LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - port - cpl_conv.cpp (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: gdal_filtered.info Lines: 847 1079 78.5 %
Date: 2026-03-25 02:32:38 Functions: 78 89 87.6 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /******************************************************************************
       2             :  *
       3             :  * Project:  CPL - Common Portability Library
       4             :  * Purpose:  Convenience functions.
       5             :  * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
       6             :  *
       7             :  ******************************************************************************
       8             :  * Copyright (c) 1998, Frank Warmerdam
       9             :  * Copyright (c) 2007-2014, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
      10             :  *
      11             :  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      12             :  ****************************************************************************/
      13             : 
      14             : #include "cpl_config.h"
      15             : 
      16             : #if defined(HAVE_USELOCALE) && !defined(__FreeBSD__)
      17             : // For uselocale, define _XOPEN_SOURCE = 700
      18             : // and OpenBSD with libcxx 19.1.7 requires 800 for vasprintf
      19             : // (cf https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/12619)
      20             : // (not sure if the following is still up to date...) but on Solaris, we don't
      21             : // have uselocale and we cannot have std=c++11 with _XOPEN_SOURCE != 600
      22             : #if defined(__sun__) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
      23             : #if _XOPEN_SOURCE != 600
      24             : #ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE
      25             : #undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
      26             : #endif
      27             : #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600
      28             : #endif
      29             : #else
      30             : #ifdef _XOPEN_SOURCE
      31             : #undef _XOPEN_SOURCE
      32             : #endif
      33             : #define _XOPEN_SOURCE 800
      34             : #endif
      35             : #endif
      36             : 
      37             : // For atoll (at least for NetBSD)
      38             : #ifndef _ISOC99_SOURCE
      39             : #define _ISOC99_SOURCE
      40             : #endif
      41             : 
      42             : #ifdef MSVC_USE_VLD
      43             : #include <vld.h>
      44             : #endif
      45             : 
      46             : #include "cpl_conv.h"
      47             : 
      48             : #include <algorithm>
      49             : #include <atomic>
      50             : #include <cctype>
      51             : #include <cerrno>
      52             : #include <climits>
      53             : #include <clocale>
      54             : #include <cmath>
      55             : #include <cstdlib>
      56             : #include <cstring>
      57             : #include <ctime>
      58             : #include <mutex>
      59             : #include <set>
      60             : 
      61             : #if HAVE_UNISTD_H
      62             : #include <unistd.h>
      63             : #endif
      64             : #if HAVE_XLOCALE_H
      65             : #include <xlocale.h>  // for LC_NUMERIC_MASK on MacOS
      66             : #endif
      67             : 
      68             : #include <sys/types.h>  // open
      69             : 
      70             : #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
      71             : #include <sys/user.h>  // must be after sys/types.h
      72             : #include <sys/sysctl.h>
      73             : #endif
      74             : 
      75             : #include <sys/stat.h>  // open
      76             : #include <fcntl.h>     // open, fcntl
      77             : 
      78             : #ifdef _WIN32
      79             : #include <io.h>  // _isatty, _wopen
      80             : #else
      81             : #include <unistd.h>  // isatty, fcntl
      82             : #if HAVE_GETRLIMIT
      83             : #include <sys/resource.h>  // getrlimit
      84             : #include <sys/time.h>      // getrlimit
      85             : #endif
      86             : #endif
      87             : 
      88             : #include <string>
      89             : 
      90             : #if __cplusplus >= 202002L
      91             : #include <bit>  // For std::endian
      92             : #endif
      93             : 
      94             : #include "cpl_config.h"
      95             : #include "cpl_multiproc.h"
      96             : #include "cpl_string.h"
      97             : #include "cpl_vsi.h"
      98             : #include "cpl_vsil_curl_priv.h"
      99             : #include "cpl_known_config_options.h"
     100             : 
     101             : #ifdef DEBUG
     102             : #define OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
     103             : #endif
     104             : #ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
     105             : // Keep in sync with ograpispy.cpp
     106             : void OGRAPISPYCPLSetConfigOption(const char *, const char *);
     107             : void OGRAPISPYCPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption(const char *, const char *);
     108             : #endif
     109             : 
     110             : // Uncomment to get list of options that have been fetched and set.
     111             : // #define DEBUG_CONFIG_OPTIONS
     112             : 
     113             : static CPLMutex *hConfigMutex = nullptr;
     114             : static volatile char **g_papszConfigOptions = nullptr;
     115             : static bool gbIgnoreEnvVariables =
     116             :     false;  // if true, only take into account configuration options set through
     117             :             // configuration file or
     118             :             // CPLSetConfigOption()/CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption()
     119             : 
     120             : static std::vector<std::pair<CPLSetConfigOptionSubscriber, void *>>
     121             :     gSetConfigOptionSubscribers{};
     122             : 
     123             : // Used by CPLOpenShared() and friends.
     124             : static CPLMutex *hSharedFileMutex = nullptr;
     125             : static int nSharedFileCount = 0;
     126             : static CPLSharedFileInfo *pasSharedFileList = nullptr;
     127             : 
     128             : // Used by CPLsetlocale().
     129             : static CPLMutex *hSetLocaleMutex = nullptr;
     130             : 
     131             : // Note: ideally this should be added in CPLSharedFileInfo*
     132             : // but CPLSharedFileInfo is exposed in the API, hence that trick
     133             : // to hide this detail.
     134             : typedef struct
     135             : {
     136             :     GIntBig nPID;  // pid of opening thread.
     137             : } CPLSharedFileInfoExtra;
     138             : 
     139             : static volatile CPLSharedFileInfoExtra *pasSharedFileListExtra = nullptr;
     140             : 
     141             : static const char *
     142             : CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOption(const char *pszKey, const char *pszDefault,
     143             :                               bool bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull);
     144             : 
     145             : static const char *
     146             : CPLGetGlobalConfigOption(const char *pszKey, const char *pszDefault,
     147             :                          bool bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull);
     148             : 
     149             : /************************************************************************/
     150             : /*                             CPLCalloc()                              */
     151             : /************************************************************************/
     152             : 
     153             : /**
     154             :  * Safe version of calloc().
     155             :  *
     156             :  * This function is like the C library calloc(), but raises a CE_Fatal
     157             :  * error with CPLError() if it fails to allocate the desired memory.  It
     158             :  * should be used for small memory allocations that are unlikely to fail
     159             :  * and for which the application is unwilling to test for out of memory
     160             :  * conditions.  It uses VSICalloc() to get the memory, so any hooking of
     161             :  * VSICalloc() will apply to CPLCalloc() as well.  CPLFree() or VSIFree()
     162             :  * can be used free memory allocated by CPLCalloc().
     163             :  *
     164             :  * @param nCount number of objects to allocate.
     165             :  * @param nSize size (in bytes) of object to allocate.
     166             :  * @return pointer to newly allocated memory, only NULL if nSize * nCount is
     167             :  * NULL.
     168             :  */
     169             : 
     170     4981530 : void *CPLCalloc(size_t nCount, size_t nSize)
     171             : 
     172             : {
     173     4981530 :     if (nSize * nCount == 0)
     174        9178 :         return nullptr;
     175             : 
     176     4972350 :     void *pReturn = CPLMalloc(nCount * nSize);
     177     4972340 :     memset(pReturn, 0, nCount * nSize);
     178     4972340 :     return pReturn;
     179             : }
     180             : 
     181             : /************************************************************************/
     182             : /*                             CPLMalloc()                              */
     183             : /************************************************************************/
     184             : 
     185             : /**
     186             :  * Safe version of malloc().
     187             :  *
     188             :  * This function is like the C library malloc(), but raises a CE_Fatal
     189             :  * error with CPLError() if it fails to allocate the desired memory.  It
     190             :  * should be used for small memory allocations that are unlikely to fail
     191             :  * and for which the application is unwilling to test for out of memory
     192             :  * conditions.  It uses VSIMalloc() to get the memory, so any hooking of
     193             :  * VSIMalloc() will apply to CPLMalloc() as well.  CPLFree() or VSIFree()
     194             :  * can be used free memory allocated by CPLMalloc().
     195             :  *
     196             :  * @param nSize size (in bytes) of memory block to allocate.
     197             :  * @return pointer to newly allocated memory, only NULL if nSize is zero.
     198             :  */
     199             : 
     200    24299800 : void *CPLMalloc(size_t nSize)
     201             : 
     202             : {
     203    24299800 :     if (nSize == 0)
     204        5757 :         return nullptr;
     205             : 
     206    24294000 :     if ((nSize >> (8 * sizeof(nSize) - 1)) != 0)
     207             :     {
     208             :         // coverity[dead_error_begin]
     209           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     210             :                  "CPLMalloc(%ld): Silly size requested.",
     211             :                  static_cast<long>(nSize));
     212           0 :         return nullptr;
     213             :     }
     214             : 
     215    24294000 :     void *pReturn = VSIMalloc(nSize);
     216    24294000 :     if (pReturn == nullptr)
     217             :     {
     218           0 :         if (nSize < 2000)
     219             :         {
     220           0 :             CPLEmergencyError("CPLMalloc(): Out of memory allocating a small "
     221             :                               "number of bytes.");
     222             :         }
     223             : 
     224           0 :         CPLError(CE_Fatal, CPLE_OutOfMemory,
     225             :                  "CPLMalloc(): Out of memory allocating %ld bytes.",
     226             :                  static_cast<long>(nSize));
     227             :     }
     228             : 
     229    24293900 :     return pReturn;
     230             : }
     231             : 
     232             : /************************************************************************/
     233             : /*                             CPLRealloc()                             */
     234             : /************************************************************************/
     235             : 
     236             : /**
     237             :  * Safe version of realloc().
     238             :  *
     239             :  * This function is like the C library realloc(), but raises a CE_Fatal
     240             :  * error with CPLError() if it fails to allocate the desired memory.  It
     241             :  * should be used for small memory allocations that are unlikely to fail
     242             :  * and for which the application is unwilling to test for out of memory
     243             :  * conditions.  It uses VSIRealloc() to get the memory, so any hooking of
     244             :  * VSIRealloc() will apply to CPLRealloc() as well.  CPLFree() or VSIFree()
     245             :  * can be used free memory allocated by CPLRealloc().
     246             :  *
     247             :  * It is also safe to pass NULL in as the existing memory block for
     248             :  * CPLRealloc(), in which case it uses VSIMalloc() to allocate a new block.
     249             :  *
     250             :  * @param pData existing memory block which should be copied to the new block.
     251             :  * @param nNewSize new size (in bytes) of memory block to allocate.
     252             :  * @return pointer to allocated memory, only NULL if nNewSize is zero.
     253             :  */
     254             : 
     255     4266840 : void *CPLRealloc(void *pData, size_t nNewSize)
     256             : 
     257             : {
     258     4266840 :     if (nNewSize == 0)
     259             :     {
     260          45 :         VSIFree(pData);
     261          45 :         return nullptr;
     262             :     }
     263             : 
     264     4266790 :     if ((nNewSize >> (8 * sizeof(nNewSize) - 1)) != 0)
     265             :     {
     266             :         // coverity[dead_error_begin]
     267           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     268             :                  "CPLRealloc(%ld): Silly size requested.",
     269             :                  static_cast<long>(nNewSize));
     270           0 :         return nullptr;
     271             :     }
     272             : 
     273     4266790 :     void *pReturn = nullptr;
     274             : 
     275     4266790 :     if (pData == nullptr)
     276     3166810 :         pReturn = VSIMalloc(nNewSize);
     277             :     else
     278     1099980 :         pReturn = VSIRealloc(pData, nNewSize);
     279             : 
     280     4263460 :     if (pReturn == nullptr)
     281             :     {
     282           0 :         if (nNewSize < 2000)
     283             :         {
     284           0 :             char szSmallMsg[80] = {};
     285             : 
     286           0 :             snprintf(szSmallMsg, sizeof(szSmallMsg),
     287             :                      "CPLRealloc(): Out of memory allocating %ld bytes.",
     288             :                      static_cast<long>(nNewSize));
     289           0 :             CPLEmergencyError(szSmallMsg);
     290             :         }
     291             :         else
     292             :         {
     293           0 :             CPLError(CE_Fatal, CPLE_OutOfMemory,
     294             :                      "CPLRealloc(): Out of memory allocating %ld bytes.",
     295             :                      static_cast<long>(nNewSize));
     296             :         }
     297             :     }
     298             : 
     299     4254670 :     return pReturn;
     300             : }
     301             : 
     302             : /************************************************************************/
     303             : /*                             CPLStrdup()                              */
     304             : /************************************************************************/
     305             : 
     306             : /**
     307             :  * Safe version of strdup() function.
     308             :  *
     309             :  * This function is similar to the C library strdup() function, but if
     310             :  * the memory allocation fails it will issue a CE_Fatal error with
     311             :  * CPLError() instead of returning NULL. Memory
     312             :  * allocated with CPLStrdup() can be freed with CPLFree() or VSIFree().
     313             :  *
     314             :  * It is also safe to pass a NULL string into CPLStrdup().  CPLStrdup()
     315             :  * will allocate and return a zero length string (as opposed to a NULL
     316             :  * string).
     317             :  *
     318             :  * @param pszString input string to be duplicated.  May be NULL.
     319             :  * @return pointer to a newly allocated copy of the string.  Free with
     320             :  * CPLFree() or VSIFree().
     321             :  */
     322             : 
     323     8518390 : char *CPLStrdup(const char *pszString)
     324             : 
     325             : {
     326     8518390 :     if (pszString == nullptr)
     327     1256940 :         pszString = "";
     328             : 
     329     8518390 :     const size_t nLen = strlen(pszString);
     330     8518390 :     char *pszReturn = static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(nLen + 1));
     331     8518280 :     memcpy(pszReturn, pszString, nLen + 1);
     332     8518280 :     return (pszReturn);
     333             : }
     334             : 
     335             : /************************************************************************/
     336             : /*                             CPLStrlwr()                              */
     337             : /************************************************************************/
     338             : 
     339             : /**
     340             :  * Convert each characters of the string to lower case.
     341             :  *
     342             :  * For example, "ABcdE" will be converted to "abcde".
     343             :  * Starting with GDAL 3.9, this function is no longer locale dependent.
     344             :  *
     345             :  * @param pszString input string to be converted.
     346             :  * @return pointer to the same string, pszString.
     347             :  */
     348             : 
     349           3 : char *CPLStrlwr(char *pszString)
     350             : 
     351             : {
     352           3 :     if (pszString == nullptr)
     353           0 :         return nullptr;
     354             : 
     355           3 :     char *pszTemp = pszString;
     356             : 
     357          24 :     while (*pszTemp)
     358             :     {
     359          21 :         *pszTemp =
     360          21 :             static_cast<char>(CPLTolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(*pszTemp)));
     361          21 :         pszTemp++;
     362             :     }
     363             : 
     364           3 :     return pszString;
     365             : }
     366             : 
     367             : /************************************************************************/
     368             : /*                              CPLFGets()                              */
     369             : /*                                                                      */
     370             : /*      Note: LF = \n = ASCII 10                                        */
     371             : /*            CR = \r = ASCII 13                                        */
     372             : /************************************************************************/
     373             : 
     374             : // ASCII characters.
     375             : constexpr char knLF = 10;
     376             : constexpr char knCR = 13;
     377             : 
     378             : /**
     379             :  * Reads in at most one less than nBufferSize characters from the fp
     380             :  * stream and stores them into the buffer pointed to by pszBuffer.
     381             :  * Reading stops after an EOF or a newline. If a newline is read, it
     382             :  * is _not_ stored into the buffer. A '\\0' is stored after the last
     383             :  * character in the buffer. All three types of newline terminators
     384             :  * recognized by the CPLFGets(): single '\\r' and '\\n' and '\\r\\n'
     385             :  * combination.
     386             :  *
     387             :  * @param pszBuffer pointer to the targeting character buffer.
     388             :  * @param nBufferSize maximum size of the string to read (not including
     389             :  * terminating '\\0').
     390             :  * @param fp file pointer to read from.
     391             :  * @return pointer to the pszBuffer containing a string read
     392             :  * from the file or NULL if the error or end of file was encountered.
     393             :  */
     394             : 
     395           0 : char *CPLFGets(char *pszBuffer, int nBufferSize, FILE *fp)
     396             : 
     397             : {
     398           0 :     if (nBufferSize == 0 || pszBuffer == nullptr || fp == nullptr)
     399           0 :         return nullptr;
     400             : 
     401             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     402             :     /*      Let the OS level call read what it things is one line.  This    */
     403             :     /*      will include the newline.  On windows, if the file happens      */
     404             :     /*      to be in text mode, the CRLF will have been converted to        */
     405             :     /*      just the newline (LF).  If it is in binary mode it may well     */
     406             :     /*      have both.                                                      */
     407             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     408           0 :     const long nOriginalOffset = VSIFTell(fp);
     409           0 :     if (VSIFGets(pszBuffer, nBufferSize, fp) == nullptr)
     410           0 :         return nullptr;
     411             : 
     412           0 :     int nActuallyRead = static_cast<int>(strlen(pszBuffer));
     413           0 :     if (nActuallyRead == 0)
     414           0 :         return nullptr;
     415             : 
     416             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     417             :     /*      If we found \r and out buffer is full, it is possible there     */
     418             :     /*      is also a pending \n.  Check for it.                            */
     419             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     420           0 :     if (nBufferSize == nActuallyRead + 1 &&
     421           0 :         pszBuffer[nActuallyRead - 1] == knCR)
     422             :     {
     423           0 :         const int chCheck = fgetc(fp);
     424           0 :         if (chCheck != knLF)
     425             :         {
     426             :             // unget the character.
     427           0 :             if (VSIFSeek(fp, nOriginalOffset + nActuallyRead, SEEK_SET) == -1)
     428             :             {
     429           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
     430             :                          "Unable to unget a character");
     431             :             }
     432             :         }
     433             :     }
     434             : 
     435             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     436             :     /*      Trim off \n, \r or \r\n if it appears at the end.  We don't     */
     437             :     /*      need to do any "seeking" since we want the newline eaten.       */
     438             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     439           0 :     if (nActuallyRead > 1 && pszBuffer[nActuallyRead - 1] == knLF &&
     440           0 :         pszBuffer[nActuallyRead - 2] == knCR)
     441             :     {
     442           0 :         pszBuffer[nActuallyRead - 2] = '\0';
     443             :     }
     444           0 :     else if (pszBuffer[nActuallyRead - 1] == knLF ||
     445           0 :              pszBuffer[nActuallyRead - 1] == knCR)
     446             :     {
     447           0 :         pszBuffer[nActuallyRead - 1] = '\0';
     448             :     }
     449             : 
     450             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     451             :     /*      Search within the string for a \r (MacOS convention             */
     452             :     /*      apparently), and if we find it we need to trim the string,      */
     453             :     /*      and seek back.                                                  */
     454             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     455           0 :     char *pszExtraNewline = strchr(pszBuffer, knCR);
     456             : 
     457           0 :     if (pszExtraNewline != nullptr)
     458             :     {
     459           0 :         nActuallyRead = static_cast<int>(pszExtraNewline - pszBuffer + 1);
     460             : 
     461           0 :         *pszExtraNewline = '\0';
     462           0 :         if (VSIFSeek(fp, nOriginalOffset + nActuallyRead - 1, SEEK_SET) != 0)
     463           0 :             return nullptr;
     464             : 
     465             :         // This hackery is necessary to try and find our correct
     466             :         // spot on win32 systems with text mode line translation going
     467             :         // on.  Sometimes the fseek back overshoots, but it doesn't
     468             :         // "realize it" till a character has been read. Try to read till
     469             :         // we get to the right spot and get our CR.
     470           0 :         int chCheck = fgetc(fp);
     471           0 :         while ((chCheck != knCR && chCheck != EOF) ||
     472           0 :                VSIFTell(fp) < nOriginalOffset + nActuallyRead)
     473             :         {
     474             :             static bool bWarned = false;
     475             : 
     476           0 :             if (!bWarned)
     477             :             {
     478           0 :                 bWarned = true;
     479           0 :                 CPLDebug("CPL",
     480             :                          "CPLFGets() correcting for DOS text mode translation "
     481             :                          "seek problem.");
     482             :             }
     483           0 :             chCheck = fgetc(fp);
     484             :         }
     485             :     }
     486             : 
     487           0 :     return pszBuffer;
     488             : }
     489             : 
     490             : /************************************************************************/
     491             : /*                         CPLReadLineBuffer()                          */
     492             : /*                                                                      */
     493             : /*      Fetch readline buffer, and ensure it is the desired size,       */
     494             : /*      reallocating if needed.  Manages TLS (thread local storage)     */
     495             : /*      issues for the buffer.                                          */
     496             : /*      We use a special trick to track the actual size of the buffer   */
     497             : /*      The first 4 bytes are reserved to store it as a int, hence the  */
     498             : /*      -4 / +4 hacks with the size and pointer.                        */
     499             : /************************************************************************/
     500     4358620 : static char *CPLReadLineBuffer(int nRequiredSize)
     501             : 
     502             : {
     503             : 
     504             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     505             :     /*      A required size of -1 means the buffer should be freed.         */
     506             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     507     4358620 :     if (nRequiredSize == -1)
     508             :     {
     509        2487 :         int bMemoryError = FALSE;
     510        2487 :         void *pRet = CPLGetTLSEx(CTLS_RLBUFFERINFO, &bMemoryError);
     511        2487 :         if (pRet != nullptr)
     512             :         {
     513        2228 :             CPLFree(pRet);
     514        2228 :             CPLSetTLS(CTLS_RLBUFFERINFO, nullptr, FALSE);
     515             :         }
     516        2487 :         return nullptr;
     517             :     }
     518             : 
     519             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     520             :     /*      If the buffer doesn't exist yet, create it.                     */
     521             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     522     4356140 :     int bMemoryError = FALSE;
     523             :     GUInt32 *pnAlloc =
     524     4356140 :         static_cast<GUInt32 *>(CPLGetTLSEx(CTLS_RLBUFFERINFO, &bMemoryError));
     525     4356140 :     if (bMemoryError)
     526           0 :         return nullptr;
     527             : 
     528     4356140 :     if (pnAlloc == nullptr)
     529             :     {
     530        3871 :         pnAlloc = static_cast<GUInt32 *>(VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(200));
     531        3871 :         if (pnAlloc == nullptr)
     532           0 :             return nullptr;
     533        3871 :         *pnAlloc = 196;
     534        3871 :         CPLSetTLS(CTLS_RLBUFFERINFO, pnAlloc, TRUE);
     535             :     }
     536             : 
     537             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     538             :     /*      If it is too small, grow it bigger.                             */
     539             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     540     4356140 :     if (static_cast<int>(*pnAlloc) - 1 < nRequiredSize)
     541             :     {
     542        2890 :         const int nNewSize = nRequiredSize + 4 + 500;
     543        2890 :         if (nNewSize <= 0)
     544             :         {
     545           0 :             VSIFree(pnAlloc);
     546           0 :             CPLSetTLS(CTLS_RLBUFFERINFO, nullptr, FALSE);
     547           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_OutOfMemory,
     548             :                      "CPLReadLineBuffer(): Trying to allocate more than "
     549             :                      "2 GB.");
     550           0 :             return nullptr;
     551             :         }
     552             : 
     553             :         GUInt32 *pnAllocNew =
     554        2890 :             static_cast<GUInt32 *>(VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(pnAlloc, nNewSize));
     555        2890 :         if (pnAllocNew == nullptr)
     556             :         {
     557           0 :             VSIFree(pnAlloc);
     558           0 :             CPLSetTLS(CTLS_RLBUFFERINFO, nullptr, FALSE);
     559           0 :             return nullptr;
     560             :         }
     561        2890 :         pnAlloc = pnAllocNew;
     562             : 
     563        2890 :         *pnAlloc = nNewSize - 4;
     564        2890 :         CPLSetTLS(CTLS_RLBUFFERINFO, pnAlloc, TRUE);
     565             :     }
     566             : 
     567     4356140 :     return reinterpret_cast<char *>(pnAlloc + 1);
     568             : }
     569             : 
     570             : /************************************************************************/
     571             : /*                            CPLReadLine()                             */
     572             : /************************************************************************/
     573             : 
     574             : /**
     575             :  * Simplified line reading from text file.
