LCOV - code coverage report
Current view: top level - alg - thinplatespline.cpp (source / functions) Hit Total Coverage
Test: gdal_filtered.info Lines: 219 312 70.2 %
Date: 2024-11-21 22:18:42 Functions: 9 9 100.0 %

          Line data    Source code
       1             : /******************************************************************************
       2             :  *
       3             :  * Project:  GDAL Warp API
       4             :  * Purpose:  Implemenentation of 2D Thin Plate Spline transformer.
       5             :  * Author:   VIZRT Development Team.
       6             :  *
       7             :  * This code was provided by Gilad Ronnen (gro at visrt dot com) with
       8             :  * permission to reuse under the following license.
       9             :  *
      10             :  ******************************************************************************
      11             :  * Copyright (c) 2004, VIZRT Inc.
      12             :  * Copyright (c) 2008-2014, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
      13             :  *
      14             :  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
      15             :  ****************************************************************************/
      16             : 
      17             : /*! @cond Doxygen_Suppress */
      18             : 
      19             : #include "cpl_port.h"
      20             : #include "thinplatespline.h"
      21             : #include "gdallinearsystem.h"
      22             : 
      23             : #include <climits>
      24             : #include <cstdio>
      25             : #include <cstring>
      26             : 
      27             : #include <algorithm>
      28             : #include <limits>
      29             : #include <utility>
      30             : 
      31             : #include "cpl_error.h"
      32             : #include "cpl_vsi.h"
      33             : 
      34             : //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
      35             : //// vizGeorefSpline2D
      36             : //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
      37             : 
      38             : // #define VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_DEBUG 0
      39             : 
      40         108 : bool VizGeorefSpline2D::grow_points()
      41             : 
      42             : {
      43         108 :     const int new_max = _max_nof_points * 2 + 2 + 3;
      44             : 
      45             :     double *new_x =
      46         108 :         static_cast<double *>(VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(x, sizeof(double) * new_max));
      47         108 :     if (!new_x)
      48           0 :         return false;
      49         108 :     x = new_x;
      50             :     double *new_y =
      51         108 :         static_cast<double *>(VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(y, sizeof(double) * new_max));
      52         108 :     if (!new_y)
      53           0 :         return false;
      54         108 :     y = new_y;
      55             :     double *new_u =
      56         108 :         static_cast<double *>(VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(u, sizeof(double) * new_max));
      57         108 :     if (!new_u)
      58           0 :         return false;
      59         108 :     u = new_u;
      60             :     int *new_unused =
      61         108 :         static_cast<int *>(VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(unused, sizeof(int) * new_max));
      62         108 :     if (!new_unused)
      63           0 :         return false;
      64         108 :     unused = new_unused;
      65             :     int *new_index =
      66         108 :         static_cast<int *>(VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(index, sizeof(int) * new_max));
      67         108 :     if (!new_index)
      68           0 :         return false;
      69         108 :     index = new_index;
      70         324 :     for (int i = 0; i < _nof_vars; i++)
      71             :     {
      72             :         double *rhs_i_new = static_cast<double *>(
      73         216 :             VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(rhs[i], sizeof(double) * new_max));
      74         216 :         if (!rhs_i_new)
      75           0 :             return false;
      76         216 :         rhs[i] = rhs_i_new;
      77             :         double *coef_i_new = static_cast<double *>(
      78         216 :             VSI_REALLOC_VERBOSE(coef[i], sizeof(double) * new_max));
      79         216 :         if (!coef_i_new)
      80           0 :             return false;
      81         216 :         coef[i] = coef_i_new;
      82         216 :         if (_max_nof_points == 0)
      83             :         {
      84          76 :             memset(rhs[i], 0, 3 * sizeof(double));
      85          76 :             memset(coef[i], 0, 3 * sizeof(double));
      86             :         }
      87             :     }
      88             : 
      89         108 :     _max_nof_points = new_max - 3;
      90         108 :     return true;
      91             : }
      92             : 
      93        4812 : bool VizGeorefSpline2D::add_point(const double Px, const double Py,
      94             :                                   const double *Pvars)
      95             : {
      96        4812 :     type = VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_POINT_WAS_ADDED;
      97             :     int i;
      98             : 
      99        4812 :     if (_nof_points == _max_nof_points)
     100             :     {
     101          70 :         if (!grow_points())
     102           0 :             return false;
     103             :     }
     104             : 
     105        4812 :     i = _nof_points;
     106             :     // A new point is added.
