3310             :         }
    3311             : 
    3312          81 :         nXRadius += nSrcExtra;
    3313          81 :         nYRadius += nSrcExtra;
    3314             :     }
    3315        4732 :     else if (nFailedCount > 0)
    3316             :     {
    3317          33 :         nXRadius += 10;
    3318          33 :         nYRadius += 10;
    3319             :     }
    3320             : 
    3321             : /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3322             : /*      return bounds.                                                  */
    3323             : /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3324             : #if DEBUG_VERBOSE
    3325             :     CPLDebug("WARP",
    3326             :              "dst=(%d,%d,%d,%d) raw "
    3327             :              "src=(minx=%.17g,miny=%.17g,maxx=%.17g,maxy=%.17g)",
    3328             :              nDstXOff, nDstYOff, nDstXSize, nDstYSize, dfMinXOut, dfMinYOut,
    3329             :              dfMaxXOut, dfMaxYOut);
    3330             : #endif
    3331        4813 :     const int nMinXOutClamped = static_cast<int>(std::max(0.0, dfMinXOut));
    3332        4813 :     const int nMinYOutClamped = static_cast<int>(std::max(0.0, dfMinYOut));
    3333             :     const int nMaxXOutClamped = static_cast<int>(
    3334        4813 :         std::min(ceil(dfMaxXOut), static_cast<double>(nRasterXSize)));
    3335             :     const int nMaxYOutClamped = static_cast<int>(
    3336        4813 :         std::min(ceil(dfMaxYOut), static_cast<double>(nRasterYSize)));
    3337             : 
    3338             :     const double dfSrcXSizeRaw = std::max(
    3339       14439 :         0.0, std::min(static_cast<double>(nRasterXSize - nMinXOutClamped),
    3340        4813 :                       dfMaxXOut - dfMinXOut));
    3341             :     const double dfSrcYSizeRaw = std::max(
    3342       14439 :         0.0, std::min(static_cast<double>(nRasterYSize - nMinYOutClamped),
    3343        4813 :                       dfMaxYOut - dfMinYOut));
    3344             : 
    3345             :     // If we cover more than 90% of the width, then use it fully (helps for
    3346             :     // anti-meridian discontinuities)
    3347        4813 :     if (nMaxXOutClamped - nMinXOutClamped > 0.9 * nRasterXSize)
    3348             :     {
    3349        1595 :         *pnSrcXOff = 0;
    3350        1595 :         *pnSrcXSize = nRasterXSize;
    3351             :     }
    3352             :     else
    3353             :     {
    3354        3218 :         *pnSrcXOff =
    3355        3218 :             std::max(0, std::min(nMinXOutClamped - nXRadius, nRasterXSize));
    3356        3218 :         *pnSrcXSize =
    3357        9654 :             std::max(0, std::min(nRasterXSize - *pnSrcXOff,
    3358        3218 :                                  nMaxXOutClamped - *pnSrcXOff + nXRadius));
    3359             :     }
    3360             : 
    3361        4813 :     if (nMaxYOutClamped - nMinYOutClamped > 0.9 * nRasterYSize)
    3362             :     {
    3363        1493 :         *pnSrcYOff = 0;
    3364        1493 :         *pnSrcYSize = nRasterYSize;
    3365             :     }
    3366             :     else
    3367             :     {
    3368        3320 :         *pnSrcYOff =
    3369        3320 :             std::max(0, std::min(nMinYOutClamped - nYRadius, nRasterYSize));
    3370        3320 :         *pnSrcYSize =
    3371        9960 :             std::max(0, std::min(nRasterYSize - *pnSrcYOff,
    3372        3320 :                                  nMaxYOutClamped - *pnSrcYOff + nYRadius));
    3373             :     }
    3374             : 
    3375        4813 :     if (pdfSrcXExtraSize)
    3376        4813 :         *pdfSrcXExtraSize = *pnSrcXSize - dfSrcXSizeRaw;
    3377        4813 :     if (pdfSrcYExtraSize)
    3378        4813 :         *pdfSrcYExtraSize = *pnSrcYSize - dfSrcYSizeRaw;
    3379             : 
    3380             :     // Computed the ratio of the clamped source raster window size over
    3381             :     // the unclamped source raster window size.
    3382        4813 :     if (pdfSrcFillRatio)
    3383        3653 :         *pdfSrcFillRatio =
    3384        7306 :             static_cast<double>(*pnSrcXSize) * (*pnSrcYSize) /
    3385        3653 :             std::max(1.0, (dfMaxXOut - dfMinXOut + 2 * nXRadius) *
    3386        3653 :                               (dfMaxYOut - dfMinYOut + 2 * nYRadius));
    3387             : 
    3388        4813 :     return CE_None;
    3389             : }
    3390             : 
    3391             : /************************************************************************/
    3392             : /*                            ReportTiming()                            */
    3393             : /************************************************************************/
    3394             : 
    3395       12737 : void GDALWarpOperation::ReportTiming(const char *pszMessage)
    3396             : 
    3397             : {
    3398       12737 :     if (!bReportTimings)
    3399       12737 :         return;
    3400             : 
    3401           0 :     const unsigned long nNewTime = VSITime(nullptr);
    3402             : 
    3403           0 :     if (pszMessage != nullptr)
    3404             :     {
    3405           0 :         CPLDebug("WARP_TIMING", "%s: %lds", pszMessage,
    3406           0 :                  static_cast<long>(nNewTime - nLastTimeReported));
    3407             :     }
    3408             : 
    3409           0 :     nLastTimeReported = nNewTime;
    3410             : }

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