     576             :  *
     577             :  * Read a line of text from the given file handle, taking care
     578             :  * to capture CR and/or LF and strip off ... equivalent of
     579             :  * DKReadLine().  Pointer to an internal buffer is returned.
     580             :  * The application shouldn't free it, or depend on its value
     581             :  * past the next call to CPLReadLine().
     582             :  *
     583             :  * Note that CPLReadLine() uses VSIFGets(), so any hooking of VSI file
     584             :  * services should apply to CPLReadLine() as well.
     585             :  *
     586             :  * CPLReadLine() maintains an internal buffer, which will appear as a
     587             :  * single block memory leak in some circumstances.  CPLReadLine() may
     588             :  * be called with a NULL FILE * at any time to free this working buffer.
     589             :  *
     590             :  * @param fp file pointer opened with VSIFOpen().
     591             :  *
     592             :  * @return pointer to an internal buffer containing a line of text read
     593             :  * from the file or NULL if the end of file was encountered.
     594             :  */
     595             : 
     596           5 : const char *CPLReadLine(FILE *fp)
     597             : 
     598             : {
     599             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     600             :     /*      Cleanup case.                                                   */
     601             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     602           5 :     if (fp == nullptr)
     603             :     {
     604           5 :         CPLReadLineBuffer(-1);
     605           5 :         return nullptr;
     606             :     }
     607             : 
     608             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     609             :     /*      Loop reading chunks of the line till we get to the end of       */
     610             :     /*      the line.                                                       */
     611             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     612           0 :     size_t nBytesReadThisTime = 0;
     613           0 :     char *pszRLBuffer = nullptr;
     614           0 :     size_t nReadSoFar = 0;
     615             : 
     616           0 :     do
     617             :     {
     618             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     619             :          */
     620             :         /*      Grow the working buffer if we have it nearly full.  Fail out */
     621             :         /*      of read line if we can't reallocate it big enough (for */
     622             :         /*      instance for a _very large_ file with no newlines). */
     623             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     624             :          */
     625           0 :         if (nReadSoFar > 100 * 1024 * 1024)
     626             :             // It is dubious that we need to read a line longer than 100 MB.
     627           0 :             return nullptr;
     628           0 :         pszRLBuffer = CPLReadLineBuffer(static_cast<int>(nReadSoFar) + 129);
     629           0 :         if (pszRLBuffer == nullptr)
     630           0 :             return nullptr;
     631             : 
     632             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     633             :          */
     634             :         /*      Do the actual read. */
     635             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     636             :          */
     637           0 :         if (CPLFGets(pszRLBuffer + nReadSoFar, 128, fp) == nullptr &&
     638             :             nReadSoFar == 0)
     639           0 :             return nullptr;
     640             : 
     641           0 :         nBytesReadThisTime = strlen(pszRLBuffer + nReadSoFar);
     642           0 :         nReadSoFar += nBytesReadThisTime;
     643           0 :     } while (nBytesReadThisTime >= 127 && pszRLBuffer[nReadSoFar - 1] != knCR &&
     644           0 :              pszRLBuffer[nReadSoFar - 1] != knLF);
     645             : 
     646           0 :     return pszRLBuffer;
     647             : }
     648             : 
     649             : /************************************************************************/
     650             : /*                            CPLReadLineL()                            */
     651             : /************************************************************************/
     652             : 
     653             : /**
     654             :  * Simplified line reading from text file.
     655             :  *
     656             :  * Similar to CPLReadLine(), but reading from a large file API handle.
     657             :  *
     658             :  * @param fp file pointer opened with VSIFOpenL().
     659             :  *
     660             :  * @return pointer to an internal buffer containing a line of text read
     661             :  * from the file or NULL if the end of file was encountered.
     662             :  */
     663             : 
     664      199237 : const char *CPLReadLineL(VSILFILE *fp)
     665             : {
     666      199237 :     return CPLReadLine2L(fp, -1, nullptr);
     667             : }
     668             : 
     669             : /************************************************************************/
     670             : /*                           CPLReadLine2L()                            */
     671             : /************************************************************************/
     672             : 
     673             : /**
     674             :  * Simplified line reading from text file.
     675             :  *
     676             :  * Similar to CPLReadLine(), but reading from a large file API handle.
     677             :  *
     678             :  * @param fp file pointer opened with VSIFOpenL().
     679             :  * @param nMaxCars  maximum number of characters allowed, or -1 for no limit.
     680             :  * @param papszOptions NULL-terminated array of options. Unused for now.
     681             : 
     682             :  * @return pointer to an internal buffer containing a line of text read
     683             :  * from the file or NULL if the end of file was encountered or the maximum
     684             :  * number of characters allowed reached.
     685             :  *
     686             :  */
     687             : 
     688     2715420 : const char *CPLReadLine2L(VSILFILE *fp, int nMaxCars,
     689             :                           CPL_UNUSED CSLConstList papszOptions)
     690             : 
     691             : {
     692             :     int nBufLength;
     693     5430840 :     return CPLReadLine3L(fp, nMaxCars, &nBufLength, papszOptions);
     694             : }
     695             : 
     696             : /************************************************************************/
     697             : /*                           CPLReadLine3L()                            */
     698             : /************************************************************************/
     699             : 
     700             : /**
     701             :  * Simplified line reading from text file.
     702             :  *
     703             :  * Similar to CPLReadLine(), but reading from a large file API handle.
     704             :  *
     705             :  * @param fp file pointer opened with VSIFOpenL().
     706             :  * @param nMaxCars  maximum number of characters allowed, or -1 for no limit.
     707             :  * @param papszOptions NULL-terminated array of options. Unused for now.
     708             :  * @param[out] pnBufLength size of output string (must be non-NULL)
     709             : 
     710             :  * @return pointer to an internal buffer containing a line of text read
     711             :  * from the file or NULL if the end of file was encountered or the maximum
     712             :  * number of characters allowed reached.
     713             :  *
     714             :  */
     715     2780470 : const char *CPLReadLine3L(VSILFILE *fp, int nMaxCars, int *pnBufLength,
     716             :                           CPL_UNUSED CSLConstList papszOptions)
     717             : {
     718             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     719             :     /*      Cleanup case.                                                   */
     720             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     721     2780470 :     if (fp == nullptr)
     722             :     {
     723        2482 :         CPLReadLineBuffer(-1);
     724        2482 :         return nullptr;
     725             :     }
     726             : 
     727             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     728             :     /*      Loop reading chunks of the line till we get to the end of       */
     729             :     /*      the line.                                                       */
     730             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     731     2777990 :     char *pszRLBuffer = nullptr;
     732     2777990 :     const size_t nChunkSize = 40;
     733     2777990 :     char szChunk[nChunkSize] = {};
     734     2777990 :     size_t nChunkBytesRead = 0;
     735     2777990 :     size_t nChunkBytesConsumed = 0;
     736             : 
     737     2777990 :     *pnBufLength = 0;
     738     2777990 :     szChunk[0] = 0;
     739             : 
     740             :     while (true)
     741             :     {
     742             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     743             :          */
     744             :         /*      Read a chunk from the input file. */
     745             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     746             :          */
     747     4356140 :         if (*pnBufLength > INT_MAX - static_cast<int>(nChunkSize) - 1)
     748             :         {
     749           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     750             :                      "Too big line : more than 2 billion characters!.");
     751           0 :             CPLReadLineBuffer(-1);
     752           0 :             return nullptr;
     753             :         }
     754             : 
     755             :         pszRLBuffer =
     756     4356140 :             CPLReadLineBuffer(static_cast<int>(*pnBufLength + nChunkSize + 1));
     757     4356140 :         if (pszRLBuffer == nullptr)
     758           0 :             return nullptr;
     759             : 
     760     4356140 :         if (nChunkBytesRead == nChunkBytesConsumed + 1)
     761             :         {
     762             : 
     763             :             // case where one character is left over from last read.
     764     1578150 :             szChunk[0] = szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed];
     765             : 
     766     1578150 :             nChunkBytesConsumed = 0;
     767     1578150 :             nChunkBytesRead = VSIFReadL(szChunk + 1, 1, nChunkSize - 1, fp) + 1;
     768             :         }
     769             :         else
     770             :         {
     771     2777990 :             nChunkBytesConsumed = 0;
     772             : 
     773             :             // fresh read.
     774     2777990 :             nChunkBytesRead = VSIFReadL(szChunk, 1, nChunkSize, fp);
     775     2777990 :             if (nChunkBytesRead == 0)
     776             :             {
     777       17158 :                 if (*pnBufLength == 0)
     778       17158 :                     return nullptr;
     779             : 
     780           0 :                 break;
     781             :             }
     782             :         }
     783             : 
     784             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     785             :          */
     786             :         /*      copy over characters watching for end-of-line. */
     787             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     788             :          */
     789     4338980 :         bool bBreak = false;
     790   106717000 :         while (nChunkBytesConsumed < nChunkBytesRead - 1 && !bBreak)
     791             :         {
     792   102378000 :             if ((szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed] == knCR &&
     793      609123 :                  szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed + 1] == knLF) ||
     794   101770000 :                 (szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed] == knLF &&
     795     2136090 :                  szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed + 1] == knCR))
     796             :             {
     797      608827 :                 nChunkBytesConsumed += 2;
     798      608827 :                 bBreak = true;
     799             :             }
     800   101770000 :             else if (szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed] == knLF ||
     801    99633500 :                      szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed] == knCR)
     802             :             {
     803     2136390 :                 nChunkBytesConsumed += 1;
     804     2136390 :                 bBreak = true;
     805             :             }
     806             :             else
     807             :             {
     808    99633200 :                 pszRLBuffer[(*pnBufLength)++] = szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed++];
     809    99633200 :                 if (nMaxCars >= 0 && *pnBufLength == nMaxCars)
     810             :                 {
     811           1 :                     CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     812             :                              "Maximum number of characters allowed reached.");
     813           1 :                     return nullptr;
     814             :                 }
     815             :             }
     816             :         }
     817             : 
     818     4338980 :         if (bBreak)
     819     2745210 :             break;
     820             : 
     821             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     822             :          */
     823             :         /*      If there is a remaining character and it is not a newline */
     824             :         /*      consume it.  If it is a newline, but we are clearly at the */
     825             :         /*      end of the file then consume it. */
     826             :         /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
     827             :          */
     828     1593760 :         if (nChunkBytesConsumed == nChunkBytesRead - 1 &&
     829             :             nChunkBytesRead < nChunkSize)
     830             :         {
     831       15614 :             if (szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed] == knLF ||
     832        2000 :                 szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed] == knCR)
     833             :             {
     834       13614 :                 nChunkBytesConsumed++;
     835       13614 :                 break;
     836             :             }
     837             : 
     838        2000 :             pszRLBuffer[(*pnBufLength)++] = szChunk[nChunkBytesConsumed++];
     839        2000 :             break;
     840             :         }
     841     1578150 :     }
     842             : 
     843             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     844             :     /*      If we have left over bytes after breaking out, seek back to     */
     845             :     /*      ensure they remain to be read next time.                        */
     846             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
     847     2760830 :     if (nChunkBytesConsumed < nChunkBytesRead)
     848             :     {
     849     2737550 :         const size_t nBytesToPush = nChunkBytesRead - nChunkBytesConsumed;
     850             : 
     851     2737550 :         if (VSIFSeekL(fp, VSIFTellL(fp) - nBytesToPush, SEEK_SET) != 0)
     852           0 :             return nullptr;
     853             :     }
     854             : 
     855     2760830 :     pszRLBuffer[*pnBufLength] = '\0';
     856             : 
     857     2760830 :     return pszRLBuffer;
     858             : }
     859             : 
     860             : /************************************************************************/
     861             : /*                           CPLScanString()                            */
     862             : /************************************************************************/
     863             : 
     864             : /**
     865             :  * Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a given string,
     866             :  * allocate a buffer for a new string and fill it with scanned characters.
     867             :  *
     868             :  * @param pszString String containing characters to be scanned. It may be
     869             :  * terminated with a null character.
     870             :  *
     871             :  * @param nMaxLength The maximum number of character to read. Less
     872             :  * characters will be read if a null character is encountered.
     873             :  *
     874             :  * @param bTrimSpaces If TRUE, trim ending spaces from the input string.
     875             :  * Character considered as empty using isspace(3) function.
     876             :  *
     877             :  * @param bNormalize If TRUE, replace ':' symbol with the '_'. It is needed if
     878             :  * resulting string will be used in CPL dictionaries.
     879             :  *
     880             :  * @return Pointer to the resulting string buffer. Caller responsible to free
     881             :  * this buffer with CPLFree().
     882             :  */
     883             : 
     884        5300 : char *CPLScanString(const char *pszString, int nMaxLength, int bTrimSpaces,
     885             :                     int bNormalize)
     886             : {
     887        5300 :     if (!pszString)
     888           0 :         return nullptr;
     889             : 
     890        5300 :     if (!nMaxLength)
     891           2 :         return CPLStrdup("");
     892             : 
     893        5298 :     char *pszBuffer = static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(nMaxLength + 1));
     894        5298 :     if (!pszBuffer)
     895           0 :         return nullptr;
     896             : 
     897        5298 :     strncpy(pszBuffer, pszString, nMaxLength);
     898        5298 :     pszBuffer[nMaxLength] = '\0';
     899             : 
     900        5298 :     if (bTrimSpaces)
     901             :     {
     902        5298 :         size_t i = strlen(pszBuffer);
     903        6422 :         while (i > 0)
     904             :         {
     905        6388 :             i--;
     906        6388 :             if (!isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(pszBuffer[i])))
     907        5264 :                 break;
     908        1124 :             pszBuffer[i] = '\0';
     909             :         }
     910             :     }
     911             : 
     912        5298 :     if (bNormalize)
     913             :     {
     914        5180 :         size_t i = strlen(pszBuffer);
     915       39328 :         while (i > 0)
     916             :         {
     917       34148 :             i--;
     918       34148 :             if (pszBuffer[i] == ':')
     919           0 :                 pszBuffer[i] = '_';
     920             :         }
     921             :     }
     922             : 
     923        5298 :     return pszBuffer;
     924             : }
     925             : 
     926             : /************************************************************************/
     927             : /*                            CPLScanLong()                             */
     928             : /************************************************************************/
     929             : 
     930             : /**
     931             :  * Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert
     932             :  * the result to a long.
     933             :  *
     934             :  * @param pszString String containing characters to be scanned. It may be
     935             :  * terminated with a null character.
     936             :  *
     937             :  * @param nMaxLength The maximum number of character to consider as part
     938             :  * of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character
     939             :  * is encountered.
     940             :  *
     941             :  * @return Long value, converted from its ASCII form.
     942             :  */
     943             : 
     944         551 : long CPLScanLong(const char *pszString, int nMaxLength)
     945             : {
     946         551 :     CPLAssert(nMaxLength >= 0);
     947         551 :     if (pszString == nullptr)
     948           0 :         return 0;
     949         551 :     const size_t nLength = CPLStrnlen(pszString, nMaxLength);
     950        1102 :     const std::string osValue(pszString, nLength);
     951         551 :     return atol(osValue.c_str());
     952             : }
     953             : 
     954             : /************************************************************************/
     955             : /*                            CPLScanULong()                            */
     956             : /************************************************************************/
     957             : 
     958             : /**
     959             :  * Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert
     960             :  * the result to a unsigned long.
     961             :  *
     962             :  * @param pszString String containing characters to be scanned. It may be
     963             :  * terminated with a null character.
     964             :  *
     965             :  * @param nMaxLength The maximum number of character to consider as part
     966             :  * of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character
     967             :  * is encountered.
     968             :  *
     969             :  * @return Unsigned long value, converted from its ASCII form.
     970             :  */
     971             : 
     972           0 : unsigned long CPLScanULong(const char *pszString, int nMaxLength)
     973             : {
     974           0 :     CPLAssert(nMaxLength >= 0);
     975           0 :     if (pszString == nullptr)
     976           0 :         return 0;
     977           0 :     const size_t nLength = CPLStrnlen(pszString, nMaxLength);
     978           0 :     const std::string osValue(pszString, nLength);
     979           0 :     return strtoul(osValue.c_str(), nullptr, 10);
     980             : }
     981             : 
     982             : /************************************************************************/
     983             : /*                           CPLScanUIntBig()                           */
     984             : /************************************************************************/
     985             : 
     986             : /**
     987             :  * Extract big integer from string.
     988             :  *
     989             :  * Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert
     990             :  * the result to a GUIntBig.
     991             :  *
     992             :  * @param pszString String containing characters to be scanned. It may be
     993             :  * terminated with a null character.
     994             :  *
     995             :  * @param nMaxLength The maximum number of character to consider as part
     996             :  * of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character
     997             :  * is encountered.
     998             :  *
     999             :  * @return GUIntBig value, converted from its ASCII form.
    1000             :  */
    1001             : 
    1002       15503 : GUIntBig CPLScanUIntBig(const char *pszString, int nMaxLength)
    1003             : {
    1004       15503 :     CPLAssert(nMaxLength >= 0);
    1005       15503 :     if (pszString == nullptr)
    1006           0 :         return 0;
    1007       15503 :     const size_t nLength = CPLStrnlen(pszString, nMaxLength);
    1008       31006 :     const std::string osValue(pszString, nLength);
    1009             : 
    1010             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1011             :     /*      Fetch out the result                                            */
    1012             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1013       15503 :     return strtoull(osValue.c_str(), nullptr, 10);
    1014             : }
    1015             : 
    1016             : /************************************************************************/
    1017             : /*                           CPLAtoGIntBig()                            */
    1018             : /************************************************************************/
    1019             : 
    1020             : /**
    1021             :  * Convert a string to a 64 bit signed integer.
    1022             :  *
    1023             :  * @param pszString String containing 64 bit signed integer.
    1024             :  * @return 64 bit signed integer.
    1025             :  */
    1026             : 
    1027       57316 : GIntBig CPLAtoGIntBig(const char *pszString)
    1028             : {
    1029       57316 :     return atoll(pszString);
    1030             : }
    1031             : 
    1032             : #if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__sun__)
    1033             : 
    1034             : // mingw atoll() doesn't return ERANGE in case of overflow
    1035             : static int CPLAtoGIntBigExHasOverflow(const char *pszString, GIntBig nVal)
    1036             : {
    1037             :     if (strlen(pszString) <= 18)
    1038             :         return FALSE;
    1039             :     while (*pszString == ' ')
    1040             :         pszString++;
    1041             :     if (*pszString == '+')
    1042             :         pszString++;
    1043             :     char szBuffer[32] = {};
    1044             : /* x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ (GCC) 4.8.2 annoyingly warns */
    1045             : #ifdef HAVE_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
    1046             : #pragma GCC diagnostic push
    1047             : #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat"
    1048             : #endif
    1049             :     snprintf(szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), CPL_FRMT_GIB, nVal);
    1050             : #ifdef HAVE_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
    1051             : #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
    1052             : #endif
    1053             :     return strcmp(szBuffer, pszString) != 0;
    1054             : }
    1055             : 
    1056             : #endif
    1057             : 
    1058             : /************************************************************************/
    1059             : /*                          CPLAtoGIntBigEx()                           */
    1060             : /************************************************************************/
    1061             : 
    1062             : /**
    1063             :  * Convert a string to a 64 bit signed integer.
    1064             :  *
    1065             :  * @param pszString String containing 64 bit signed integer.
    1066             :  * @param bWarn Issue a warning if an overflow occurs during conversion
    1067             :  * @param pbOverflow Pointer to an integer to store if an overflow occurred, or
    1068             :  *        NULL
    1069             :  * @return 64 bit signed integer.