     107        4812 :     x[i] = Px;
     108        4812 :     y[i] = Py;
     109       14436 :     for (int j = 0; j < _nof_vars; j++)
     110        9624 :         rhs[j][i + 3] = Pvars[j];
     111        4812 :     _nof_points++;
     112        4812 :     return true;
     113             : }
     114             : 
     115             : #if 0
     116             : bool VizGeorefSpline2D::change_point( int index, double Px, double Py,
     117             :                                       double* Pvars )
     118             : {
     119             :     if( index < _nof_points )
     120             :     {
     121             :         int i = index;
     122             :         x[i] = Px;
     123             :         y[i] = Py;
     124             :         for( int j = 0; j < _nof_vars; j++ )
     125             :             rhs[j][i+3] = Pvars[j];
     126             :     }
     127             : 
     128             :     return true;
     129             : }
     130             : 
     131             : bool VizGeorefSpline2D::get_xy( int index, double& outX, double& outY )
     132             : {
     133             :     if( index < _nof_points )
     134             :     {
     135             :         ok = true;
     136             :         outX = x[index];
     137             :         outY = y[index];
     138             :         return true;
     139             :     }
     140             : 
     141             :     outX = 0.0;
     142             :     outY = 0.0;
     143             : 
     144             :     return false;
     145             : }
     146             : 
     147             : int VizGeorefSpline2D::delete_point( const double Px, const double Py )
     148             : {
     149             :     for( int i = 0; i < _nof_points; i++ )
     150             :     {
     151             :         if( ( fabs(Px - x[i]) <= _tx ) && ( fabs(Py - y[i]) <= _ty ) )
     152             :         {
     153             :             for( int j = i; j < _nof_points - 1; j++ )
     154             :             {
     155             :                 x[j] = x[j+1];
     156             :                 y[j] = y[j+1];
     157             :                 for( int k = 0; k < _nof_vars; k++ )
     158             :                     rhs[k][j+3] = rhs[k][j+3+1];
     159             :             }
     160             :             _nof_points--;
     161             :             type = VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_POINT_WAS_DELETED;
     162             :             return 1;
     163             :         }
     164             :     }
     165             :     return 0;
     166             : }
     167             : #endif
     168             : 
     169    63808660 : template <typename T> static inline T SQ(const T &x)
     170             : {
     171    63808660 :     return x * x;
     172             : }
     173             : 
     174     4598680 : static inline double VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func(const double x1,
     175             :                                                 const double y1,
     176             :                                                 const double x2,
     177             :                                                 const double y2)
     178             : {
     179     4598680 :     const double dist = SQ(x2 - x1) + SQ(y2 - y1);
     180     4598680 :     return dist != 0.0 ? dist * log(dist) : 0.0;
     181             : }
     182             : 
     183             : #if defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__x86_64__)
     184             : /* Some versions of ICC fail to compile VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4 (#6350) */
     185             : #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
     186             : #if __INTEL_COMPILER >= 1500
     187             : #define USE_OPTIMIZED_VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4
     188             : #else
     189             : #if (__INTEL_COMPILER == 1200) || (__INTEL_COMPILER == 1210)
     190             : #define USE_OPTIMIZED_VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4
     191             : #else
     192             : #undef USE_OPTIMIZED_VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4
     193             : #endif
     194             : #endif
     195             : #else  // defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
     196             : #define USE_OPTIMIZED_VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4
     197             : #endif  // defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
     198             : #endif
     199             : 
     200             : #if defined(USE_OPTIMIZED_VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4) && !defined(CPPCHECK)
     201             : 
     202             : /* Derived and adapted from code originating from: */
     203             : 
     204             : /* @(#)e_log.c 1.3 95/01/18 */
     205             : /*
     206             :  * ====================================================
     207             :  * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
     208             :  *
     209             :  * Developed at SunSoft, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
     210             :  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
     211             :  * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
     212             :  * is preserved.
     213             :  * ====================================================
     214             :  */
     215             : 
     216             : /* __ieee754_log(x)
     217             :  * Return the logarithm of x
     218             :  *
     219             :  * Method:
     220             :  *   1. Argument Reduction: find k and f such that
     221             :  *                      x = 2^k * (1+f),
     222             :  *         where  sqrt(2)/2 < 1+f < sqrt(2) .
     223             :  *
     224             :  *   2. Approximation of log(1+f).
     225             :  *      Let s = f/(2+f) ; based on log(1+f) = log(1+s) - log(1-s)
     226             :  *               = 2s + 2/3 s**3 + 2/5 s**5 + .....,
     227             :  *               = 2s + s*R
     228             :  *      We use a special Reme algorithm on [0,0.1716] to generate
     229             :  *      a polynomial of degree 14 to approximate R The maximum error
     230             :  *      of this polynomial approximation is bounded by 2**-58.45. In
     231             :  *      other words,
     232             :  *                      2      4      6      8      10      12      14
     233             :  *          R(z) ~ Lg1*s +Lg2*s +Lg3*s +Lg4*s +Lg5*s  +Lg6*s  +Lg7*s
     234             :  *      (the values of Lg1 to Lg7 are listed in the program)
     235             :  *      and
     236             :  *          |      2          14          |     -58.45
     237             :  *          | Lg1*s +...+Lg7*s    -  R(z) | <= 2
     238             :  *          |                             |
     239             :  *      Note that 2s = f - s*f = f - hfsq + s*hfsq, where hfsq = f*f/2.