    1070             :  */
    1071             : 
    1072      106749 : GIntBig CPLAtoGIntBigEx(const char *pszString, int bWarn, int *pbOverflow)
    1073             : {
    1074      106749 :     errno = 0;
    1075      106749 :     GIntBig nVal = strtoll(pszString, nullptr, 10);
    1076      106749 :     if (errno == ERANGE
    1077             : #if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__sun__)
    1078             :         || CPLAtoGIntBigExHasOverflow(pszString, nVal)
    1079             : #endif
    1080             :     )
    1081             :     {
    1082           4 :         if (pbOverflow)
    1083           2 :             *pbOverflow = TRUE;
    1084           4 :         if (bWarn)
    1085             :         {
    1086           2 :             CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1087             :                      "64 bit integer overflow when converting %s", pszString);
    1088             :         }
    1089           4 :         while (*pszString == ' ')
    1090           0 :             pszString++;
    1091           4 :         return (*pszString == '-') ? GINTBIG_MIN : GINTBIG_MAX;
    1092             :     }
    1093      106745 :     else if (pbOverflow)
    1094             :     {
    1095        5428 :         *pbOverflow = FALSE;
    1096             :     }
    1097      106745 :     return nVal;
    1098             : }
    1099             : 
    1100             : /************************************************************************/
    1101             : /*                           CPLScanPointer()                           */
    1102             : /************************************************************************/
    1103             : 
    1104             : /**
    1105             :  * Extract pointer from string.
    1106             :  *
    1107             :  * Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert
    1108             :  * the result to a pointer.
    1109             :  *
    1110             :  * @param pszString String containing characters to be scanned. It may be
    1111             :  * terminated with a null character.
    1112             :  *
    1113             :  * @param nMaxLength The maximum number of character to consider as part
    1114             :  * of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character
    1115             :  * is encountered.
    1116             :  *
    1117             :  * @return pointer value, converted from its ASCII form.
    1118             :  */
    1119             : 
    1120        2604 : void *CPLScanPointer(const char *pszString, int nMaxLength)
    1121             : {
    1122        2604 :     char szTemp[128] = {};
    1123             : 
    1124             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1125             :     /*      Compute string into local buffer, and terminate it.             */
    1126             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1127        2604 :     if (nMaxLength > static_cast<int>(sizeof(szTemp)) - 1)
    1128           0 :         nMaxLength = sizeof(szTemp) - 1;
    1129             : 
    1130        2604 :     strncpy(szTemp, pszString, nMaxLength);
    1131        2604 :     szTemp[nMaxLength] = '\0';
    1132             : 
    1133             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1134             :     /*      On MSVC we have to scanf pointer values without the 0x          */
    1135             :     /*      prefix.                                                         */
    1136             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1137        2604 :     if (STARTS_WITH_CI(szTemp, "0x"))
    1138             :     {
    1139        2579 :         void *pResult = nullptr;
    1140             : 
    1141             : #if defined(__MSVCRT__) || (defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER))
    1142             :         // cppcheck-suppress invalidscanf
    1143             :         sscanf(szTemp + 2, "%p", &pResult);
    1144             : #else
    1145             :         // cppcheck-suppress invalidscanf
    1146        2579 :         sscanf(szTemp, "%p", &pResult);
    1147             : 
    1148             :         // Solaris actually behaves like MSVCRT.
    1149        2579 :         if (pResult == nullptr)
    1150             :         {
    1151             :             // cppcheck-suppress invalidscanf
    1152           0 :             sscanf(szTemp + 2, "%p", &pResult);
    1153             :         }
    1154             : #endif
    1155        2579 :         return pResult;
    1156             :     }
    1157             : 
    1158             : #if SIZEOF_VOIDP == 8
    1159          25 :     return reinterpret_cast<void *>(CPLScanUIntBig(szTemp, nMaxLength));
    1160             : #else
    1161             :     return reinterpret_cast<void *>(CPLScanULong(szTemp, nMaxLength));
    1162             : #endif
    1163             : }
    1164             : 
    1165             : /************************************************************************/
    1166             : /*                           CPLScanDouble()                            */
    1167             : /************************************************************************/
    1168             : 
    1169             : /**
    1170             :  * Extract double from string.
    1171             :  *
    1172             :  * Scan up to a maximum number of characters from a string and convert the
    1173             :  * result to a double. This function uses CPLAtof() to convert string to
    1174             :  * double value, so it uses a comma as a decimal delimiter.
    1175             :  *
    1176             :  * @param pszString String containing characters to be scanned. It may be
    1177             :  * terminated with a null character.
    1178             :  *
    1179             :  * @param nMaxLength The maximum number of character to consider as part
    1180             :  * of the number. Less characters will be considered if a null character
    1181             :  * is encountered.
    1182             :  *
    1183             :  * @return Double value, converted from its ASCII form.
    1184             :  */
    1185             : 
    1186         317 : double CPLScanDouble(const char *pszString, int nMaxLength)
    1187             : {
    1188         317 :     char szValue[32] = {};
    1189         317 :     char *pszValue = nullptr;
    1190             : 
    1191         317 :     if (nMaxLength + 1 < static_cast<int>(sizeof(szValue)))
    1192         317 :         pszValue = szValue;
    1193             :     else
    1194           0 :         pszValue = static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc(nMaxLength + 1));
    1195             : 
    1196             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1197             :     /*      Compute string into local buffer, and terminate it.             */
    1198             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1199         317 :     strncpy(pszValue, pszString, nMaxLength);
    1200         317 :     pszValue[nMaxLength] = '\0';
    1201             : 
    1202             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1203             :     /*      Make a pass through converting 'D's to 'E's.                    */
    1204             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1205        6436 :     for (int i = 0; i < nMaxLength; i++)
    1206        6119 :         if (pszValue[i] == 'd' || pszValue[i] == 'D')
    1207          45 :             pszValue[i] = 'E';
    1208             : 
    1209             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1210             :     /*      The conversion itself.                                          */
    1211             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1212         317 :     const double dfValue = CPLAtof(pszValue);
    1213             : 
    1214         317 :     if (pszValue != szValue)
    1215           0 :         CPLFree(pszValue);
    1216         317 :     return dfValue;
    1217             : }
    1218             : 
    1219             : /************************************************************************/
    1220             : /*                           CPLPrintString()                           */
    1221             : /************************************************************************/
    1222             : 
    1223             : /**
    1224             :  * Copy the string pointed to by pszSrc, NOT including the terminating
    1225             :  * `\\0' character, to the array pointed to by pszDest.
    1226             :  *
    1227             :  * @param pszDest Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be
    1228             :  * large enough to hold the resulting string.
    1229             :  *
    1230             :  * @param pszSrc Pointer to the source buffer.
    1231             :  *
    1232             :  * @param nMaxLen Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length
    1233             :  * is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.
    1234             :  *
    1235             :  * @return Number of characters printed.
    1236             :  */
    1237             : 
    1238       13439 : int CPLPrintString(char *pszDest, const char *pszSrc, int nMaxLen)
    1239             : {
    1240       13439 :     if (!pszDest)
    1241           0 :         return 0;
    1242             : 
    1243       13439 :     if (!pszSrc)
    1244             :     {
    1245           0 :         *pszDest = '\0';
    1246           0 :         return 1;
    1247             :     }
    1248             : 
    1249       13439 :     int nChars = 0;
    1250       13439 :     char *pszTemp = pszDest;
    1251             : 
    1252      201203 :     while (nChars < nMaxLen && *pszSrc)
    1253             :     {
    1254      187764 :         *pszTemp++ = *pszSrc++;
    1255      187764 :         nChars++;
    1256             :     }
    1257             : 
    1258       13439 :     return nChars;
    1259             : }
    1260             : 
    1261             : /************************************************************************/
    1262             : /*                         CPLPrintStringFill()                         */
    1263             : /************************************************************************/
    1264             : 
    1265             : /**
    1266             :  * Copy the string pointed to by pszSrc, NOT including the terminating
    1267             :  * `\\0' character, to the array pointed to by pszDest. Remainder of the
    1268             :  * destination string will be filled with space characters. This is only
    1269             :  * difference from the PrintString().
    1270             :  *
    1271             :  * @param pszDest Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be
    1272             :  * large enough to hold the resulting string.
    1273             :  *
    1274             :  * @param pszSrc Pointer to the source buffer.
    1275             :  *
    1276             :  * @param nMaxLen Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length
    1277             :  * is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.
    1278             :  *
    1279             :  * @return Number of characters printed.
    1280             :  */
    1281             : 
    1282         209 : int CPLPrintStringFill(char *pszDest, const char *pszSrc, int nMaxLen)
    1283             : {
    1284         209 :     if (!pszDest)
    1285           0 :         return 0;
    1286             : 
    1287         209 :     if (!pszSrc)
    1288             :     {
    1289           0 :         memset(pszDest, ' ', nMaxLen);
    1290           0 :         return nMaxLen;
    1291             :     }
    1292             : 
    1293         209 :     char *pszTemp = pszDest;
    1294        1257 :     while (nMaxLen && *pszSrc)
    1295             :     {
    1296        1048 :         *pszTemp++ = *pszSrc++;
    1297        1048 :         nMaxLen--;
    1298             :     }
    1299             : 
    1300         209 :     if (nMaxLen)
    1301          71 :         memset(pszTemp, ' ', nMaxLen);
    1302             : 
    1303         209 :     return nMaxLen;
    1304             : }
    1305             : 
    1306             : /************************************************************************/
    1307             : /*                           CPLPrintInt32()                            */
    1308             : /************************************************************************/
    1309             : 
    1310             : /**
    1311             :  * Print GInt32 value into specified string buffer. This string will not
    1312             :  * be NULL-terminated.
    1313             :  *
    1314             :  * @param pszBuffer Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be
    1315             :  * large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will
    1316             :  * not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
    1317             :  *
    1318             :  * @param iValue Numerical value to print.
    1319             :  *
    1320             :  * @param nMaxLen Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length
    1321             :  * is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.
    1322             :  *
    1323             :  * @return Number of characters printed.
    1324             :  */
    1325             : 
    1326           9 : int CPLPrintInt32(char *pszBuffer, GInt32 iValue, int nMaxLen)
    1327             : {
    1328           9 :     if (!pszBuffer)
    1329           0 :         return 0;
    1330             : 
    1331           9 :     if (nMaxLen >= 64)
    1332           0 :         nMaxLen = 63;
    1333             : 
    1334           9 :     char szTemp[64] = {};
    1335             : 
    1336             : #if UINT_MAX == 65535
    1337             :     snprintf(szTemp, sizeof(szTemp), "%*ld", nMaxLen, iValue);
    1338             : #else
    1339           9 :     snprintf(szTemp, sizeof(szTemp), "%*d", nMaxLen, iValue);
    1340             : #endif
    1341             : 
    1342           9 :     return CPLPrintString(pszBuffer, szTemp, nMaxLen);
    1343             : }
    1344             : 
    1345             : /************************************************************************/
    1346             : /*                          CPLPrintUIntBig()                           */
    1347             : /************************************************************************/
    1348             : 
    1349             : /**
    1350             :  * Print GUIntBig value into specified string buffer. This string will not
    1351             :  * be NULL-terminated.
    1352             :  *
    1353             :  * @param pszBuffer Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be
    1354             :  * large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will
    1355             :  * not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
    1356             :  *
    1357             :  * @param iValue Numerical value to print.
    1358             :  *
    1359             :  * @param nMaxLen Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length
    1360             :  * is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.
    1361             :  *
    1362             :  * @return Number of characters printed.
    1363             :  */
    1364             : 
    1365          24 : int CPLPrintUIntBig(char *pszBuffer, GUIntBig iValue, int nMaxLen)
    1366             : {
    1367          24 :     if (!pszBuffer)
    1368           0 :         return 0;
    1369             : 
    1370          24 :     if (nMaxLen >= 64)
    1371           0 :         nMaxLen = 63;
    1372             : 
    1373          24 :     char szTemp[64] = {};
    1374             : 
    1375             : #if defined(__MSVCRT__) || (defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER))
    1376             : /* x86_64-w64-mingw32-g++ (GCC) 4.8.2 annoyingly warns */
    1377             : #ifdef HAVE_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
    1378             : #pragma GCC diagnostic push
    1379             : #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat"
    1380             : #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-extra-args"
    1381             : #endif
    1382             :     snprintf(szTemp, sizeof(szTemp), "%*I64u", nMaxLen, iValue);
    1383             : #ifdef HAVE_GCC_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
    1384             : #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
    1385             : #endif
    1386             : #else
    1387          24 :     snprintf(szTemp, sizeof(szTemp), "%*llu", nMaxLen, iValue);
    1388             : #endif
    1389             : 
    1390          24 :     return CPLPrintString(pszBuffer, szTemp, nMaxLen);
    1391             : }
    1392             : 
    1393             : /************************************************************************/
    1394             : /*                          CPLPrintPointer()                           */
    1395             : /************************************************************************/
    1396             : 
    1397             : /**
    1398             :  * Print pointer value into specified string buffer. This string will not
    1399             :  * be NULL-terminated.
    1400             :  *
    1401             :  * @param pszBuffer Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be
    1402             :  * large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will
    1403             :  * not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
    1404             :  *
    1405             :  * @param pValue Pointer to ASCII encode.
    1406             :  *
    1407             :  * @param nMaxLen Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length
    1408             :  * is greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.
    1409             :  *
    1410             :  * @return Number of characters printed.
    1411             :  */
    1412             : 
    1413       13359 : int CPLPrintPointer(char *pszBuffer, void *pValue, int nMaxLen)
    1414             : {
    1415       13359 :     if (!pszBuffer)
    1416           0 :         return 0;
    1417             : 
    1418       13359 :     if (nMaxLen >= 64)
    1419       10770 :         nMaxLen = 63;
    1420             : 
    1421       13359 :     char szTemp[64] = {};
    1422             : 
    1423       13359 :     snprintf(szTemp, sizeof(szTemp), "%p", pValue);
    1424             : 
    1425             :     // On windows, and possibly some other platforms the sprintf("%p")
    1426             :     // does not prefix things with 0x so it is hard to know later if the
    1427             :     // value is hex encoded.  Fix this up here.
    1428             : 
    1429       13359 :     if (!STARTS_WITH_CI(szTemp, "0x"))
    1430           0 :         snprintf(szTemp, sizeof(szTemp), "0x%p", pValue);
    1431             : 
    1432       13359 :     return CPLPrintString(pszBuffer, szTemp, nMaxLen);
    1433             : }
    1434             : 
    1435             : /************************************************************************/
    1436             : /*                           CPLPrintDouble()                           */
    1437             : /************************************************************************/
    1438             : 
    1439             : /**
    1440             :  * Print double value into specified string buffer. Exponential character
    1441             :  * flag 'E' (or 'e') will be replaced with 'D', as in Fortran. Resulting
    1442             :  * string will not to be NULL-terminated.
    1443             :  *
    1444             :  * @param pszBuffer Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be
    1445             :  * large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will
    1446             :  * not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
    1447             :  *
    1448             :  * @param pszFormat Format specifier (for example, "%16.9E").
    1449             :  *
    1450             :  * @param dfValue Numerical value to print.
    1451             :  *
    1452             :  * @param pszLocale Unused.
    1453             :  *
    1454             :  * @return Number of characters printed.
    1455             :  */
    1456             : 
    1457           0 : int CPLPrintDouble(char *pszBuffer, const char *pszFormat, double dfValue,
    1458             :                    CPL_UNUSED const char *pszLocale)
    1459             : {
    1460           0 :     if (!pszBuffer)
    1461           0 :         return 0;
    1462             : 
    1463           0 :     const int knDoubleBufferSize = 64;
    1464           0 :     char szTemp[knDoubleBufferSize] = {};
    1465             : 
    1466           0 :     CPLsnprintf(szTemp, knDoubleBufferSize, pszFormat, dfValue);
    1467           0 :     szTemp[knDoubleBufferSize - 1] = '\0';
    1468             : 
    1469           0 :     for (int i = 0; szTemp[i] != '\0'; i++)
    1470             :     {
    1471           0 :         if (szTemp[i] == 'E' || szTemp[i] == 'e')
    1472           0 :             szTemp[i] = 'D';
    1473             :     }
    1474             : 
    1475           0 :     return CPLPrintString(pszBuffer, szTemp, 64);
    1476             : }
    1477             : 
    1478             : /************************************************************************/
    1479             : /*                            CPLPrintTime()                            */
    1480             : /************************************************************************/
    1481             : 
    1482             : /**
    1483             :  * Print specified time value accordingly to the format options and
    1484             :  * specified locale name. This function does following:
    1485             :  *
    1486             :  *  - if locale parameter is not NULL, the current locale setting will be
    1487             :  *  stored and replaced with the specified one;
    1488             :  *  - format time value with the strftime(3) function;
    1489             :  *  - restore back current locale, if was saved.
    1490             :  *
    1491             :  * @param pszBuffer Pointer to the destination string buffer. Should be
    1492             :  * large enough to hold the resulting string. Note, that the string will
    1493             :  * not be NULL-terminated, so user should do this himself, if needed.
    1494             :  *
    1495             :  * @param nMaxLen Maximum length of the resulting string. If string length is
    1496             :  * greater than nMaxLen, it will be truncated.
    1497             :  *
    1498             :  * @param pszFormat Controls the output format. Options are the same as
    1499             :  * for strftime(3) function.
    1500             :  *
    1501             :  * @param poBrokenTime Pointer to the broken-down time structure. May be
    1502             :  * requested with the VSIGMTime() and VSILocalTime() functions.
    1503             :  *
    1504             :  * @param pszLocale Pointer to a character string containing locale name
    1505             :  * ("C", "POSIX", "us_US", "ru_RU.KOI8-R" etc.). If NULL we will not
    1506             :  * manipulate with locale settings and current process locale will be used for
    1507             :  * printing. Be aware that it may be unsuitable to use current locale for
    1508             :  * printing time, because all names will be printed in your native language,
    1509             :  * as well as time format settings also may be adjusted differently from the
    1510             :  * C/POSIX defaults. To solve these problems this option was introduced.
    1511             :  *
    1512             :  * @return Number of characters printed.
    1513             :  */
    1514             : 
    1515          33 : int CPLPrintTime(char *pszBuffer, int nMaxLen, const char *pszFormat,
    1516             :                  const struct tm *poBrokenTime, const char *pszLocale)
    1517             : {
    1518             :     char *pszTemp =
    1519          33 :         static_cast<char *>(CPLMalloc((nMaxLen + 1) * sizeof(char)));
    1520             : 
    1521          33 :     if (pszLocale && EQUAL(pszLocale, "C") &&
    1522          33 :         strcmp(pszFormat, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT") == 0)
    1523             :     {
    1524             :         // Particular case when formatting RFC822 datetime, to avoid locale
    1525             :         // change
    1526             :         static const char *const aszMonthStr[] = {"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr",
    1527             :                                                   "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug",
    1528             :                                                   "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"};
    1529             :         static const char *const aszDayOfWeek[] = {"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed",
    1530             :                                                    "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"};
    1531          66 :         snprintf(pszTemp, nMaxLen + 1, "%s, %02d %s %04d %02d:%02d:%02d GMT",
    1532          33 :                  aszDayOfWeek[std::max(0, std::min(6, poBrokenTime->tm_wday))],
    1533          33 :                  poBrokenTime->tm_mday,
    1534          33 :                  aszMonthStr[std::max(0, std::min(11, poBrokenTime->tm_mon))],
    1535          33 :                  poBrokenTime->tm_year + 1900, poBrokenTime->tm_hour,
    1536          66 :                  poBrokenTime->tm_min, poBrokenTime->tm_sec);
    1537             :     }
    1538             :     else
    1539             :     {
    1540             : #if defined(HAVE_LOCALE_H) && defined(HAVE_SETLOCALE)
    1541             :         char *pszCurLocale = NULL;
    1542             : 
    1543             :         if (pszLocale || EQUAL(pszLocale, ""))
    1544             :         {
    1545             :             // Save the current locale.
    1546             :             pszCurLocale = CPLsetlocale(LC_ALL, NULL);
    1547             :             // Set locale to the specified value.
    1548             :             CPLsetlocale(LC_ALL, pszLocale);
    1549             :         }
    1550             : #else
    1551             :         (void)pszLocale;
    1552             : #endif
    1553             : 
    1554           0 :         if (!strftime(pszTemp, nMaxLen + 1, pszFormat, poBrokenTime))
    1555           0 :             memset(pszTemp, 0, nMaxLen + 1);
    1556             : 
    1557             : #if defined(HAVE_LOCALE_H) && defined(HAVE_SETLOCALE)
    1558             :         // Restore stored locale back.
    1559             :         if (pszCurLocale)
    1560             :             CPLsetlocale(LC_ALL, pszCurLocale);
    1561             : #endif
    1562             :     }
    1563             : 
    1564          33 :     const int nChars = CPLPrintString(pszBuffer, pszTemp, nMaxLen);
    1565             : 
    1566          33 :     CPLFree(pszTemp);
    1567             : 
    1568          33 :     return nChars;
    1569             : }
    1570             : 
    1571             : /************************************************************************/
    1572             : /*                       CPLVerifyConfiguration()                       */
    1573             : /************************************************************************/
    1574             : 
    1575           0 : void CPLVerifyConfiguration()
    1576             : 
    1577             : {
    1578             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1579             :     /*      Verify data types.                                              */
    1580             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1581             :     static_assert(sizeof(short) == 2);   // We unfortunately rely on this
    1582             :     static_assert(sizeof(int) == 4);     // We unfortunately rely on this
    1583             :     static_assert(sizeof(float) == 4);   // We unfortunately rely on this
    1584             :     static_assert(sizeof(double) == 8);  // We unfortunately rely on this
    1585             :     static_assert(sizeof(GInt64) == 8);
    1586             :     static_assert(sizeof(GInt32) == 4);
    1587             :     static_assert(sizeof(GInt16) == 2);
    1588             :     static_assert(sizeof(GByte) == 1);
    1589             : 
    1590             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1591             :     /*      Verify byte order                                               */
    1592             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    1593             : #ifdef CPL_LSB
    1594             : #if __cplusplus >= 202002L
    1595             :     static_assert(std::endian::native == std::endian::little);
    1596             : #elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
    1597             :     static_assert(__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__);
    1598             : #endif
    1599             : #elif defined(CPL_MSB)
    1600             : #if __cplusplus >= 202002L
    1601             :     static_assert(std::endian::native == std::endian::big);
    1602             : #elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER__) && defined(__ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
    1603             :     static_assert(__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__);
    1604             : #endif
    1605             : #else
    1606             : #error "CPL_LSB or CPL_MSB must be defined"
    1607             : #endif
    1608           0 : }
    1609             : 
    1610             : #ifdef DEBUG_CONFIG_OPTIONS
    1611             : 
    1612             : static CPLMutex *hRegisterConfigurationOptionMutex = nullptr;
    1613             : static std::set<CPLString> *paoGetKeys = nullptr;
    1614             : static std::set<CPLString> *paoSetKeys = nullptr;
    1615             : 
    1616             : /************************************************************************/
    1617             : /*                       CPLShowAccessedOptions()                       */
    1618             : /************************************************************************/
    1619             : 
    1620             : static void CPLShowAccessedOptions()
    1621             : {
    1622             :     std::set<CPLString>::iterator aoIter;
    1623             : 
    1624             :     printf("Configuration options accessed in reading : "); /*ok*/
    1625             :     aoIter = paoGetKeys->begin();
    1626             :     while (aoIter != paoGetKeys->end())
    1627             :     {
    1628             :         printf("%s, ", (*aoIter).c_str()); /*ok*/
    1629             :         ++aoIter;
    1630             :     }
    1631             :     printf("\n"); /*ok*/
    1632             : 
    1633             :     printf("Configuration options accessed in writing : "); /*ok*/
    1634             :     aoIter = paoSetKeys->begin();
    1635             :     while (aoIter != paoSetKeys->end())
    1636             :     {
    1637             :         printf("%s, ", (*aoIter).c_str()); /*ok*/
    1638             :         ++aoIter;
    1639             :     }
    1640             :     printf("\n"); /*ok*/
    1641             : 
    1642             :     delete paoGetKeys;
    1643             :     delete paoSetKeys;
    1644             :     paoGetKeys = nullptr;
    1645             :     paoSetKeys = nullptr;
    1646             : }
    1647             : 
    1648             : /************************************************************************/
    1649             : /*                       CPLAccessConfigOption()                        */
    1650             : /************************************************************************/
    1651             : 
    1652             : static void CPLAccessConfigOption(const char *pszKey, bool bGet)
    1653             : {
    1654             :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hRegisterConfigurationOptionMutex);
    1655             :     if (paoGetKeys == nullptr)
    1656             :     {
    1657             :         paoGetKeys = new std::set<CPLString>;
    1658             :         paoSetKeys = new std::set<CPLString>;
    1659             :         atexit(CPLShowAccessedOptions);
    1660             :     }
    1661             :     if (bGet)
    1662             :         paoGetKeys->insert(pszKey);
    1663             :     else
    1664             :         paoSetKeys->insert(pszKey);
    1665             : }
    1666             : #endif
    1667             : 
    1668             : /************************************************************************/
    1669             : /*                         CPLGetConfigOption()                         */
    1670             : /************************************************************************/
    1671             : 
    1672             : /**
    1673             :  * Get the value of a configuration option.
    1674             :  *
    1675             :  * The value is the value of a (key, value) option set with
    1676             :  * CPLSetConfigOption(), or CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption() of the same
    1677             :  * thread. If the given option was no defined with
    1678             :  * CPLSetConfigOption(), it tries to find it in environment variables.
    1679             :  *
    1680             :  * Note: the string returned by CPLGetConfigOption() might be short-lived, and
    1681             :  * in particular it will become invalid after a call to CPLSetConfigOption()
    1682             :  * with the same key.
    1683             :  *
    1684             :  * To override temporary a potentially existing option with a new value, you
    1685             :  * can use the following snippet :
    1686             :  * \code{.cpp}
    1687             :  *     // backup old value
    1688             :  *     const char* pszOldValTmp = CPLGetConfigOption(pszKey, NULL);
    1689             :  *     char* pszOldVal = pszOldValTmp ? CPLStrdup(pszOldValTmp) : NULL;
    1690             :  *     // override with new value
    1691             :  *     CPLSetConfigOption(pszKey, pszNewVal);
    1692             :  *     // do something useful
    1693             :  *     // restore old value
    1694             :  *     CPLSetConfigOption(pszKey, pszOldVal);
    1695             :  *     CPLFree(pszOldVal);
    1696             :  * \endcode
    1697             :  *
    1698             :  * @param pszKey the key of the option to retrieve
    1699             :  * @param pszDefault a default value if the key does not match existing defined
    1700             :  *     options (may be NULL)
    1701             :  * @return the value associated to the key, or the default value if not found
    1702             :  *
    1703             :  * @see CPLSetConfigOption(), https://gdal.org/user/configoptions.html
    1704             :  */
    1705     7189890 : const char *CPL_STDCALL CPLGetConfigOption(const char *pszKey,
    1706             :                                            const char *pszDefault)
    1707             : 
    1708             : {
    1709     7189890 :     const char *pszResult = CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOption(
    1710             :         pszKey, nullptr, /* bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull = */ false);
    1711             : 
    1712     7188150 :     if (pszResult == nullptr)
    1713             :     {
    1714     7145080 :         pszResult = CPLGetGlobalConfigOption(
    1715             :             pszKey, nullptr, /* bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull = */ false);
    1716             :     }
    1717             : 
    1718     7191620 :     if (gbIgnoreEnvVariables)
    1719             :     {
    1720           6 :         const char *pszEnvVar = getenv(pszKey);
    1721           6 :         if (pszEnvVar != nullptr)
    1722             :         {
    1723           1 :             CPLDebug("CPL",
    1724             :                      "Ignoring environment variable %s=%s because of "
    1725             :                      "ignore-env-vars=yes setting in configuration file",
    1726             :                      pszKey, pszEnvVar);
    1727             :         }
    1728             :     }
    1729     7191620 :     else if (pszResult == nullptr)
    1730             :     {
    1731     7138250 :         pszResult = getenv(pszKey);
    1732             :     }
    1733             : 
    1734     7191810 :     if (pszResult == nullptr || strcmp(pszResult, CPL_NULL_VALUE) == 0)
    1735     7127020 :         return pszDefault;
    1736             : 
    1737       64792 :     return pszResult;
    1738             : }
    1739             : 
    1740             : /************************************************************************/
    1741             : /*                        CPLGetConfigOptions()                         */
    1742             : /************************************************************************/
    1743             : 
    1744             : /**
    1745             :  * Return the list of configuration options as KEY=VALUE pairs.
    1746             :  *
    1747             :  * The list is the one set through the CPLSetConfigOption() API.
    1748             :  *
    1749             :  * Options that through environment variables or with
    1750             :  * CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption() will *not* be listed.
    1751             :  *
    1752             :  * @return a copy of the list, to be freed with CSLDestroy().
    1753             :  */
    1754          57 : char **CPLGetConfigOptions(void)
    1755             : {
    1756         114 :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hConfigMutex);
    1757         114 :     return CSLDuplicate(const_cast<char **>(g_papszConfigOptions));
    1758             : }
    1759             : 
    1760             : /************************************************************************/
    1761             : /*                        CPLSetConfigOptions()                         */
    1762             : /************************************************************************/
    1763             : 
    1764             : /**
    1765             :  * Replace the full list of configuration options with the passed list of
    1766             :  * KEY=VALUE pairs.
    1767             :  *
    1768             :  * This has the same effect of clearing the existing list, and setting
    1769             :  * individually each pair with the CPLSetConfigOption() API.
    1770             :  *
    1771             :  * This does not affect options set through environment variables or with
    1772             :  * CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption().
    1773             :  *
    1774             :  * The passed list is copied by the function.
    1775             :  *
    1776             :  * @param papszConfigOptions the new list (or NULL).
    1777             :  *
    1778             :  */
    1779         104 : void CPLSetConfigOptions(const char *const *papszConfigOptions)
    1780             : {
    1781         104 :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hConfigMutex);
    1782         104 :     CSLDestroy(const_cast<char **>(g_papszConfigOptions));
    1783         104 :     g_papszConfigOptions = const_cast<volatile char **>(
    1784         104 :         CSLDuplicate(const_cast<char **>(papszConfigOptions)));
    1785         104 : }
    1786             : 
    1787             : /************************************************************************/
    1788             : /*                   CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOption()                    */
    1789             : /************************************************************************/
    1790             : 
    1791             : /** Same as CPLGetConfigOption() but only with options set with
    1792             :  * CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption() */
    1793       30561 : const char *CPL_STDCALL CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOption(const char *pszKey,
    1794             :                                                       const char *pszDefault)
    1795             : 
    1796             : {
    1797       30561 :     return CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOption(pszKey, pszDefault, true);
    1798             : }
    1799             : 
    1800             : static const char *
    1801     7220210 : CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOption(const char *pszKey, const char *pszDefault,
    1802             :                               bool bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull)
    1803             : {
    1804             : #ifdef DEBUG_CONFIG_OPTIONS
    1805             :     CPLAccessConfigOption(pszKey, TRUE);
    1806             : #endif
    1807             : 
    1808     7220210 :     const char *pszResult = nullptr;
    1809             : 
    1810     7220210 :     int bMemoryError = FALSE;
    1811             :     char **papszTLConfigOptions = reinterpret_cast<char **>(
    1812     7220210 :         CPLGetTLSEx(CTLS_CONFIGOPTIONS, &bMemoryError));
    1813     7218870 :     if (papszTLConfigOptions != nullptr)
    1814     6768120 :         pszResult = CSLFetchNameValue(papszTLConfigOptions, pszKey);
    1815             : 
    1816     7219060 :     if (pszResult == nullptr || (bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull &&
    1817         693 :                                  strcmp(pszResult, CPL_NULL_VALUE) == 0))
    1818     7174550 :         return pszDefault;
    1819             : 
    1820       44516 :     return pszResult;
    1821             : }
    1822             : 
    1823             : /************************************************************************/
    1824             : /*                      CPLGetGlobalConfigOption()                      */
    1825             : /************************************************************************/
    1826             : 
    1827             : /** Same as CPLGetConfigOption() but excludes environment variables and
    1828             :  *  options set with CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption().
    1829             :  *  This function should generally not be used by applications, which should
    1830             :  *  use CPLGetConfigOption() instead.
    1831             :  *  @since 3.8 */
    1832        2126 : const char *CPL_STDCALL CPLGetGlobalConfigOption(const char *pszKey,
    1833             :                                                  const char *pszDefault)
    1834             : {
    1835        2126 :     return CPLGetGlobalConfigOption(
    1836        2126 :         pszKey, pszDefault, /* bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull = */ true);
    1837             : }
    1838             : 
    1839             : static const char *
    1840     7148100 : CPLGetGlobalConfigOption(const char *pszKey, const char *pszDefault,
    1841             :                          bool bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull)
    1842             : {
    1843             : 
    1844             : #ifdef DEBUG_CONFIG_OPTIONS
    1845             :     CPLAccessConfigOption(pszKey, TRUE);
    1846             : #endif
    1847             : 
    1848    14298800 :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hConfigMutex);
    1849             : 
    1850             :     const char *pszResult =
    1851     7150700 :         CSLFetchNameValue(const_cast<char **>(g_papszConfigOptions), pszKey);
    1852             : 
    1853     7150700 :     if (pszResult == nullptr || (bSubstituteNullValueMarkerWithNull &&
    1854         244 :                                  strcmp(pszResult, CPL_NULL_VALUE) == 0))
    1855     7140170 :         return pszDefault;
    1856             : 
    1857       10531 :     return pszResult;
    1858             : }
    1859             : 
    1860             : /************************************************************************/
    1861             : /*                   CPLSubscribeToSetConfigOption()                    */
    1862             : /************************************************************************/
    1863             : 
    1864             : /**
    1865             :  * Install a callback that will be notified of calls to CPLSetConfigOption()/
    1866             :  * CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption()
    1867             :  *
    1868             :  * @param pfnCallback Callback. Must not be NULL
    1869             :  * @param pUserData Callback user data. May be NULL.
    1870             :  * @return subscriber ID that can be used with CPLUnsubscribeToSetConfigOption()
    1871             :  * @since GDAL 3.7
    1872             :  */
    1873             : 
    1874        1328 : int CPLSubscribeToSetConfigOption(CPLSetConfigOptionSubscriber pfnCallback,
    1875             :                                   void *pUserData)
    1876             : {
    1877        2656 :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hConfigMutex);
    1878        1333 :     for (int nId = 0;
    1879        1333 :          nId < static_cast<int>(gSetConfigOptionSubscribers.size()); ++nId)
    1880             :     {
    1881           6 :         if (!gSetConfigOptionSubscribers[nId].first)
    1882             :         {
    1883           1 :             gSetConfigOptionSubscribers[nId].first = pfnCallback;
    1884           1 :             gSetConfigOptionSubscribers[nId].second = pUserData;
    1885           1 :             return nId;
    1886             :         }
    1887             :     }
    1888        1327 :     int nId = static_cast<int>(gSetConfigOptionSubscribers.size());
    1889        1327 :     gSetConfigOptionSubscribers.push_back(
    1890        1327 :         std::pair<CPLSetConfigOptionSubscriber, void *>(pfnCallback,
    1891             :                                                         pUserData));
    1892        1327 :     return nId;
    1893             : }
    1894             : 
    1895             : /************************************************************************/
    1896             : /*                  CPLUnsubscribeToSetConfigOption()                   */
    1897             : /************************************************************************/
    1898             : 
    1899             : /**
    1900             :  * Remove a subscriber installed with CPLSubscribeToSetConfigOption()
    1901             :  *
    1902             :  * @param nId Subscriber id returned by CPLSubscribeToSetConfigOption()
    1903             :  * @since GDAL 3.7
    1904             :  */
    1905             : 
    1906           4 : void CPLUnsubscribeToSetConfigOption(int nId)
    1907             : {
    1908           8 :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hConfigMutex);
    1909           4 :     if (nId == static_cast<int>(gSetConfigOptionSubscribers.size()) - 1)
    1910             :     {
    1911           3 :         gSetConfigOptionSubscribers.resize(gSetConfigOptionSubscribers.size() -
    1912             :                                            1);
    1913             :     }
    1914           2 :     else if (nId >= 0 &&
    1915           1 :              nId < static_cast<int>(gSetConfigOptionSubscribers.size()))
    1916             :     {
    1917           1 :         gSetConfigOptionSubscribers[nId].first = nullptr;
    1918             :     }
    1919           4 : }
    1920             : 
    1921             : /************************************************************************/
    1922             : /*              NotifyOtherComponentsConfigOptionChanged()              */
    1923             : /************************************************************************/
    1924             : 
    1925       72024 : static void NotifyOtherComponentsConfigOptionChanged(const char *pszKey,
    1926             :                                                      const char *pszValue,
    1927             :                                                      bool bThreadLocal)
    1928             : {
    1929             :     // When changing authentication parameters of virtual file systems,
    1930             :     // partially invalidate cached state about file availability.
    1931       72024 :     if (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszKey, "AWS_") || STARTS_WITH_CI(pszKey, "GS_") ||
    1932       68939 :         STARTS_WITH_CI(pszKey, "GOOGLE_") ||
    1933       68900 :         STARTS_WITH_CI(pszKey, "GDAL_HTTP_HEADER_FILE") ||
    1934       68899 :         STARTS_WITH_CI(pszKey, "AZURE_") ||
    1935       68697 :         (STARTS_WITH_CI(pszKey, "SWIFT_") && !EQUAL(pszKey, "SWIFT_MAX_KEYS")))
    1936             :     {
    1937        3431 :         VSICurlAuthParametersChanged();
    1938             :     }
    1939             : 
    1940       71992 :     if (!gSetConfigOptionSubscribers.empty())
    1941             :     {
    1942      141864 :         for (const auto &iter : gSetConfigOptionSubscribers)
    1943             :         {
    1944       71017 :             if (iter.first)
    1945       71151 :                 iter.first(pszKey, pszValue, bThreadLocal, iter.second);
    1946             :         }
    1947             :     }
    1948       71662 : }
    1949             : 
    1950             : /************************************************************************/
    1951             : /*                         CPLIsDebugEnabled()                          */
    1952             : /************************************************************************/
    1953             : 
    1954             : static int gnDebug = -1;
    1955             : 
    1956             : /** Returns whether CPL_DEBUG is enabled.
    1957             :  *
    1958             :  * @since 3.11
    1959             :  */
    1960       78059 : bool CPLIsDebugEnabled()
    1961             : {
    1962       78059 :     if (gnDebug < 0)
    1963             :     {
    1964             :         // Check that apszKnownConfigOptions is correctly sorted with
    1965             :         // STRCASECMP() criterion.
    1966      521874 :         for (size_t i = 1; i < CPL_ARRAYSIZE(apszKnownConfigOptions); ++i)
    1967             :         {
    1968      521400 :             if (STRCASECMP(apszKnownConfigOptions[i - 1],
    1969             :                            apszKnownConfigOptions[i]) >= 0)
    1970             :             {
    1971           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    1972             :                          "ERROR: apszKnownConfigOptions[] isn't correctly "
    1973             :                          "sorted: %s >= %s",
    1974           0 :                          apszKnownConfigOptions[i - 1],
    1975           0 :                          apszKnownConfigOptions[i]);
    1976             :             }
    1977             :         }
    1978         474 :         gnDebug = CPLTestBool(CPLGetConfigOption("CPL_DEBUG", "OFF"));
    1979             :     }
    1980             : 
    1981       78032 :     return gnDebug != 0;
    1982             : }
    1983             : 
    1984             : /************************************************************************/
    1985             : /*                    CPLDeclareKnownConfigOption()                     */
    1986             : /************************************************************************/
    1987             : 
    1988             : static std::mutex goMutexDeclaredKnownConfigOptions;
    1989             : static std::set<CPLString> goSetKnownConfigOptions;
    1990             : 
    1991             : /** Declare that the specified configuration option is known.
    1992             :  *
    1993             :  * This is useful to avoid a warning to be emitted on unknown configuration
    1994             :  * options when CPL_DEBUG is enabled.
    1995             :  *
    1996             :  * @param pszKey Name of the configuration option to declare.
    1997             :  * @param pszDefinition Unused for now. Must be set to nullptr.
    1998             :  * @since 3.11
    1999             :  */
    2000           1 : void CPLDeclareKnownConfigOption(const char *pszKey,
    2001             :                                  [[maybe_unused]] const char *pszDefinition)
    2002             : {
    2003           1 :     std::lock_guard oLock(goMutexDeclaredKnownConfigOptions);
    2004           1 :     goSetKnownConfigOptions.insert(CPLString(pszKey).toupper());
    2005           1 : }
    2006             : 
    2007             : /************************************************************************/
    2008             : /*                      CPLGetKnownConfigOptions()                      */
    2009             : /************************************************************************/
    2010             : 
    2011             : /** Return the list of known configuration options.
    2012             :  *
    2013             :  * Must be freed with CSLDestroy().
    2014             :  * @since 3.11
    2015             :  */
    2016           4 : char **CPLGetKnownConfigOptions()
    2017             : {
    2018           8 :     std::lock_guard oLock(goMutexDeclaredKnownConfigOptions);
    2019           8 :     CPLStringList aosList;
    2020        4408 :     for (const char *pszKey : apszKnownConfigOptions)
    2021        4404 :         aosList.AddString(pszKey);
    2022           5 :     for (const auto &osKey : goSetKnownConfigOptions)
    2023           1 :         aosList.AddString(osKey);
    2024           8 :     return aosList.StealList();
    2025             : }
    2026             : 
    2027             : /************************************************************************/
    2028             : /*            CPLSetConfigOptionDetectUnknownConfigOption()             */
    2029             : /************************************************************************/
    2030             : 
    2031       72085 : static void CPLSetConfigOptionDetectUnknownConfigOption(const char *pszKey,
    2032             :                                                         const char *pszValue)
    2033             : {
    2034       72085 :     if (EQUAL(pszKey, "CPL_DEBUG"))
    2035             :     {
    2036         128 :         gnDebug = pszValue ? CPLTestBool(pszValue) : false;
    2037             :     }
    2038       71957 :     else if (CPLIsDebugEnabled())
    2039             :     {
    2040         272 :         if (!std::binary_search(std::begin(apszKnownConfigOptions),
    2041             :                                 std::end(apszKnownConfigOptions), pszKey,
    2042        3012 :                                 [](const char *a, const char *b)
    2043        3012 :                                 { return STRCASECMP(a, b) < 0; }))
    2044             :         {
    2045             :             bool bFound;
    2046             :             {
    2047           4 :                 std::lock_guard oLock(goMutexDeclaredKnownConfigOptions);
    2048           8 :                 bFound = cpl::contains(goSetKnownConfigOptions,
    2049           4 :                                        CPLString(pszKey).toupper());
    2050             :             }
    2051           4 :             if (!bFound)
    2052             :             {
    2053           2 :                 const char *pszOldValue = CPLGetConfigOption(pszKey, nullptr);
    2054           2 :                 if (!((!pszValue && !pszOldValue) ||
    2055           1 :                       (pszValue && pszOldValue &&
    2056           0 :                        EQUAL(pszValue, pszOldValue))))
    2057             :                 {
    2058           2 :                     CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2059             :                              "Unknown configuration option '%s'.", pszKey);
    2060             :                 }
    2061             :             }
    2062             :         }
    2063             :     }
    2064       72027 : }
    2065             : 
    2066             : /************************************************************************/
    2067             : /*                         CPLSetConfigOption()                         */
    2068             : /************************************************************************/
    2069             : 
    2070             : /**
    2071             :  * Set a configuration option for GDAL/OGR use.