     240             :  *      In order to guarantee error in log below 1ulp, we compute log
     241             :  *      by
     242             :  *              log(1+f) = f - s*(f - R)        (if f is not too large)
     243             :  *              log(1+f) = f - (hfsq - s*(hfsq+R)).     (better accuracy)
     244             :  *
     245             :  *      3. Finally,  log(x) = k*ln2 + log(1+f).
     246             :  *                          = k*ln2_hi+(f-(hfsq-(s*(hfsq+R)+k*ln2_lo)))
     247             :  *         Here ln2 is split into two floating point number:
     248             :  *                      ln2_hi + ln2_lo,
     249             :  *         where n*ln2_hi is always exact for |n| < 2000.
     250             :  *
     251             :  * Special cases:
     252             :  *      log(x) is NaN with signal if x < 0 (including -INF) ;
     253             :  *      log(+INF) is +INF; log(0) is -INF with signal;
     254             :  *      log(NaN) is that NaN with no signal.
     255             :  *
     256             :  * Accuracy:
     257             :  *      according to an error analysis, the error is always less than
     258             :  *      1 ulp (unit in the last place).
     259             :  *
     260             :  * Constants:
     261             :  * The hexadecimal values are the intended ones for the following
     262             :  * constants. The decimal values may be used, provided that the
     263             :  * compiler will convert from decimal to binary accurately enough
     264             :  * to produce the hexadecimal values shown.
     265             :  */
     266             : 
     267             : typedef double V2DF __attribute__((__vector_size__(16)));
     268             : 
     269             : typedef union
     270             : {
     271             :     V2DF v2;
     272             :     double d[2];
     273             : } v2dfunion;
     274             : 
     275             : typedef union
     276             : {
     277             :     int i[2];
     278             :     long long li;
     279             : } i64union;
     280             : 
     281             : static const V2DF v2_ln2_div_2pow20 = {6.93147180559945286e-01 / 1048576,
     282             :                                        6.93147180559945286e-01 / 1048576};
     283             : static const V2DF v2_Lg1 = {6.666666666666735130e-01, 6.666666666666735130e-01};
     284             : static const V2DF v2_Lg2 = {3.999999999940941908e-01, 3.999999999940941908e-01};
     285             : static const V2DF v2_Lg3 = {2.857142874366239149e-01, 2.857142874366239149e-01};
     286             : static const V2DF v2_Lg4 = {2.222219843214978396e-01, 2.222219843214978396e-01};
     287             : static const V2DF v2_Lg5 = {1.818357216161805012e-01, 1.818357216161805012e-01};
     288             : static const V2DF v2_Lg6 = {1.531383769920937332e-01, 1.531383769920937332e-01};
     289             : /*v2_Lg7 = {1.479819860511658591e-01, 1.479819860511658591e-01}, */
     290             : static const V2DF v2_one = {1.0, 1.0};
     291             : static const V2DF v2_const1023_mul_2pow20 = {1023.0 * 1048576,
     292             :                                              1023.0 * 1048576};
     293             : 
     294             : #define GET_HIGH_WORD(hx, x) memcpy(&hx, reinterpret_cast<char *>(&x) + 4, 4)
     295             : #define SET_HIGH_WORD(x, hx) memcpy(reinterpret_cast<char *>(&x) + 4, &hx, 4)
     296             : 
     297             : #define MAKE_WIDE_CST(x) (((static_cast<long long>(x)) << 32) | (x))
     298             : constexpr long long cst_expmask = MAKE_WIDE_CST(0xfff00000);
     299             : constexpr long long cst_0x95f64 = MAKE_WIDE_CST(0x00095f64);
     300             : constexpr long long cst_0x100000 = MAKE_WIDE_CST(0x00100000);
     301             : constexpr long long cst_0x3ff00000 = MAKE_WIDE_CST(0x3ff00000);
     302             : 
     303             : // Modified version of __ieee754_log(), less precise than log() but a bit
     304             : // faster, and computing 4 log() at a time. Assumes that the values are > 0.
     305    13652800 : static void FastApproxLog4Val(v2dfunion *x)
     306             : {
     307    13652800 :     i64union hx[2] = {};
     308    13652800 :     i64union k[2] = {};
     309    13652800 :     i64union i[2] = {};
     310    13652800 :     GET_HIGH_WORD(hx[0].i[0], x[0].d[0]);
     311    13652800 :     GET_HIGH_WORD(hx[0].i[1], x[0].d[1]);
     312             : 
     313             :     // coverity[uninit_use]
     314    13652800 :     k[0].li = hx[0].li & cst_expmask;
     315    13652800 :     hx[0].li &= ~cst_expmask;
     316    13652800 :     i[0].li = (hx[0].li + cst_0x95f64) & cst_0x100000;
     317    13652800 :     hx[0].li |= i[0].li ^ cst_0x3ff00000;
     318    13652800 :     SET_HIGH_WORD(x[0].d[0], hx[0].i[0]);  // Normalize x or x/2.