    2072             :  *
    2073             :  * Those options are defined as a (key, value) couple. The value corresponding
    2074             :  * to a key can be got later with the CPLGetConfigOption() method.
    2075             :  *
    2076             :  * This mechanism is similar to environment variables, but options set with
    2077             :  * CPLSetConfigOption() overrides, for CPLGetConfigOption() point of view,
    2078             :  * values defined in the environment.
    2079             :  *
    2080             :  * If CPLSetConfigOption() is called several times with the same key, the
    2081             :  * value provided during the last call will be used.
    2082             :  *
    2083             :  * Options can also be passed on the command line of most GDAL utilities
    2084             :  * with '\--config KEY VALUE' (or '\--config KEY=VALUE' since GDAL 3.10).
    2085             :  * For example, ogrinfo \--config CPL_DEBUG ON ~/data/test/point.shp
    2086             :  *
    2087             :  * This function can also be used to clear a setting by passing NULL as the
    2088             :  * value (note: passing NULL will not unset an existing environment variable;
    2089             :  * it will just unset a value previously set by CPLSetConfigOption()).
    2090             :  *
    2091             :  * Note that setting the GDAL_CACHEMAX configuration option after at least one
    2092             :  * raster has been read will be without effect. Use GDALSetCacheMax64()
    2093             :  * instead.
    2094             :  *
    2095             :  * Starting with GDAL 3.11, if CPL_DEBUG is enabled prior to this call, and
    2096             :  * CPLSetConfigOption() is called with a key that is neither a known
    2097             :  * configuration option of GDAL itself, or one that has been declared with
    2098             :  * CPLDeclareKnownConfigOption(), a warning will be emitted.
    2099             :  *
    2100             :  * Starting with GDAL 3.13, the CPL_NULL_VALUE macro can be used as the value
    2101             :  * to indicate that callers of CPLGetConfigOption() should see the default value,
    2102             :  * instead of the value of the corresponding environment variable.
    2103             :  *
    2104             :  * @param pszKey the key of the option
    2105             :  * @param pszValue the value of the option, NULL to clear a setting, or
    2106             :  *                 macro CPL_NULL_VALUE.
    2107             :  * @see https://gdal.org/user/configoptions.html
    2108             :  */
    2109        5578 : void CPL_STDCALL CPLSetConfigOption(const char *pszKey, const char *pszValue)
    2110             : 
    2111             : {
    2112             : #ifdef DEBUG_CONFIG_OPTIONS
    2113             :     CPLAccessConfigOption(pszKey, FALSE);
    2114             : #endif
    2115       11156 :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hConfigMutex);
    2116             : 
    2117             : #ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    2118        5578 :     OGRAPISPYCPLSetConfigOption(pszKey, pszValue);
    2119             : #endif
    2120             : 
    2121        5578 :     CPLSetConfigOptionDetectUnknownConfigOption(pszKey, pszValue);
    2122             : 
    2123        5578 :     g_papszConfigOptions = const_cast<volatile char **>(CSLSetNameValue(
    2124             :         const_cast<char **>(g_papszConfigOptions), pszKey, pszValue));
    2125             : 
    2126        5578 :     NotifyOtherComponentsConfigOptionChanged(pszKey, pszValue,
    2127             :                                              /*bTheadLocal=*/false);
    2128        5578 : }
    2129             : 
    2130             : /************************************************************************/
    2131             : /*                    CPLSetThreadLocalTLSFreeFunc()                    */
    2132             : /************************************************************************/
    2133             : 
    2134             : /* non-stdcall wrapper function for CSLDestroy() (#5590) */
    2135          25 : static void CPLSetThreadLocalTLSFreeFunc(void *pData)
    2136             : {
    2137          25 :     CSLDestroy(reinterpret_cast<char **>(pData));
    2138          25 : }
    2139             : 
    2140             : /************************************************************************/
    2141             : /*                   CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption()                    */
    2142             : /************************************************************************/
    2143             : 
    2144             : /**
    2145             :  * Set a configuration option for GDAL/OGR use.
    2146             :  *
    2147             :  * Those options are defined as a (key, value) couple. The value corresponding
    2148             :  * to a key can be got later with the CPLGetConfigOption() method.
    2149             :  *
    2150             :  * This function sets the configuration option that only applies in the
    2151             :  * current thread, as opposed to CPLSetConfigOption() which sets an option
    2152             :  * that applies on all threads. CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption() will override
    2153             :  * the effect of CPLSetConfigOption) for the current thread.
    2154             :  *
    2155             :  * This function can also be used to clear a setting by passing NULL as the
    2156             :  * value (note: passing NULL will not unset an existing environment variable or
    2157             :  * a value set through CPLSetConfigOption();
    2158             :  * it will just unset a value previously set by
    2159             :  * CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption()).
    2160             :  *
    2161             :  * Note that setting the GDAL_CACHEMAX configuration option after at least one
    2162             :  * raster has been read will be without effect. Use GDALSetCacheMax64()
    2163             :  * instead.
    2164             :  *
    2165             :  * Starting with GDAL 3.13, the CPL_NULL_VALUE macro can be used as the value
    2166             :  * to indicate that callers of CPLGetConfigOption() should see the default value,
    2167             :  * instead of the value of the corresponding environment variable.
    2168             :  *
    2169             :  * @param pszKey the key of the option
    2170             :  * @param pszValue the value of the option, NULL to clear a setting, or
    2171             :  *                 macro CPL_NULL_VALUE.
    2172             :  */
    2173             : 
    2174       66333 : void CPL_STDCALL CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption(const char *pszKey,
    2175             :                                                const char *pszValue)
    2176             : 
    2177             : {
    2178             : #ifdef DEBUG_CONFIG_OPTIONS
    2179             :     CPLAccessConfigOption(pszKey, FALSE);
    2180             : #endif
    2181             : 
    2182             : #ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    2183       66333 :     OGRAPISPYCPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption(pszKey, pszValue);
    2184             : #endif
    2185             : 
    2186       66521 :     int bMemoryError = FALSE;
    2187             :     char **papszTLConfigOptions = reinterpret_cast<char **>(
    2188       66521 :         CPLGetTLSEx(CTLS_CONFIGOPTIONS, &bMemoryError));
    2189       66496 :     if (bMemoryError)
    2190           0 :         return;
    2191             : 
    2192       66496 :     CPLSetConfigOptionDetectUnknownConfigOption(pszKey, pszValue);
    2193             : 
    2194             :     papszTLConfigOptions =
    2195       66463 :         CSLSetNameValue(papszTLConfigOptions, pszKey, pszValue);
    2196             : 
    2197       66447 :     CPLSetTLSWithFreeFunc(CTLS_CONFIGOPTIONS, papszTLConfigOptions,
    2198             :                           CPLSetThreadLocalTLSFreeFunc);
    2199             : 
    2200       66288 :     NotifyOtherComponentsConfigOptionChanged(pszKey, pszValue,
    2201             :                                              /*bTheadLocal=*/true);
    2202             : }
    2203             : 
    2204             : /************************************************************************/
    2205             : /*                   CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOptions()                   */
    2206             : /************************************************************************/
    2207             : 
    2208             : /**
    2209             :  * Return the list of thread local configuration options as KEY=VALUE pairs.
    2210             :  *
    2211             :  * Options that through environment variables or with
    2212             :  * CPLSetConfigOption() will *not* be listed.
    2213             :  *
    2214             :  * @return a copy of the list, to be freed with CSLDestroy().
    2215             :  */
    2216      742469 : char **CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOptions(void)
    2217             : {
    2218      742469 :     int bMemoryError = FALSE;
    2219             :     char **papszTLConfigOptions = reinterpret_cast<char **>(
    2220      742469 :         CPLGetTLSEx(CTLS_CONFIGOPTIONS, &bMemoryError));
    2221      741290 :     if (bMemoryError)
    2222           0 :         return nullptr;
    2223      741290 :     return CSLDuplicate(papszTLConfigOptions);
    2224             : }
    2225             : 
    2226             : /************************************************************************/
    2227             : /*                   CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOptions()                   */
    2228             : /************************************************************************/
    2229             : 
    2230             : /**
    2231             :  * Replace the full list of thread local configuration options with the
    2232             :  * passed list of KEY=VALUE pairs.
    2233             :  *
    2234             :  * This has the same effect of clearing the existing list, and setting
    2235             :  * individually each pair with the CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption() API.
    2236             :  *
    2237             :  * This does not affect options set through environment variables or with
    2238             :  * CPLSetConfigOption().
    2239             :  *
    2240             :  * The passed list is copied by the function.
    2241             :  *
    2242             :  * @param papszConfigOptions the new list (or NULL).
    2243             :  *
    2244             :  */
    2245     1475980 : void CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOptions(const char *const *papszConfigOptions)
    2246             : {
    2247     1475980 :     int bMemoryError = FALSE;
    2248             :     char **papszTLConfigOptions = reinterpret_cast<char **>(
    2249     1475980 :         CPLGetTLSEx(CTLS_CONFIGOPTIONS, &bMemoryError));
    2250     1467000 :     if (bMemoryError)
    2251           0 :         return;
    2252     1467000 :     CSLDestroy(papszTLConfigOptions);
    2253             :     papszTLConfigOptions =
    2254     1462250 :         CSLDuplicate(const_cast<char **>(papszConfigOptions));
    2255     1466440 :     CPLSetTLSWithFreeFunc(CTLS_CONFIGOPTIONS, papszTLConfigOptions,
    2256             :                           CPLSetThreadLocalTLSFreeFunc);
    2257             : }
    2258             : 
    2259             : /************************************************************************/
    2260             : /*                           CPLFreeConfig()                            */
    2261             : /************************************************************************/
    2262             : 
    2263        1564 : void CPL_STDCALL CPLFreeConfig()
    2264             : 
    2265             : {
    2266             :     {
    2267        3128 :         CPLMutexHolderD(&hConfigMutex);
    2268             : 
    2269        1564 :         CSLDestroy(const_cast<char **>(g_papszConfigOptions));
    2270        1564 :         g_papszConfigOptions = nullptr;
    2271             : 
    2272        1564 :         int bMemoryError = FALSE;
    2273             :         char **papszTLConfigOptions = reinterpret_cast<char **>(
    2274        1564 :             CPLGetTLSEx(CTLS_CONFIGOPTIONS, &bMemoryError));
    2275        1564 :         if (papszTLConfigOptions != nullptr)
    2276             :         {
    2277         211 :             CSLDestroy(papszTLConfigOptions);
    2278         211 :             CPLSetTLS(CTLS_CONFIGOPTIONS, nullptr, FALSE);
    2279             :         }
    2280             :     }
    2281        1564 :     CPLDestroyMutex(hConfigMutex);
    2282        1564 :     hConfigMutex = nullptr;
    2283        1564 : }
    2284             : 
    2285             : /************************************************************************/
    2286             : /*                    CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile()                    */
    2287             : /************************************************************************/
    2288             : 
    2289             : /** Load configuration from a given configuration file.
    2290             : 
    2291             : A configuration file is a text file in a .ini style format, that lists
    2292             : configuration options and their values.
    2293             : Lines starting with # are comment lines.
    2294             : 
    2295             : Example:
    2296             : \verbatim
    2297             : [configoptions]
    2298             : # set BAR as the value of configuration option FOO
    2299             : FOO=BAR
    2300             : \endverbatim
    2301             : 
    2302             : Starting with GDAL 3.5, a configuration file can also contain credentials
    2303             : (or more generally options related to a virtual file system) for a given path
    2304             : prefix, that can also be set with VSISetPathSpecificOption(). Credentials should
    2305             : be put under a [credentials] section, and for each path prefix, under a relative
    2306             : subsection whose name starts with "[." (e.g. "[.some_arbitrary_name]"), and
    2307             : whose first key is "path".
    2308             : 
    2309             : Example:
    2310             : \verbatim
    2311             : [credentials]
    2312             : 
    2313             : [.private_bucket]
    2314             : path=/vsis3/my_private_bucket
    2315             : AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=...
    2316             : AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=...
    2317             : 
    2318             : [.sentinel_s2_l1c]
    2319             : path=/vsis3/sentinel-s2-l1c
    2320             : AWS_REQUEST_PAYER=requester
    2321             : \endverbatim
    2322             : 
    2323             : Starting with GDAL 3.6, a leading [directives] section might be added with
    2324             : a "ignore-env-vars=yes" setting to indicate that, starting with that point,
    2325             : all environment variables should be ignored, and only configuration options
    2326             : defined in the [configoptions] sections or through the CPLSetConfigOption() /
    2327             : CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption() functions should be taken into account.
    2328             : 
    2329             : This function is typically called by CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromPredefinedFiles()
    2330             : 
    2331             : @param pszFilename File where to load configuration from.
    2332             : @param bOverrideEnvVars Whether configuration options from the configuration
    2333             :                         file should override environment variables.
    2334             : @since GDAL 3.3
    2335             :  */
    2336        3604 : void CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile(const char *pszFilename, int bOverrideEnvVars)
    2337             : {
    2338        3604 :     VSILFILE *fp = VSIFOpenL(pszFilename, "rb");
    2339        3604 :     if (fp == nullptr)
    2340        3595 :         return;
    2341           9 :     CPLDebug("CPL", "Loading configuration from %s", pszFilename);
    2342             :     const char *pszLine;
    2343             :     enum class Section
    2344             :     {
    2345             :         NONE,
    2346             :         GENERAL,
    2347             :         CONFIG_OPTIONS,
    2348             :         CREDENTIALS,
    2349             :     };
    2350           9 :     Section eCurrentSection = Section::NONE;
    2351           9 :     bool bInSubsection = false;
    2352          18 :     std::string osPath;
    2353           9 :     int nSectionCounter = 0;
    2354             : 
    2355          56 :     const auto IsSpaceOnly = [](const char *pszStr)
    2356             :     {
    2357          56 :         for (; *pszStr; ++pszStr)
    2358             :         {
    2359          47 :             if (!isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(*pszStr)))
    2360          41 :                 return false;
    2361             :         }
    2362           9 :         return true;
    2363             :     };
    2364             : 
    2365          59 :     while ((pszLine = CPLReadLine2L(fp, -1, nullptr)) != nullptr)
    2366             :     {
    2367          50 :         if (IsSpaceOnly(pszLine))
    2368             :         {
    2369             :             // Blank line
    2370             :         }
    2371          41 :         else if (pszLine[0] == '#')
    2372             :         {
    2373             :             // Comment line
    2374             :         }
    2375          35 :         else if (strcmp(pszLine, "[configoptions]") == 0)
    2376             :         {
    2377           6 :             nSectionCounter++;
    2378           6 :             eCurrentSection = Section::CONFIG_OPTIONS;
    2379             :         }
    2380          29 :         else if (strcmp(pszLine, "[credentials]") == 0)
    2381             :         {
    2382           4 :             nSectionCounter++;
    2383           4 :             eCurrentSection = Section::CREDENTIALS;
    2384           4 :             bInSubsection = false;
    2385           4 :             osPath.clear();
    2386             :         }
    2387          25 :         else if (strcmp(pszLine, "[directives]") == 0)
    2388             :         {
    2389           2 :             nSectionCounter++;
    2390           2 :             if (nSectionCounter != 1)
    2391             :             {
    2392           0 :                 CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2393             :                          "The [directives] section should be the first one in "
    2394             :                          "the file, otherwise some its settings might not be "
    2395             :                          "used correctly.");
    2396             :             }
    2397           2 :             eCurrentSection = Section::GENERAL;
    2398             :         }
    2399          23 :         else if (eCurrentSection == Section::GENERAL)
    2400             :         {
    2401           2 :             char *pszKey = nullptr;
    2402           2 :             const char *pszValue = CPLParseNameValue(pszLine, &pszKey);
    2403           2 :             if (pszKey && pszValue)
    2404             :             {
    2405           2 :                 if (strcmp(pszKey, "ignore-env-vars") == 0)
    2406             :                 {
    2407           2 :                     gbIgnoreEnvVariables = CPLTestBool(pszValue);
    2408             :                 }
    2409             :                 else
    2410             :                 {
    2411           0 :                     CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2412             :                              "Ignoring %s line in [directives] section",
    2413             :                              pszLine);
    2414             :                 }
    2415             :             }
    2416           2 :             CPLFree(pszKey);
    2417             :         }
    2418          21 :         else if (eCurrentSection == Section::CREDENTIALS)
    2419             :         {
    2420          15 :             if (strncmp(pszLine, "[.", 2) == 0)
    2421             :             {
    2422           4 :                 bInSubsection = true;
    2423           4 :                 osPath.clear();
    2424             :             }
    2425          11 :             else if (bInSubsection)
    2426             :             {
    2427          10 :                 char *pszKey = nullptr;
    2428          10 :                 const char *pszValue = CPLParseNameValue(pszLine, &pszKey);
    2429          10 :                 if (pszKey && pszValue)
    2430             :                 {
    2431          10 :                     if (strcmp(pszKey, "path") == 0)
    2432             :                     {
    2433           4 :                         if (!osPath.empty())
    2434             :                         {
    2435           1 :                             CPLError(
    2436             :                                 CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2437             :                                 "Duplicated 'path' key in the same subsection. "
    2438             :                                 "Ignoring %s=%s",
    2439             :                                 pszKey, pszValue);
    2440             :                         }
    2441             :                         else
    2442             :                         {
    2443           3 :                             osPath = pszValue;
    2444             :                         }
    2445             :                     }
    2446           6 :                     else if (osPath.empty())
    2447             :                     {
    2448           1 :                         CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2449             :                                  "First entry in a credentials subsection "
    2450             :                                  "should be 'path'.");
    2451             :                     }
    2452             :                     else
    2453             :                     {
    2454           5 :                         VSISetPathSpecificOption(osPath.c_str(), pszKey,
    2455             :                                                  pszValue);
    2456             :                     }
    2457             :                 }
    2458          10 :                 CPLFree(pszKey);
    2459             :             }
    2460           1 :             else if (pszLine[0] == '[')
    2461             :             {
    2462           0 :                 eCurrentSection = Section::NONE;
    2463             :             }
    2464             :             else
    2465             :             {
    2466           1 :                 CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    2467             :                          "Ignoring content in [credential] section that is not "
    2468             :                          "in a [.xxxxx] subsection");
    2469             :             }
    2470             :         }
    2471           6 :         else if (pszLine[0] == '[')
    2472             :         {
    2473           0 :             eCurrentSection = Section::NONE;
    2474             :         }
    2475           6 :         else if (eCurrentSection == Section::CONFIG_OPTIONS)
    2476             :         {
    2477           6 :             char *pszKey = nullptr;
    2478           6 :             const char *pszValue = CPLParseNameValue(pszLine, &pszKey);
    2479           6 :             if (pszKey && pszValue)
    2480             :             {
    2481          11 :                 if (bOverrideEnvVars || gbIgnoreEnvVariables ||
    2482           5 :                     getenv(pszKey) == nullptr)
    2483             :                 {
    2484           5 :                     CPLDebugOnly("CPL", "Setting configuration option %s=%s",
    2485             :                                  pszKey, pszValue);
    2486           5 :                     CPLSetConfigOption(pszKey, pszValue);
    2487             :                 }
    2488             :                 else
    2489             :                 {
    2490           1 :                     CPLDebug("CPL",
    2491             :                              "Ignoring configuration option %s=%s from "
    2492             :                              "configuration file as it is already set "
    2493             :                              "as an environment variable",
    2494             :                              pszKey, pszValue);
    2495             :                 }
    2496             :             }
    2497           6 :             CPLFree(pszKey);
    2498             :         }
    2499             :     }
    2500           9 :     VSIFCloseL(fp);
    2501             : }
    2502             : 
    2503             : /************************************************************************/
    2504             : /*              CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromPredefinedFiles()               */
    2505             : /************************************************************************/
    2506             : 
    2507             : /** Load configuration from a set of predefined files.
    2508             :  *
    2509             :  * If the environment variable (or configuration option) GDAL_CONFIG_FILE is
    2510             :  * set, then CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile() will be called with the value of
    2511             :  * this configuration option as the file location.
    2512             :  *
    2513             :  * Otherwise, for Unix builds, CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile() will be called
    2514             :  * with ${sysconfdir}/gdal/gdalrc first where ${sysconfdir} evaluates
    2515             :  * to ${prefix}/etc, unless the \--sysconfdir switch of configure has been
    2516             :  * invoked.
    2517             :  *
    2518             :  * Then CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile() will be called with ${HOME}/.gdal/gdalrc
    2519             :  * on Unix builds (potentially overriding what was loaded with the sysconfdir)
    2520             :  * or ${USERPROFILE}/.gdal/gdalrc on Windows builds.
    2521             :  *
    2522             :  * CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile() will be called with bOverrideEnvVars = false,
    2523             :  * that is the value of environment variables previously set will be used
    2524             :  * instead of the value set in the configuration files (unless the configuration
    2525             :  * file contains a leading [directives] section with a "ignore-env-vars=yes"
    2526             :  * setting).
    2527             :  *
    2528             :  * This function is automatically called by GDALDriverManager() constructor
    2529             :  *
    2530             :  * @since GDAL 3.3
    2531             :  */
    2532        1799 : void CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromPredefinedFiles()
    2533             : {
    2534        1799 :     const char *pszFile = CPLGetConfigOption("GDAL_CONFIG_FILE", nullptr);
    2535        1799 :     if (pszFile != nullptr)
    2536             :     {
    2537           2 :         CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile(pszFile, false);
    2538             :     }
    2539             :     else
    2540             :     {
    2541             : #ifdef SYSCONFDIR
    2542        1797 :         CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile(
    2543        3594 :             CPLFormFilenameSafe(
    2544        3594 :                 CPLFormFilenameSafe(SYSCONFDIR, "gdal", nullptr).c_str(),
    2545             :                 "gdalrc", nullptr)
    2546             :                 .c_str(),
    2547             :             false);
    2548             : #endif
    2549             : 
    2550             : #ifdef _WIN32
    2551             :         const char *pszHome = CPLGetConfigOption("USERPROFILE", nullptr);
    2552             : #else
    2553        1797 :         const char *pszHome = CPLGetConfigOption("HOME", nullptr);
    2554             : #endif
    2555        1797 :         if (pszHome != nullptr)
    2556             :         {
    2557        1797 :             CPLLoadConfigOptionsFromFile(
    2558        3594 :                 CPLFormFilenameSafe(
    2559        3594 :                     CPLFormFilenameSafe(pszHome, ".gdal", nullptr).c_str(),
    2560             :                     "gdalrc", nullptr)
    2561             :                     .c_str(),
    2562             :                 false);
    2563             :         }
    2564             :     }
    2565        1799 : }
    2566             : 
    2567             : /************************************************************************/
    2568             : /*                              CPLStat()                               */
    2569             : /************************************************************************/
    2570             : 
    2571             : /** Same as VSIStat() except it works on "C:" as if it were "C:\". */
    2572             : 
    2573           0 : int CPLStat(const char *pszPath, VSIStatBuf *psStatBuf)
    2574             : 
    2575             : {
    2576           0 :     if (strlen(pszPath) == 2 && pszPath[1] == ':')
    2577             :     {
    2578           0 :         char szAltPath[4] = {pszPath[0], pszPath[1], '\\', '\0'};
    2579           0 :         return VSIStat(szAltPath, psStatBuf);
    2580             :     }
    2581             : 
    2582           0 :     return VSIStat(pszPath, psStatBuf);
    2583             : }
    2584             : 
    2585             : /************************************************************************/
    2586             : /*                            proj_strtod()                             */
    2587             : /************************************************************************/
    2588          18 : static double proj_strtod(char *nptr, char **endptr)
    2589             : 
    2590             : {
    2591          18 :     char c = '\0';
    2592          18 :     char *cp = nptr;
    2593             : 
    2594             :     // Scan for characters which cause problems with VC++ strtod().
    2595          84 :     while ((c = *cp) != '\0')
    2596             :     {
    2597          72 :         if (c == 'd' || c == 'D')
    2598             :         {
    2599             :             // Found one, so NUL it out, call strtod(),
    2600             :             // then restore it and return.
    2601           6 :             *cp = '\0';
    2602           6 :             const double result = CPLStrtod(nptr, endptr);
    2603           6 :             *cp = c;
    2604           6 :             return result;
    2605             :         }
    2606          66 :         ++cp;
    2607             :     }
    2608             : 
    2609             :     // No offending characters, just handle normally.
    2610             : 
    2611          12 :     return CPLStrtod(nptr, endptr);
    2612             : }
    2613             : 
    2614             : /************************************************************************/
    2615             : /*                            CPLDMSToDec()                             */
    2616             : /************************************************************************/
    2617             : 
    2618             : static const char *sym = "NnEeSsWw";
    2619             : constexpr double vm[] = {1.0, 0.0166666666667, 0.00027777778};
    2620             : 
    2621             : /** CPLDMSToDec */
    2622           6 : double CPLDMSToDec(const char *is)
    2623             : 
    2624             : {
    2625             :     // Copy string into work space.
    2626           6 :     while (isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(*is)))
    2627           0 :         ++is;
    2628             : 
    2629           6 :     const char *p = is;
    2630           6 :     char work[64] = {};
    2631           6 :     char *s = work;
    2632           6 :     int n = sizeof(work);
    2633          60 :     for (; isgraph(*p) && --n;)
    2634          54 :         *s++ = *p++;
    2635           6 :     *s = '\0';
    2636             :     // It is possible that a really odd input (like lots of leading
    2637             :     // zeros) could be truncated in copying into work.  But...
    2638           6 :     s = work;
    2639           6 :     int sign = *s;
    2640             : 
    2641           6 :     if (sign == '+' || sign == '-')
    2642           0 :         s++;
    2643             :     else
    2644           6 :         sign = '+';
    2645             : 
    2646           6 :     int nl = 0;
    2647           6 :     double v = 0.0;
    2648          24 :     for (; nl < 3; nl = n + 1)
    2649             :     {
    2650          18 :         if (!(isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*s)) || *s == '.'))
    2651           0 :             break;
    2652          18 :         const double tv = proj_strtod(s, &s);
    2653          18 :         if (tv == HUGE_VAL)
    2654           0 :             return tv;
    2655          18 :         switch (*s)
    2656             :         {
    2657           6 :             case 'D':
    2658             :             case 'd':
    2659           6 :                 n = 0;
    2660           6 :                 break;
    2661           6 :             case '\'':
    2662           6 :                 n = 1;
    2663           6 :                 break;
    2664           6 :             case '"':
    2665           6 :                 n = 2;
    2666           6 :                 break;
    2667           0 :             case 'r':
    2668             :             case 'R':
    2669           0 :                 if (nl)
    2670             :                 {
    2671           0 :                     return 0.0;
    2672             :                 }
    2673           0 :                 ++s;
    2674           0 :                 v = tv;
    2675           0 :                 goto skip;
    2676           0 :             default:
    2677           0 :                 v += tv * vm[nl];
    2678           0 :             skip:
    2679           0 :                 n = 4;
    2680           0 :                 continue;
    2681             :         }
    2682          18 :         if (n < nl)
    2683             :         {
    2684           0 :             return 0.0;
    2685             :         }
    2686          18 :         v += tv * vm[n];
    2687          18 :         ++s;
    2688             :     }
    2689             :     // Postfix sign.
    2690           6 :     if (*s && ((p = strchr(sym, *s))) != nullptr)
    2691             :     {
    2692           0 :         sign = (p - sym) >= 4 ? '-' : '+';
    2693           0 :         ++s;
    2694             :     }
    2695           6 :     if (sign == '-')
    2696           0 :         v = -v;
    2697             : 
    2698           6 :     return v;
    2699             : }
    2700             : 
    2701             : /************************************************************************/
    2702             : /*                            CPLDecToDMS()                             */
    2703             : /************************************************************************/
    2704             : 
    2705             : /** Translate a decimal degrees value to a DMS string with hemisphere. */
    2706             : 
    2707         620 : const char *CPLDecToDMS(double dfAngle, const char *pszAxis, int nPrecision)
    2708             : 
    2709             : {
    2710         620 :     VALIDATE_POINTER1(pszAxis, "CPLDecToDMS", "");
    2711             : 
    2712         620 :     if (std::isnan(dfAngle))
    2713           0 :         return "Invalid angle";
    2714             : 
    2715         620 :     const double dfEpsilon = (0.5 / 3600.0) * pow(0.1, nPrecision);
    2716         620 :     const double dfABSAngle = std::abs(dfAngle) + dfEpsilon;
    2717         620 :     if (dfABSAngle > 361.0)
    2718             :     {
    2719           0 :         return "Invalid angle";
    2720             :     }
    2721             : 
    2722         620 :     const int nDegrees = static_cast<int>(dfABSAngle);
    2723         620 :     const int nMinutes = static_cast<int>((dfABSAngle - nDegrees) * 60);
    2724         620 :     double dfSeconds = dfABSAngle * 3600 - nDegrees * 3600 - nMinutes * 60;
    2725             : 
    2726         620 :     if (dfSeconds > dfEpsilon * 3600.0)
    2727         614 :         dfSeconds -= dfEpsilon * 3600.0;
    2728             : 
    2729         620 :     const char *pszHemisphere = nullptr;
    2730         620 :     if (EQUAL(pszAxis, "Long") && dfAngle < 0.0)
    2731         273 :         pszHemisphere = "W";
    2732         347 :     else if (EQUAL(pszAxis, "Long"))
    2733          37 :         pszHemisphere = "E";
    2734         310 :     else if (dfAngle < 0.0)
    2735          22 :         pszHemisphere = "S";
    2736             :     else
    2737         288 :         pszHemisphere = "N";
    2738             : 
    2739         620 :     char szFormat[30] = {};
    2740         620 :     CPLsnprintf(szFormat, sizeof(szFormat), "%%3dd%%2d\'%%%d.%df\"%s",
    2741             :                 nPrecision + 3, nPrecision, pszHemisphere);
    2742             : 
    2743             :     static CPL_THREADLOCAL char szBuffer[50] = {};
    2744         620 :     CPLsnprintf(szBuffer, sizeof(szBuffer), szFormat, nDegrees, nMinutes,
    2745             :                 dfSeconds);
    2746             : 
    2747         620 :     return szBuffer;
    2748             : }
    2749             : 
    2750             : /************************************************************************/
    2751             : /*                         CPLPackedDMSToDec()                          */
    2752             : /************************************************************************/
    2753             : 
    2754             : /**
    2755             :  * Convert a packed DMS value (DDDMMMSSS.SS) into decimal degrees.
    2756             :  *
    2757             :  * This function converts a packed DMS angle to seconds. The standard
    2758             :  * packed DMS format is:
    2759             :  *
    2760             :  *  degrees * 1000000 + minutes * 1000 + seconds
    2761             :  *
    2762             :  * Example:     angle = 120025045.25 yields
    2763             :  *              deg = 120
    2764             :  *              min = 25
    2765             :  *              sec = 45.25
    2766             :  *
    2767             :  * The algorithm used for the conversion is as follows:
    2768             :  *
    2769             :  * 1.  The absolute value of the angle is used.
    2770             :  *
    2771             :  * 2.  The degrees are separated out:
    2772             :  *     deg = angle/1000000                    (fractional portion truncated)
    2773             :  *
    2774             :  * 3.  The minutes are separated out:
    2775             :  *     min = (angle - deg * 1000000) / 1000   (fractional portion truncated)
    2776             :  *
    2777             :  * 4.  The seconds are then computed:
    2778             :  *     sec = angle - deg * 1000000 - min * 1000
    2779             :  *
    2780             :  * 5.  The total angle in seconds is computed:
    2781             :  *     sec = deg * 3600.0 + min * 60.0 + sec
    2782             :  *
    2783             :  * 6.  The sign of sec is set to that of the input angle.
    2784             :  *
    2785             :  * Packed DMS values used by the USGS GCTP package and probably by other
    2786             :  * software.
    2787             :  *
    2788             :  * NOTE: This code does not validate input value. If you give the wrong
    2789             :  * value, you will get the wrong result.
    2790             :  *
    2791             :  * @param dfPacked Angle in packed DMS format.
    2792             :  *
    2793             :  * @return Angle in decimal degrees.
    2794             :  *
    2795             :  */
    2796             : 
    2797          36 : double CPLPackedDMSToDec(double dfPacked)
    2798             : {
    2799          36 :     const double dfSign = dfPacked < 0.0 ? -1 : 1;
    2800             : 
    2801          36 :     double dfSeconds = std::abs(dfPacked);
    2802          36 :     double dfDegrees = floor(dfSeconds / 1000000.0);
    2803          36 :     dfSeconds -= dfDegrees * 1000000.0;
    2804          36 :     const double dfMinutes = floor(dfSeconds / 1000.0);
    2805          36 :     dfSeconds -= dfMinutes * 1000.0;
    2806          36 :     dfSeconds = dfSign * (dfDegrees * 3600.0 + dfMinutes * 60.0 + dfSeconds);
    2807          36 :     dfDegrees = dfSeconds / 3600.0;
    2808             : 
    2809          36 :     return dfDegrees;
    2810             : }
    2811             : 
    2812             : /************************************************************************/
    2813             : /*                         CPLDecToPackedDMS()                          */
    2814             : /************************************************************************/
    2815             : /**
    2816             :  * Convert decimal degrees into packed DMS value (DDDMMMSSS.SS).
    2817             :  *
    2818             :  * This function converts a value, specified in decimal degrees into
    2819             :  * packed DMS angle. The standard packed DMS format is:
    2820             :  *
    2821             :  *  degrees * 1000000 + minutes * 1000 + seconds
    2822             :  *
    2823             :  * See also CPLPackedDMSToDec().
    2824             :  *
    2825             :  * @param dfDec Angle in decimal degrees.
    2826             :  *
    2827             :  * @return Angle in packed DMS format.
    2828             :  *
    2829             :  */
    2830             : 
    2831           8 : double CPLDecToPackedDMS(double dfDec)
    2832             : {
    2833           8 :     const double dfSign = dfDec < 0.0 ? -1 : 1;
    2834             : 
    2835           8 :     dfDec = std::abs(dfDec);
    2836           8 :     const double dfDegrees = floor(dfDec);
    2837           8 :     const double dfMinutes = floor((dfDec - dfDegrees) * 60.0);
    2838           8 :     const double dfSeconds = (dfDec - dfDegrees) * 3600.0 - dfMinutes * 60.0;
    2839             : 
    2840           8 :     return dfSign * (dfDegrees * 1000000.0 + dfMinutes * 1000.0 + dfSeconds);
    2841             : }
    2842             : 
    2843             : /************************************************************************/
    2844             : /*                         CPLStringToComplex()                         */
    2845             : /************************************************************************/
    2846             : 
    2847             : /** Fetch the real and imaginary part of a serialized complex number */
    2848        4695 : CPLErr CPL_DLL CPLStringToComplex(const char *pszString, double *pdfReal,
    2849             :                                   double *pdfImag)
    2850             : 
    2851             : {
    2852        4695 :     while (*pszString == ' ')
    2853           1 :         pszString++;
    2854             : 
    2855             :     char *end;
    2856        4694 :     *pdfReal = CPLStrtod(pszString, &end);
    2857             : 
    2858        4694 :     int iPlus = -1;
    2859        4694 :     int iImagEnd = -1;
    2860             : 
    2861        4694 :     if (pszString == end)
    2862             :     {
    2863           5 :         goto error;
    2864             :     }
    2865             : 
    2866        4689 :     *pdfImag = 0.0;
    2867             : 
    2868        4743 :     for (int i = static_cast<int>(end - pszString);
    2869        4743 :          i < 100 && pszString[i] != '\0' && pszString[i] != ' '; i++)
    2870             :     {
    2871          56 :         if (pszString[i] == '+')
    2872             :         {
    2873           8 :             if (iPlus != -1)
    2874           0 :                 goto error;
    2875           8 :             iPlus = i;
    2876             :         }
    2877          56 :         if (pszString[i] == '-')
    2878             :         {
    2879           2 :             if (iPlus != -1)
    2880           1 :                 goto error;
    2881           1 :             iPlus = i;
    2882             :         }
    2883          55 :         if (pszString[i] == 'i')
    2884             :         {
    2885           9 :             if (iPlus == -1)
    2886           1 :                 goto error;
    2887           8 :             iImagEnd = i;
    2888             :         }
    2889             :     }
    2890             : 
    2891             :     // If we have a "+" or "-" we must also have an "i"
    2892        4687 :     if ((iPlus == -1) != (iImagEnd == -1))
    2893             :     {
    2894           1 :         goto error;
    2895             :     }
    2896             : 
    2897             :     // Parse imaginary component, if any
    2898        4686 :     if (iPlus > -1)
    2899             :     {
    2900           7 :         *pdfImag = CPLStrtod(pszString + iPlus, &end);
    2901             :     }
    2902             : 
    2903             :     // Check everything remaining is whitespace
    2904        4691 :     for (; *end != '\0'; end++)
    2905             :     {
    2906          11 :         if (!isspace(*end) && end - pszString != iImagEnd)
    2907             :         {
    2908           6 :             goto error;
    2909             :         }
    2910             :     }
    2911             : 
    2912        4680 :     return CE_None;
    2913             : 
    2914          14 : error:
    2915          14 :     CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Failed to parse number: %s",
    2916             :              pszString);
    2917          14 :     return CE_Failure;
    2918             : }
    2919             : 
    2920             : /************************************************************************/
    2921             : /*                           CPLOpenShared()                            */
    2922             : /************************************************************************/
    2923             : 
    2924             : /**
    2925             :  * Open a shared file handle.
    2926             :  *
    2927             :  * Some operating systems have limits on the number of file handles that can
    2928             :  * be open at one time.  This function attempts to maintain a registry of
    2929             :  * already open file handles, and reuse existing ones if the same file
    2930             :  * is requested by another part of the application.
    2931             :  *
    2932             :  * Note that access is only shared for access types "r", "rb", "r+" and
    2933             :  * "rb+".  All others will just result in direct VSIOpen() calls.  Keep in
    2934             :  * mind that a file is only reused if the file name is exactly the same.
    2935             :  * Different names referring to the same file will result in different
    2936             :  * handles.
    2937             :  *
    2938             :  * The VSIFOpen() or VSIFOpenL() function is used to actually open the file,
    2939             :  * when an existing file handle can't be shared.
    2940             :  *
    2941             :  * @param pszFilename the name of the file to open.
    2942             :  * @param pszAccess the normal fopen()/VSIFOpen() style access string.
    2943             :  * @param bLargeIn If TRUE VSIFOpenL() (for large files) will be used instead of
    2944             :  * VSIFOpen().
    2945             :  *
    2946             :  * @return a file handle or NULL if opening fails.
    2947             :  */
    2948             : 
    2949          39 : FILE *CPLOpenShared(const char *pszFilename, const char *pszAccess,
    2950             :                     int bLargeIn)
    2951             : 
    2952             : {
    2953          39 :     const bool bLarge = CPL_TO_BOOL(bLargeIn);
    2954          78 :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hSharedFileMutex);
    2955          39 :     const GIntBig nPID = CPLGetPID();
    2956             : 
    2957             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2958             :     /*      Is there an existing file we can use?                           */
    2959             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2960          39 :     const bool bReuse = EQUAL(pszAccess, "rb") || EQUAL(pszAccess, "rb+");
    2961             : 
    2962          43 :     for (int i = 0; bReuse && i < nSharedFileCount; i++)
    2963             :     {
    2964          20 :         if (strcmp(pasSharedFileList[i].pszFilename, pszFilename) == 0 &&
    2965           4 :             !bLarge == !pasSharedFileList[i].bLarge &&
    2966          16 :             EQUAL(pasSharedFileList[i].pszAccess, pszAccess) &&
    2967           4 :             nPID == pasSharedFileListExtra[i].nPID)
    2968             :         {
    2969           4 :             pasSharedFileList[i].nRefCount++;
    2970           4 :             return pasSharedFileList[i].fp;
    2971             :         }
    2972             :     }
    2973             : 
    2974             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2975             :     /*      Open the file.                                                  */
    2976             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2977             :     FILE *fp = bLarge
    2978          35 :                    ? reinterpret_cast<FILE *>(VSIFOpenL(pszFilename, pszAccess))
    2979           0 :                    : VSIFOpen(pszFilename, pszAccess);
    2980             : 
    2981          35 :     if (fp == nullptr)
    2982           9 :         return nullptr;
    2983             : 
    2984             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2985             :     /*      Add an entry to the list.                                       */
    2986             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    2987          26 :     nSharedFileCount++;
    2988             : 
    2989          26 :     pasSharedFileList = static_cast<CPLSharedFileInfo *>(
    2990          52 :         CPLRealloc(const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfo *>(pasSharedFileList),
    2991          26 :                    sizeof(CPLSharedFileInfo) * nSharedFileCount));
    2992          26 :     pasSharedFileListExtra = static_cast<CPLSharedFileInfoExtra *>(
    2993          52 :         CPLRealloc(const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfoExtra *>(pasSharedFileListExtra),
    2994          26 :                    sizeof(CPLSharedFileInfoExtra) * nSharedFileCount));
    2995             : 
    2996          26 :     pasSharedFileList[nSharedFileCount - 1].fp = fp;
    2997          26 :     pasSharedFileList[nSharedFileCount - 1].nRefCount = 1;
    2998          26 :     pasSharedFileList[nSharedFileCount - 1].bLarge = bLarge;
    2999          52 :     pasSharedFileList[nSharedFileCount - 1].pszFilename =
    3000          26 :         CPLStrdup(pszFilename);
    3001          26 :     pasSharedFileList[nSharedFileCount - 1].pszAccess = CPLStrdup(pszAccess);
    3002          26 :     pasSharedFileListExtra[nSharedFileCount - 1].nPID = nPID;
    3003             : 
    3004          26 :     return fp;
    3005             : }
    3006             : 
    3007             : /************************************************************************/
    3008             : /*                           CPLCloseShared()                           */
    3009             : /************************************************************************/
    3010             : 
    3011             : /**
    3012             :  * Close shared file.
    3013             :  *
    3014             :  * Dereferences the indicated file handle, and closes it if the reference
    3015             :  * count has dropped to zero.  A CPLError() is issued if the file is not
    3016             :  * in the shared file list.
    3017             :  *
    3018             :  * @param fp file handle from CPLOpenShared() to deaccess.
    3019             :  */
    3020             : 
    3021          30 : void CPLCloseShared(FILE *fp)
    3022             : 
    3023             : {
    3024          30 :     CPLMutexHolderD(&hSharedFileMutex);
    3025             : 
    3026             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3027             :     /*      Search for matching information.                                */
    3028             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3029          30 :     int i = 0;
    3030          32 :     for (; i < nSharedFileCount && fp != pasSharedFileList[i].fp; i++)
    3031             :     {
    3032             :     }
    3033             : 
    3034          30 :     if (i == nSharedFileCount)
    3035             :     {
    3036           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3037             :                  "Unable to find file handle %p in CPLCloseShared().", fp);
    3038           0 :         return;
    3039             :     }
    3040             : 
    3041             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3042             :     /*      Dereference and return if there are still some references.      */
    3043             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3044          30 :     if (--pasSharedFileList[i].nRefCount > 0)
    3045           4 :         return;
    3046             : 
    3047             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3048             :     /*      Close the file, and remove the information.                     */
    3049             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3050          26 :     if (pasSharedFileList[i].bLarge)
    3051             :     {
    3052          26 :         if (VSIFCloseL(reinterpret_cast<VSILFILE *>(pasSharedFileList[i].fp)) !=
    3053             :             0)
    3054             :         {
    3055           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Error while closing %s",
    3056           0 :                      pasSharedFileList[i].pszFilename);
    3057             :         }
    3058             :     }
    3059             :     else
    3060             :     {
    3061           0 :         VSIFClose(pasSharedFileList[i].fp);
    3062             :     }
    3063             : 
    3064          26 :     CPLFree(pasSharedFileList[i].pszFilename);
    3065          26 :     CPLFree(pasSharedFileList[i].pszAccess);
    3066             : 
    3067          26 :     nSharedFileCount--;
    3068          26 :     memmove(
    3069          26 :         const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfo *>(pasSharedFileList + i),
    3070          26 :         const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfo *>(pasSharedFileList + nSharedFileCount),
    3071             :         sizeof(CPLSharedFileInfo));
    3072          26 :     memmove(const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfoExtra *>(pasSharedFileListExtra + i),
    3073          26 :             const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfoExtra *>(pasSharedFileListExtra +
    3074          26 :                                                  nSharedFileCount),
    3075             :             sizeof(CPLSharedFileInfoExtra));
    3076             : 
    3077          26 :     if (nSharedFileCount == 0)
    3078             :     {
    3079          23 :         CPLFree(const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfo *>(pasSharedFileList));
    3080          23 :         pasSharedFileList = nullptr;
    3081          23 :         CPLFree(const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfoExtra *>(pasSharedFileListExtra));
    3082          23 :         pasSharedFileListExtra = nullptr;
    3083             :     }
    3084             : }
    3085             : 
    3086             : /************************************************************************/
    3087             : /*                     CPLCleanupSharedFileMutex()                      */
    3088             : /************************************************************************/
    3089             : 
    3090        1131 : void CPLCleanupSharedFileMutex()
    3091             : {
    3092        1131 :     if (hSharedFileMutex != nullptr)
    3093             :     {
    3094           0 :         CPLDestroyMutex(hSharedFileMutex);
    3095           0 :         hSharedFileMutex = nullptr;
    3096             :     }
    3097        1131 : }
    3098             : 
    3099             : /************************************************************************/
    3100             : /*                          CPLGetSharedList()                          */
    3101             : /************************************************************************/
    3102             : 
    3103             : /**
    3104             :  * Fetch list of open shared files.
    3105             :  *
    3106             :  * @param pnCount place to put the count of entries.
    3107             :  *
    3108             :  * @return the pointer to the first in the array of shared file info
    3109             :  * structures.
    3110             :  */
    3111             : 
    3112           0 : CPLSharedFileInfo *CPLGetSharedList(int *pnCount)
    3113             : 
    3114             : {
    3115           0 :     if (pnCount != nullptr)
    3116           0 :         *pnCount = nSharedFileCount;
    3117             : 
    3118           0 :     return const_cast<CPLSharedFileInfo *>(pasSharedFileList);
    3119             : }
    3120             : 
    3121             : /************************************************************************/
    3122             : /*                         CPLDumpSharedList()                          */
    3123             : /************************************************************************/
    3124             : 
    3125             : /**
    3126             :  * Report open shared files.
    3127             :  *
    3128             :  * Dumps all open shared files to the indicated file handle.  If the
    3129             :  * file handle is NULL information is sent via the CPLDebug() call.
    3130             :  *
    3131             :  * @param fp File handle to write to.
    3132             :  */
    3133             : 
    3134         103 : void CPLDumpSharedList(FILE *fp)
    3135             : 
    3136             : {
    3137         103 :     if (nSharedFileCount > 0)
    3138             :     {
    3139           0 :         if (fp == nullptr)
    3140           0 :             CPLDebug("CPL", "%d Shared files open.", nSharedFileCount);
    3141             :         else
    3142           0 :             fprintf(fp, "%d Shared files open.", nSharedFileCount);
    3143             :     }
    3144             : 
    3145         103 :     for (int i = 0; i < nSharedFileCount; i++)
    3146             :     {
    3147           0 :         if (fp == nullptr)
    3148           0 :             CPLDebug("CPL", "%2d %d %4s %s", pasSharedFileList[i].nRefCount,
    3149           0 :                      pasSharedFileList[i].bLarge,
    3150           0 :                      pasSharedFileList[i].pszAccess,
    3151           0 :                      pasSharedFileList[i].pszFilename);
    3152             :         else
    3153           0 :             fprintf(fp, "%2d %d %4s %s", pasSharedFileList[i].nRefCount,
    3154           0 :                     pasSharedFileList[i].bLarge, pasSharedFileList[i].pszAccess,
    3155           0 :                     pasSharedFileList[i].pszFilename);
    3156             :     }
    3157         103 : }
    3158             : 
    3159             : /************************************************************************/
    3160             : /*                           CPLUnlinkTree()                            */
    3161             : /************************************************************************/
    3162             : 
    3163             : /** Recursively unlink a directory.
    3164             :  *
    3165             :  * @return 0 on successful completion, -1 if function fails.
    3166             :  */
    3167             : 
    3168          53 : int CPLUnlinkTree(const char *pszPath)
    3169             : 
    3170             : {
    3171             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3172             :     /*      First, ensure there is such a file.                             */
    3173             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3174             :     VSIStatBufL sStatBuf;
    3175             : 
    3176          53 :     if (VSIStatL(pszPath, &sStatBuf) != 0)
    3177             :     {
    3178           2 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3179             :                  "It seems no file system object called '%s' exists.", pszPath);
    3180             : 
    3181           2 :         return -1;
    3182             :     }
    3183             : 
    3184             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3185             :     /*      If it is a simple file, just delete it.                         */
    3186             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3187          51 :     if (VSI_ISREG(sStatBuf.st_mode))
    3188             :     {
    3189          35 :         if (VSIUnlink(pszPath) != 0)
    3190             :         {
    3191           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Failed to unlink %s.",
    3192             :                      pszPath);
    3193             : 
    3194           0 :             return -1;
    3195             :         }
    3196             : 
    3197          35 :         return 0;
    3198             :     }
    3199             : 
    3200             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3201             :     /*      If it is a directory recurse then unlink the directory.         */
    3202             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3203          16 :     else if (VSI_ISDIR(sStatBuf.st_mode))
    3204             :     {
    3205          16 :         char **papszItems = VSIReadDir(pszPath);
    3206             : 
    3207          32 :         for (int i = 0; papszItems != nullptr && papszItems[i] != nullptr; i++)
    3208             :         {
    3209          16 :             if (papszItems[i][0] == '\0' || EQUAL(papszItems[i], ".") ||
    3210          16 :                 EQUAL(papszItems[i], ".."))
    3211           0 :                 continue;
    3212             : 
    3213             :             const std::string osSubPath =
    3214          16 :                 CPLFormFilenameSafe(pszPath, papszItems[i], nullptr);
    3215             : 
    3216          16 :             const int nErr = CPLUnlinkTree(osSubPath.c_str());
    3217             : 
    3218          16 :             if (nErr != 0)
    3219             :             {
    3220           0 :                 CSLDestroy(papszItems);
    3221           0 :                 return nErr;
    3222             :             }
    3223             :         }
    3224             : 
    3225          16 :         CSLDestroy(papszItems);
    3226             : 
    3227          16 :         if (VSIRmdir(pszPath) != 0)
    3228             :         {
    3229           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Failed to unlink %s.",
    3230             :                      pszPath);
    3231             : 
    3232           0 :             return -1;
    3233             :         }
    3234             : 
    3235          16 :         return 0;
    3236             :     }
    3237             : 
    3238             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3239             :     /*      otherwise report an error.                                      */
    3240             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3241           0 :     CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3242             :              "Failed to unlink %s.\nUnrecognised filesystem object.", pszPath);
    3243           0 :     return 1000;
    3244             : }
    3245             : 
    3246             : /************************************************************************/
    3247             : /*                            CPLCopyFile()                             */
    3248             : /************************************************************************/
    3249             : 
    3250             : /** Copy a file */
    3251        2266 : int CPLCopyFile(const char *pszNewPath, const char *pszOldPath)
    3252             : 
    3253             : {
    3254        2266 :     return VSICopyFile(pszOldPath, pszNewPath, nullptr,
    3255             :                        static_cast<vsi_l_offset>(-1), nullptr, nullptr,
    3256        2266 :                        nullptr);
    3257             : }
    3258             : 
    3259             : /************************************************************************/
    3260             : /*                            CPLCopyTree()                             */
    3261             : /************************************************************************/
    3262             : 
    3263             : /** Recursively copy a tree */
    3264           4 : int CPLCopyTree(const char *pszNewPath, const char *pszOldPath)
    3265             : 
    3266             : {
    3267             :     VSIStatBufL sStatBuf;
    3268           4 :     if (VSIStatL(pszNewPath, &sStatBuf) == 0)
    3269             :     {
    3270           1 :         CPLError(
    3271             :             CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3272             :             "It seems that a file system object called '%s' already exists.",
    3273             :             pszNewPath);
    3274             : 
    3275           1 :         return -1;
    3276             :     }
    3277             : 
    3278           3 :     if (VSIStatL(pszOldPath, &sStatBuf) != 0)
    3279             :     {
    3280           1 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3281             :                  "It seems no file system object called '%s' exists.",
    3282             :                  pszOldPath);
    3283             : 
    3284           1 :         return -1;
    3285             :     }
    3286             : 
    3287           2 :     if (VSI_ISDIR(sStatBuf.st_mode))
    3288             :     {
    3289           1 :         if (VSIMkdir(pszNewPath, 0755) != 0)
    3290             :         {
    3291           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3292             :                      "Cannot create directory '%s'.", pszNewPath);
    3293             : 
    3294           0 :             return -1;
    3295             :         }
    3296             : 
    3297           1 :         char **papszItems = VSIReadDir(pszOldPath);
    3298             : 
    3299           4 :         for (int i = 0; papszItems != nullptr && papszItems[i] != nullptr; i++)
    3300             :         {
    3301           3 :             if (EQUAL(papszItems[i], ".") || EQUAL(papszItems[i], ".."))
    3302           2 :                 continue;
    3303             : 
    3304             :             const std::string osNewSubPath =
    3305           1 :                 CPLFormFilenameSafe(pszNewPath, papszItems[i], nullptr);
    3306             :             const std::string osOldSubPath =
    3307           1 :                 CPLFormFilenameSafe(pszOldPath, papszItems[i], nullptr);
    3308             : 
    3309             :             const int nErr =
    3310           1 :                 CPLCopyTree(osNewSubPath.c_str(), osOldSubPath.c_str());
    3311             : 
    3312           1 :             if (nErr != 0)
    3313             :             {
    3314           0 :                 CSLDestroy(papszItems);
    3315           0 :                 return nErr;
    3316             :             }
    3317             :         }
    3318           1 :         CSLDestroy(papszItems);
    3319             : 
    3320           1 :         return 0;
    3321             :     }
    3322           1 :     else if (VSI_ISREG(sStatBuf.st_mode))
    3323             :     {
    3324           1 :         return CPLCopyFile(pszNewPath, pszOldPath);
    3325             :     }
    3326             :     else
    3327             :     {
    3328           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3329             :                  "Unrecognized filesystem object : '%s'.", pszOldPath);
    3330           0 :         return -1;
    3331             :     }
    3332             : }
    3333             : 
    3334             : /************************************************************************/
    3335             : /*                            CPLMoveFile()                             */
    3336             : /************************************************************************/
    3337             : 
    3338             : /** Move a file */
    3339         190 : int CPLMoveFile(const char *pszNewPath, const char *pszOldPath)
    3340             : 
    3341             : {
    3342         190 :     if (VSIRename(pszOldPath, pszNewPath) == 0)
    3343         187 :         return 0;
    3344             : 
    3345           3 :     const int nRet = CPLCopyFile(pszNewPath, pszOldPath);
    3346             : 
    3347           3 :     if (nRet == 0)
    3348             :     {
    3349           3 :         if (VSIUnlink(pszOldPath) != 0)
    3350             :         {
    3351           0 :             CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined, "Cannot delete '%s'",
    3352             :                      pszOldPath);
    3353             :         }
    3354             :     }
    3355           3 :     return nRet;
    3356             : }
    3357             : 
    3358             : /************************************************************************/
    3359             : /*                             CPLSymlink()                             */
    3360             : /************************************************************************/
    3361             : 
    3362             : /** Create a symbolic link */
    3363             : #ifdef _WIN32
    3364             : int CPLSymlink(const char *, const char *, CSLConstList)
    3365             : {
    3366             :     return -1;
    3367             : }
    3368             : #else
    3369           0 : int CPLSymlink(const char *pszOldPath, const char *pszNewPath,
    3370             :                CSLConstList /* papszOptions */)
    3371             : {
    3372           0 :     return symlink(pszOldPath, pszNewPath);
    3373             : }
    3374             : #endif
    3375             : 
    3376             : /************************************************************************/
    3377             : /* ==================================================================== */
    3378             : /*                              CPLLocaleC                              */
    3379             : /* ==================================================================== */
    3380             : /************************************************************************/
    3381             : 
    3382             : //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
    3383             : /************************************************************************/
    3384             : /*                             CPLLocaleC()                             */
    3385             : /************************************************************************/
    3386             : 
    3387         131 : CPLLocaleC::CPLLocaleC() : pszOldLocale(nullptr)
    3388             : {
    3389         131 :     if (CPLTestBool(CPLGetConfigOption("GDAL_DISABLE_CPLLOCALEC", "NO")))
    3390           0 :         return;
    3391             : 
    3392         131 :     pszOldLocale = CPLStrdup(CPLsetlocale(LC_NUMERIC, nullptr));
    3393         131 :     if (EQUAL(pszOldLocale, "C") || EQUAL(pszOldLocale, "POSIX") ||
    3394           0 :         CPLsetlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C") == nullptr)
    3395             :     {
    3396         131 :         CPLFree(pszOldLocale);
    3397         131 :         pszOldLocale = nullptr;
    3398             :     }
    3399             : }
    3400             : 
    3401             : /************************************************************************/
    3402             : /*                            ~CPLLocaleC()                             */
    3403             : /************************************************************************/
    3404             : 
    3405           0 : CPLLocaleC::~CPLLocaleC()
    3406             : 
    3407             : {
    3408         131 :     if (pszOldLocale == nullptr)
    3409         131 :         return;
    3410             : 
    3411           0 :     CPLsetlocale(LC_NUMERIC, pszOldLocale);
    3412           0 :     CPLFree(pszOldLocale);
    3413         131 : }
    3414             : 
    3415             : /************************************************************************/
    3416             : /*                       CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate                        */
    3417             : /************************************************************************/
    3418             : 
    3419             : #ifdef HAVE_USELOCALE
    3420             : 
    3421             : class CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate
    3422             : {
    3423             :     locale_t nNewLocale;
    3424             :     locale_t nOldLocale;
    3425             : 
    3426             :     CPL_DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN(CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate)
    3427             : 
    3428             :   public:
    3429             :     CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate();
    3430             :     ~CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate();
    3431             : };
    3432             : 
    3433           0 : CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate::CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate()
    3434           0 :     : nNewLocale(newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", nullptr)),
    3435           0 :       nOldLocale(uselocale(nNewLocale))
    3436             : {
    3437           0 : }
    3438             : 
    3439           0 : CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate::~CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate()
    3440             : {
    3441           0 :     uselocale(nOldLocale);
    3442           0 :     freelocale(nNewLocale);
    3443           0 : }
    3444             : 
    3445             : #elif defined(_MSC_VER)
    3446             : 
    3447             : class CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate
    3448             : {
    3449             :     int nOldValConfigThreadLocale;
    3450             :     char *pszOldLocale;
    3451             : 
    3452             :     CPL_DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN(CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate)
    3453             : 
    3454             :   public:
    3455             :     CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate();
    3456             :     ~CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate();
    3457             : };
    3458             : 
    3459             : CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate::CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate()
    3460             : {
    3461             :     nOldValConfigThreadLocale = _configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE);
    3462             :     pszOldLocale = setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
    3463             :     if (pszOldLocale)
    3464             :         pszOldLocale = CPLStrdup(pszOldLocale);
    3465             : }
    3466             : 
    3467             : CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate::~CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate()
    3468             : {
    3469             :     if (pszOldLocale != nullptr)
    3470             :     {
    3471             :         setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, pszOldLocale);
    3472             :         CPLFree(pszOldLocale);
    3473             :     }
    3474             :     _configthreadlocale(nOldValConfigThreadLocale);
    3475             : }
    3476             : 
    3477             : #else
    3478             : 
    3479             : class CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate
    3480             : {
    3481             :     char *pszOldLocale;
    3482             : 
    3483             :     CPL_DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN(CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate)
    3484             : 
    3485             :   public:
    3486             :     CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate();
    3487             :     ~CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate();
    3488             : };
    3489             : 
    3490             : CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate::CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate()
    3491             :     : pszOldLocale(CPLStrdup(CPLsetlocale(LC_NUMERIC, nullptr)))
    3492             : {
    3493             :     if (EQUAL(pszOldLocale, "C") || EQUAL(pszOldLocale, "POSIX") ||
    3494             :         CPLsetlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "C") == nullptr)
    3495             :     {
    3496             :         CPLFree(pszOldLocale);
    3497             :         pszOldLocale = nullptr;
    3498             :     }
    3499             : }
    3500             : 
    3501             : CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate::~CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate()
    3502             : {
    3503             :     if (pszOldLocale != nullptr)
    3504             :     {
    3505             :         CPLsetlocale(LC_NUMERIC, pszOldLocale);
    3506             :         CPLFree(pszOldLocale);
    3507             :     }
    3508             : }
    3509             : 
    3510             : #endif
    3511             : 
    3512             : /************************************************************************/
    3513             : /*                          CPLThreadLocaleC()                          */
    3514             : /************************************************************************/
    3515             : 
    3516           0 : CPLThreadLocaleC::CPLThreadLocaleC() : m_private(new CPLThreadLocaleCPrivate)
    3517             : {
    3518           0 : }
    3519             : 
    3520             : /************************************************************************/
    3521             : /*                         ~CPLThreadLocaleC()                          */
    3522             : /************************************************************************/
    3523             : 
    3524           0 : CPLThreadLocaleC::~CPLThreadLocaleC()
    3525             : 
    3526             : {
    3527           0 :     delete m_private;
    3528           0 : }
    3529             : 
    3530             : //! @endcond
    3531             : 
    3532             : /************************************************************************/
    3533             : /*                            CPLsetlocale()                            */
    3534             : /************************************************************************/
    3535             : 
    3536             : /**
    3537             :  * Prevents parallel executions of setlocale().
    3538             :  *
    3539             :  * Calling setlocale() concurrently from two or more threads is a
    3540             :  * potential data race. A mutex is used to provide a critical region so
    3541             :  * that only one thread at a time can be executing setlocale().
    3542             :  *
    3543             :  * The return should not be freed, and copied quickly as it may be invalidated
    3544             :  * by a following next call to CPLsetlocale().
    3545             :  *
    3546             :  * @param category See your compiler's documentation on setlocale.
    3547             :  * @param locale See your compiler's documentation on setlocale.
    3548             :  *
    3549             :  * @return See your compiler's documentation on setlocale.
    3550             :  */
    3551         133 : char *CPLsetlocale(int category, const char *locale)
    3552             : {
    3553         266 :     CPLMutexHolder oHolder(&hSetLocaleMutex);
    3554         133 :     char *pszRet = setlocale(category, locale);
    3555         133 :     if (pszRet == nullptr)
    3556           0 :         return pszRet;
    3557             : 
    3558             :     // Make it thread-locale storage.
    3559         133 :     return const_cast<char *>(CPLSPrintf("%s", pszRet));
    3560             : }
    3561             : 
    3562             : /************************************************************************/
    3563             : /*                      CPLCleanupSetlocaleMutex()                      */
    3564             : /************************************************************************/
    3565             : 
    3566        1131 : void CPLCleanupSetlocaleMutex(void)
    3567             : {
    3568        1131 :     if (hSetLocaleMutex != nullptr)
    3569           5 :         CPLDestroyMutex(hSetLocaleMutex);
    3570        1131 :     hSetLocaleMutex = nullptr;
    3571        1131 : }
    3572             : 
    3573             : /************************************************************************/
    3574             : /*                            IsPowerOfTwo()                            */
    3575             : /************************************************************************/
    3576             : 
    3577         155 : int CPLIsPowerOfTwo(unsigned int i)
    3578             : {
    3579         155 :     if (i == 0)
    3580           0 :         return FALSE;
    3581         155 :     return (i & (i - 1)) == 0 ? TRUE : FALSE;
    3582             : }
    3583             : 
    3584             : /************************************************************************/
    3585             : /*                          CPLCheckForFile()                           */
    3586             : /************************************************************************/
    3587             : 
    3588             : /**
    3589             :  * Check for file existence.
    3590             :  *
    3591             :  * The function checks if a named file exists in the filesystem, hopefully
    3592             :  * in an efficient fashion if a sibling file list is available.   It exists
    3593             :  * primarily to do faster file checking for functions like GDAL open methods
    3594             :  * that get a list of files from the target directory.
    3595             :  *
    3596             :  * If the sibling file list exists (is not NULL) it is assumed to be a list
    3597             :  * of files in the same directory as the target file, and it will be checked
    3598             :  * (case insensitively) for a match.  If a match is found, pszFilename is
    3599             :  * updated with the correct case and TRUE is returned.
    3600             :  *
    3601             :  * If papszSiblingFiles is NULL, a VSIStatL() is used to test for the files
    3602             :  * existence, and no case insensitive testing is done.
    3603             :  *
    3604             :  * @param pszFilename name of file to check for - filename case updated in
    3605             :  * some cases.
    3606             :  * @param papszSiblingFiles a list of files in the same directory as
    3607             :  * pszFilename if available, or NULL. This list should have no path components.
    3608             :  *
    3609             :  * @return TRUE if a match is found, or FALSE if not.
    3610             :  */
    3611             : 
    3612      172575 : int CPLCheckForFile(char *pszFilename, CSLConstList papszSiblingFiles)
    3613             : 
    3614             : {
    3615             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3616             :     /*      Fallback case if we don't have a sibling file list.             */
    3617             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3618      172575 :     if (papszSiblingFiles == nullptr)
    3619             :     {
    3620             :         VSIStatBufL sStatBuf;
    3621             : 
    3622       11793 :         return VSIStatExL(pszFilename, &sStatBuf, VSI_STAT_EXISTS_FLAG) == 0;
    3623             :     }
    3624             : 
    3625             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3626             :     /*      We have sibling files, compare the non-path filename portion    */
    3627             :     /*      of pszFilename too all entries.                                 */
    3628             :     /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    3629      321563 :     const CPLString osFileOnly = CPLGetFilename(pszFilename);
    3630             : 
    3631    17215400 :     for (int i = 0; papszSiblingFiles[i] != nullptr; i++)
    3632             :     {
    3633    17054800 :         if (EQUAL(papszSiblingFiles[i], osFileOnly))
    3634             :         {
    3635         310 :             strcpy(pszFilename + strlen(pszFilename) - osFileOnly.size(),
    3636         155 :                    papszSiblingFiles[i]);
    3637         155 :             return TRUE;
    3638             :         }
    3639             :     }
    3640             : 
    3641      160626 :     return FALSE;
    3642             : }
    3643             : 
    3644             : /************************************************************************/
    3645             : /*      Stub implementation of zip services if we don't have libz.      */
    3646             : /************************************************************************/
    3647             : 
    3648             : #if !defined(HAVE_LIBZ)
    3649             : 
    3650             : void *CPLCreateZip(const char *, char **)
    3651             : 
    3652             : {
    3653             :     CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
    3654             :              "This GDAL/OGR build does not include zlib and zip services.");
    3655             :     return nullptr;
    3656             : }
    3657             : 
    3658             : CPLErr CPLCreateFileInZip(void *, const char *, char **)
    3659             : {
    3660             :     return CE_Failure;
    3661             : }
    3662             : 
    3663             : CPLErr CPLWriteFileInZip(void *, const void *, int)
    3664             : {
    3665             :     return CE_Failure;
    3666             : }
    3667             : 
    3668             : CPLErr CPLCloseFileInZip(void *)
    3669             : {
    3670             :     return CE_Failure;
    3671             : }
    3672             : 
    3673             : CPLErr CPLCloseZip(void *)
    3674             : {
    3675             :     return CE_Failure;
    3676             : }
    3677             : 
    3678             : void *CPLZLibDeflate(const void *, size_t, int, void *, size_t,
    3679             :                      size_t *pnOutBytes)
    3680             : {
    3681             :     if (pnOutBytes != nullptr)
    3682             :         *pnOutBytes = 0;
    3683             :     return nullptr;
    3684             : }
    3685             : 
    3686             : void *CPLZLibInflate(const void *, size_t, void *, size_t, size_t *pnOutBytes)
    3687             : {
    3688             :     if (pnOutBytes != nullptr)
    3689             :         *pnOutBytes = 0;
    3690             :     return nullptr;
    3691             : }
    3692             : 
    3693             : #endif /* !defined(HAVE_LIBZ) */
    3694             : 
    3695             : /************************************************************************/
    3696             : /* ==================================================================== */
    3697             : /*                          CPLConfigOptionSetter                       */
    3698             : /* ==================================================================== */
    3699             : /************************************************************************/
    3700             : 
    3701             : //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
    3702             : /************************************************************************/
    3703             : /*                       CPLConfigOptionSetter()                        */
    3704             : /************************************************************************/
    3705             : 
    3706       27042 : CPLConfigOptionSetter::CPLConfigOptionSetter(const char *pszKey,
    3707             :                                              const char *pszValue,
    3708       27042 :                                              bool bSetOnlyIfUndefined)
    3709       27042 :     : m_pszKey(CPLStrdup(pszKey)), m_pszOldValue(nullptr),
    3710       27033 :       m_bRestoreOldValue(false)
    3711             : {
    3712       27033 :     const char *pszOldValue = CPLGetThreadLocalConfigOption(pszKey, nullptr);
    3713       43397 :     if ((bSetOnlyIfUndefined &&
    3714       37728 :          CPLGetConfigOption(pszKey, nullptr) == nullptr) ||
    3715       10705 :         !bSetOnlyIfUndefined)
    3716             :     {
    3717       27039 :         m_bRestoreOldValue = true;
    3718       27039 :         if (pszOldValue)
    3719         665 :             m_pszOldValue = CPLStrdup(pszOldValue);
    3720       27039 :         CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption(pszKey,
    3721             :                                       pszValue ? pszValue : CPL_NULL_VALUE);
    3722             :     }
    3723       26836 : }
    3724             : 
    3725             : /************************************************************************/
    3726             : /*                       ~CPLConfigOptionSetter()                       */
    3727             : /************************************************************************/
    3728             : 
    3729       53724 : CPLConfigOptionSetter::~CPLConfigOptionSetter()
    3730             : {
    3731       26887 :     if (m_bRestoreOldValue)
    3732             :     {
    3733       26843 :         CPLSetThreadLocalConfigOption(m_pszKey, m_pszOldValue);
    3734       26843 :         CPLFree(m_pszOldValue);
    3735             :     }
    3736       26877 :     CPLFree(m_pszKey);
    3737       26837 : }
    3738             : 
    3739             : //! @endcond
    3740             : 
    3741             : /************************************************************************/
    3742             : /*                          CPLIsInteractive()                          */
    3743             : /************************************************************************/
    3744             : 
    3745             : /** Returns whether the provided file refers to a terminal.
    3746             :  *
    3747             :  * This function is a wrapper of the ``isatty()`` POSIX function.
    3748             :  *
    3749             :  * @param f File to test. Typically stdin, stdout or stderr
    3750             :  * @return true if it is an open file referring to a terminal.
    3751             :  * @since GDAL 3.11
    3752             :  */
    3753         653 : bool CPLIsInteractive(FILE *f)
    3754             : {
    3755             : #ifndef _WIN32
    3756         653 :     return isatty(static_cast<int>(fileno(f)));
    3757             : #else
    3758             :     return _isatty(_fileno(f));
    3759             : #endif
    3760             : }
    3761             : 
    3762             : /************************************************************************/
    3763             : /*                          CPLLockFileStruct                           */
    3764             : /************************************************************************/
    3765             : 
    3766             : //! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
    3767             : struct CPLLockFileStruct
    3768             : {
    3769             :     std::string osLockFilename{};
    3770             :     std::atomic<bool> bStop = false;
    3771             :     CPLJoinableThread *hThread = nullptr;
    3772             : };
    3773             : 
    3774             : //! @endcond
    3775             : 
    3776             : /************************************************************************/
    3777             : /*                           CPLLockFileEx()                            */
    3778             : /************************************************************************/
    3779             : 
    3780             : /** Create and acquire a lock file.
    3781             :  *
    3782             :  * Only one caller can acquire the lock file at a time. The O_CREAT|O_EXCL
    3783             :  * flags of open() are used for that purpose (there might be limitations for
    3784             :  * network file systems).
    3785             :  *
    3786             :  * The lock file is continuously touched by a thread started by this function,
    3787             :  * to indicate it is still alive. If an existing lock file is found that has
    3788             :  * not been recently refreshed it will be considered stalled, and will be
    3789             :  * deleted before attempting to recreate it.
    3790             :  *
    3791             :  * This function must be paired with CPLUnlockFileEx().
    3792             :  *
    3793             :  * Available options are:
    3794             :  * <ul>
    3795             :  * <li>WAIT_TIME=value_in_sec/inf: Maximum amount of time in second that this
    3796             :  *     function can spend waiting for the lock. If not set, default to infinity.
    3797             :  * </li>
    3798             :  * <li>STALLED_DELAY=value_in_sec: Delay in second to consider that an existing
    3799             :  * lock file that has not been touched since STALLED_DELAY is stalled, and can
    3800             :  * be re-acquired. Defaults to 10 seconds.
    3801             :  * </li>
    3802             :  * <li>VERBOSE_WAIT_MESSAGE=YES/NO: Whether to emit a CE_Warning message while
    3803             :  * waiting for a busy lock. Default to NO.
    3804             :  * </li>
    3805             :  * </ul>
    3806             : 
    3807             :  * @param pszLockFileName Lock file name. The directory must already exist.
    3808             :  *                        Must not be NULL.
    3809             :  * @param[out] phLockFileHandle Pointer to at location where to store the lock
    3810             :  *                              handle that must be passed to CPLUnlockFileEx().
    3811             :  *                              *phLockFileHandle will be null if the return
    3812             :  *                              code of that function is not CLFS_OK.
    3813             :  * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of strings, or NULL.
    3814             :  *
    3815             :  * @return lock file status.
    3816             :  *
    3817             :  * @since 3.11
    3818             :  */
    3819          15 : CPLLockFileStatus CPLLockFileEx(const char *pszLockFileName,
    3820             :                                 CPLLockFileHandle *phLockFileHandle,
    3821             :                                 CSLConstList papszOptions)
    3822             : {
    3823          15 :     if (!pszLockFileName || !phLockFileHandle)
    3824           2 :         return CLFS_API_MISUSE;
    3825             : 
    3826          13 :     *phLockFileHandle = nullptr;
    3827             : 
    3828             :     const double dfWaitTime =
    3829          13 :         CPLAtof(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "WAIT_TIME", "inf"));
    3830             :     const double dfStalledDelay =
    3831          13 :         CPLAtof(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "STALLED_DELAY", "10"));
    3832             :     const bool bVerboseWait =
    3833          13 :         CPLFetchBool(papszOptions, "VERBOSE_WAIT_MESSAGE", false);
    3834             : 
    3835          14 :     for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
    3836             :     {
    3837             : #ifdef _WIN32
    3838             :         wchar_t *pwszFilename =
    3839             :             CPLRecodeToWChar(pszLockFileName, CPL_ENC_UTF8, CPL_ENC_UCS2);
    3840             :         int fd = _wopen(pwszFilename, _O_CREAT | _O_EXCL, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
    3841             :         CPLFree(pwszFilename);
    3842             : #else
    3843          14 :         int fd = open(pszLockFileName, O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
    3844             : #endif
    3845          14 :         if (fd == -1)
    3846             :         {
    3847           3 :             if (errno != EEXIST || i == 1)
    3848             :             {
    3849           0 :                 return CLFS_CANNOT_CREATE_LOCK;
    3850             :             }
    3851             :             else
    3852             :             {
    3853             :                 // Wait for the .lock file to have been removed or
    3854             :                 // not refreshed since dfStalledDelay seconds.
    3855           3 :                 double dfCurWaitTime = dfWaitTime;
    3856             :                 VSIStatBufL sStat;
    3857          15 :                 while (VSIStatL(pszLockFileName, &sStat) == 0 &&
    3858           7 :                        static_cast<double>(sStat.st_mtime) + dfStalledDelay >
    3859           7 :                            static_cast<double>(time(nullptr)))
    3860             :                 {
    3861           6 :                     if (dfCurWaitTime <= 1e-5)
    3862           2 :                         return CLFS_LOCK_BUSY;
    3863             : 
    3864           5 :                     if (bVerboseWait)
    3865             :                     {
    3866           4 :                         CPLError(CE_Warning, CPLE_AppDefined,
    3867             :                                  "Waiting for %s to be freed...",
    3868             :                                  pszLockFileName);
    3869             :                     }
    3870             :                     else
    3871             :                     {
    3872           1 :                         CPLDebug("CPL", "Waiting for %s to be freed...",
    3873             :                                  pszLockFileName);
    3874             :                     }
    3875             : 
    3876           5 :                     const double dfPauseDelay = std::min(0.5, dfWaitTime);
    3877           5 :                     CPLSleep(dfPauseDelay);
    3878           5 :                     dfCurWaitTime -= dfPauseDelay;
    3879             :                 }
    3880             : 
    3881           2 :                 if (VSIUnlink(pszLockFileName) != 0)
    3882             :                 {
    3883           1 :                     return CLFS_CANNOT_CREATE_LOCK;
    3884             :                 }
    3885             :             }
    3886             :         }
    3887             :         else
    3888             :         {
    3889          11 :             close(fd);
    3890          11 :             break;
    3891             :         }
    3892             :     }
    3893             : 
    3894             :     // Touch regularly the lock file to show it is still alive
    3895             :     struct KeepAliveLockFile
    3896             :     {
    3897          11 :         static void func(void *user_data)
    3898             :         {
    3899          11 :             CPLLockFileHandle hLockFileHandle =
    3900             :                 static_cast<CPLLockFileHandle>(user_data);
    3901          23 :             while (!hLockFileHandle->bStop)
    3902             :             {
    3903             :                 auto f = VSIVirtualHandleUniquePtr(
    3904          24 :                     VSIFOpenL(hLockFileHandle->osLockFilename.c_str(), "wb"));
    3905          12 :                 if (f)
    3906             :                 {
    3907          12 :                     f.reset();
    3908             :                 }
    3909          12 :                 constexpr double REFRESH_DELAY = 0.5;
    3910          12 :                 CPLSleep(REFRESH_DELAY);
    3911             :             }
    3912          11 :         }
    3913             :     };
    3914             : 
    3915          11 :     *phLockFileHandle = new CPLLockFileStruct();
    3916          11 :     (*phLockFileHandle)->osLockFilename = pszLockFileName;
    3917             : 
    3918          22 :     (*phLockFileHandle)->hThread =
    3919          11 :         CPLCreateJoinableThread(KeepAliveLockFile::func, *phLockFileHandle);
    3920          11 :     if ((*phLockFileHandle)->hThread == nullptr)
    3921             :     {
    3922           0 :         VSIUnlink(pszLockFileName);
    3923           0 :         delete *phLockFileHandle;
    3924           0 :         *phLockFileHandle = nullptr;
    3925           0 :         return CLFS_THREAD_CREATION_FAILED;
    3926             :     }
    3927             : 
    3928          11 :     return CLFS_OK;
    3929             : }
    3930             : 
    3931             : /************************************************************************/
    3932             : /*                          CPLUnlockFileEx()                           */
    3933             : /************************************************************************/
    3934             : 
    3935             : /** Release and delete a lock file.
    3936             :  *
    3937             :  * This function must be paired with CPLLockFileEx().
    3938             :  *
    3939             :  * @param hLockFileHandle Lock handle (value of *phLockFileHandle argument
    3940             :  *                        set by CPLLockFileEx()), or NULL.
    3941             :  *
    3942             :  * @since 3.11
    3943             :  */
    3944          12 : void CPLUnlockFileEx(CPLLockFileHandle hLockFileHandle)
    3945             : {
    3946          12 :     if (hLockFileHandle)
    3947             :     {
    3948             :         // Remove .lock file
    3949          11 :         hLockFileHandle->bStop = true;
    3950          11 :         CPLJoinThread(hLockFileHandle->hThread);
    3951          11 :         VSIUnlink(hLockFileHandle->osLockFilename.c_str());
    3952             : 
    3953          11 :         delete hLockFileHandle;
    3954             :     }
    3955          12 : }
    3956             : 
    3957             : /************************************************************************/
    3958             : /*                     CPLFormatReadableFileSize()                      */
    3959             : /************************************************************************/
    3960             : 
    3961             : template <class T>
    3962          10 : static std::string CPLFormatReadableFileSizeInternal(T nSizeInBytes)
    3963             : {
    3964          10 :     constexpr T ONE_MEGA_BYTE = 1000 * 1000;
    3965          10 :     constexpr T ONE_GIGA_BYTE = 1000 * ONE_MEGA_BYTE;
    3966          10 :     constexpr T ONE_TERA_BYTE = 1000 * ONE_GIGA_BYTE;
    3967          10 :     constexpr T ONE_PETA_BYTE = 1000 * ONE_TERA_BYTE;
    3968          10 :     constexpr T ONE_HEXA_BYTE = 1000 * ONE_PETA_BYTE;
    3969             : 
    3970          10 :     if (nSizeInBytes > ONE_HEXA_BYTE)
    3971             :         return CPLSPrintf("%.02f HB", static_cast<double>(nSizeInBytes) /
    3972           2 :                                           static_cast<double>(ONE_HEXA_BYTE));
    3973             : 
    3974           8 :     if (nSizeInBytes > ONE_PETA_BYTE)
    3975             :         return CPLSPrintf("%.02f PB", static_cast<double>(nSizeInBytes) /
    3976           2 :                                           static_cast<double>(ONE_PETA_BYTE));
    3977             : 
    3978           6 :     if (nSizeInBytes > ONE_TERA_BYTE)
    3979             :         return CPLSPrintf("%.02f TB", static_cast<double>(nSizeInBytes) /
    3980           1 :                                           static_cast<double>(ONE_TERA_BYTE));
    3981             : 
    3982           5 :     if (nSizeInBytes > ONE_GIGA_BYTE)
    3983             :         return CPLSPrintf("%.02f GB", static_cast<double>(nSizeInBytes) /
    3984           3 :                                           static_cast<double>(ONE_GIGA_BYTE));
    3985             : 
    3986           2 :     if (nSizeInBytes > ONE_MEGA_BYTE)
    3987             :         return CPLSPrintf("%.02f MB", static_cast<double>(nSizeInBytes) /
    3988           1 :                                           static_cast<double>(ONE_MEGA_BYTE));
    3989             : 
    3990             :     return CPLSPrintf("%03d,%03d bytes", static_cast<int>(nSizeInBytes) / 1000,
    3991           1 :                       static_cast<int>(nSizeInBytes) % 1000);
    3992             : }
    3993             : 
    3994             : /** Return a file size in a human readable way.
    3995             :  *
    3996             :  * e.g 1200000 -> "1.20 MB"
    3997             :  *
    3998             :  * @since 3.12
    3999             :  */
    4000           3 : std::string CPLFormatReadableFileSize(uint64_t nSizeInBytes)
    4001             : {
    4002           3 :     return CPLFormatReadableFileSizeInternal(nSizeInBytes);
    4003             : }
    4004             : 
    4005             : /** Return a file size in a human readable way.
    4006             :  *
    4007             :  * e.g 1200000 -> "1.20 MB"
    4008             :  *
    4009             :  * @since 3.12
    4010             :  */
    4011           7 : std::string CPLFormatReadableFileSize(double dfSizeInBytes)
    4012             : {
    4013           7 :     return CPLFormatReadableFileSizeInternal(dfSizeInBytes);
    4014             : }
    4015             : 
    4016             : /************************************************************************/
    4017             : /*                 CPLGetRemainingFileDescriptorCount()                 */
    4018             : /************************************************************************/
    4019             : 
    4020             : /** \fn CPLGetRemainingFileDescriptorCount()
    4021             :  *
    4022             :  * Return the number of file descriptors that can still be opened by the
    4023             :  * current process.
    4024             :  *
    4025             :  * Only implemented on non-Windows operating systems
    4026             :  *
    4027             :  * Return a negative value in case of error or not implemented.
    4028             :  *
    4029             :  * @since 3.12
    4030             :  */
    4031             : 
    4032             : #if defined(__FreeBSD__)
    4033             : 
    4034             : int CPLGetRemainingFileDescriptorCount()
    4035             : {
    4036             :     struct rlimit limitNumberOfFilesPerProcess;
    4037             :     if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &limitNumberOfFilesPerProcess) != 0)
    4038             :     {
    4039             :         return -1;
    4040             :     }
    4041             :     const int maxNumberOfFilesPerProcess =
    4042             :         static_cast<int>(limitNumberOfFilesPerProcess.rlim_cur);
    4043             : 
    4044             :     const pid_t pid = getpid();
    4045             :     int mib[4] = {CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_FILEDESC,
    4046             :                   static_cast<int>(pid)};
    4047             : 
    4048             :     size_t len = 0;
    4049             : 
    4050             :     if (sysctl(mib, 4, nullptr, &len, nullptr, 0) == -1)
    4051             :     {
    4052             :         return -1;
    4053             :     }
    4054             : 
    4055             :     return maxNumberOfFilesPerProcess -
    4056             :            static_cast<int>(len / sizeof(struct kinfo_file));
    4057             : }
    4058             : 
    4059             : #else
    4060             : 
    4061         118 : int CPLGetRemainingFileDescriptorCount()
    4062             : {
    4063             : #if !defined(_WIN32) && HAVE_GETRLIMIT
    4064             :     struct rlimit limitNumberOfFilesPerProcess;
    4065         118 :     if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &limitNumberOfFilesPerProcess) != 0)
    4066             :     {
    4067           0 :         return -1;
    4068             :     }
    4069         118 :     const int maxNumberOfFilesPerProcess =
    4070         118 :         static_cast<int>(limitNumberOfFilesPerProcess.rlim_cur);
    4071             : 
    4072         118 :     int countFilesInUse = 0;
    4073             :     {
    4074         118 :         const char *const apszOptions[] = {"NAME_AND_TYPE_ONLY=YES", nullptr};
    4075             : #ifdef __linux
    4076         118 :         VSIDIR *dir = VSIOpenDir("/proc/self/fd", 0, apszOptions);
    4077             : #else
    4078             :         // MacOSX
    4079             :         VSIDIR *dir = VSIOpenDir("/dev/fd", 0, apszOptions);
    4080             : #endif
    4081         118 :         if (dir)
    4082             :         {
    4083        1610 :             while (VSIGetNextDirEntry(dir))
    4084        1492 :                 ++countFilesInUse;
    4085         118 :             countFilesInUse -= 2;  // do not count . and ..
    4086         118 :             VSICloseDir(dir);
    4087             :         }
    4088             :     }
    4089             : 
    4090         118 :     if (countFilesInUse <= 0)
    4091             :     {
    4092             :         // Fallback if above method does not work
    4093           0 :         for (int fd = 0; fd < maxNumberOfFilesPerProcess; fd++)
    4094             :         {
    4095           0 :             errno = 0;
    4096           0 :             if (fcntl(fd, F_GETFD) != -1 || errno != EBADF)
    4097             :             {
    4098           0 :                 countFilesInUse++;
    4099             :             }
    4100             :         }
    4101             :     }
    4102             : 
    4103         118 :     return maxNumberOfFilesPerProcess - countFilesInUse;
    4104             : #else
    4105             :     return -1;
    4106             : #endif
    4107             : }
    4108             : 
    4109             : #endif

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