     319    13652800 :     SET_HIGH_WORD(x[0].d[1], hx[0].i[1]);  // Normalize x or x/2.
     320    13652800 :     k[0].li += i[0].li;
     321             : 
     322    13652800 :     v2dfunion dk[2] = {};
     323    13652800 :     dk[0].d[0] = static_cast<double>(k[0].i[0]);
     324    13652800 :     dk[0].d[1] = static_cast<double>(k[0].i[1]);
     325             : 
     326    13652800 :     GET_HIGH_WORD(hx[1].i[0], x[1].d[0]);
     327    13652800 :     GET_HIGH_WORD(hx[1].i[1], x[1].d[1]);
     328    13652800 :     k[1].li = hx[1].li & cst_expmask;
     329    13652800 :     hx[1].li &= ~cst_expmask;
     330    13652800 :     i[1].li = (hx[1].li + cst_0x95f64) & cst_0x100000;
     331    13652800 :     hx[1].li |= i[1].li ^ cst_0x3ff00000;
     332    13652800 :     SET_HIGH_WORD(x[1].d[0], hx[1].i[0]);  // Normalize x or x/2.
     333    13652800 :     SET_HIGH_WORD(x[1].d[1], hx[1].i[1]);  // Normalize x or x/2.
     334    13652800 :     k[1].li += i[1].li;
     335    13652800 :     dk[1].d[0] = static_cast<double>(k[1].i[0]);
     336    13652800 :     dk[1].d[1] = static_cast<double>(k[1].i[1]);
     337             : 
     338    13652800 :     V2DF f[2] = {};
     339    13652800 :     f[0] = x[0].v2 - v2_one;
     340    13652800 :     V2DF s[2] = {};
     341    13652800 :     s[0] = f[0] / (x[0].v2 + v2_one);
     342    13652800 :     V2DF z[2] = {};
     343    13652800 :     z[0] = s[0] * s[0];
     344    13652800 :     V2DF w[2] = {};
     345    13652800 :     w[0] = z[0] * z[0];
     346             : 
     347    13652800 :     V2DF t1[2] = {};
     348             :     // coverity[ptr_arith]
     349    13652800 :     t1[0] = w[0] * (v2_Lg2 + w[0] * (v2_Lg4 + w[0] * v2_Lg6));
     350             : 
     351    13652800 :     V2DF t2[2] = {};
     352             :     // coverity[ptr_arith]
     353    13652800 :     t2[0] =
     354    13652800 :         z[0] * (v2_Lg1 + w[0] * (v2_Lg3 + w[0] * (v2_Lg5 /*+w[0]*v2_Lg7*/)));
     355             : 
     356    13652800 :     V2DF R[2] = {};
     357    13652800 :     R[0] = t2[0] + t1[0];
     358    13652800 :     x[0].v2 = (dk[0].v2 - v2_const1023_mul_2pow20) * v2_ln2_div_2pow20 -
     359    13652800 :               (s[0] * (f[0] - R[0]) - f[0]);
     360             : 
     361    13652800 :     f[1] = x[1].v2 - v2_one;
     362    13652800 :     s[1] = f[1] / (x[1].v2 + v2_one);
     363    13652800 :     z[1] = s[1] * s[1];
     364    13652800 :     w[1] = z[1] * z[1];
     365             :     // coverity[ptr_arith]
     366    13652800 :     t1[1] = w[1] * (v2_Lg2 + w[1] * (v2_Lg4 + w[1] * v2_Lg6));
     367             :     // coverity[ptr_arith]
     368    13652800 :     t2[1] =
     369    13652800 :         z[1] * (v2_Lg1 + w[1] * (v2_Lg3 + w[1] * (v2_Lg5 /*+w[1]*v2_Lg7*/)));
     370    13652800 :     R[1] = t2[1] + t1[1];
     371    13652800 :     x[1].v2 = (dk[1].v2 - v2_const1023_mul_2pow20) * v2_ln2_div_2pow20 -
     372    13652800 :               (s[1] * (f[1] - R[1]) - f[1]);
     373    13652800 : }
     374             : 
     375    13652800 : static CPL_INLINE void VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4(double *res,
     376             :                                                    const double *pxy,
     377             :                                                    const double *xr,
     378             :                                                    const double *yr)
     379             : {
     380    13652800 :     v2dfunion xv[2] = {};
     381    13652800 :     xv[0].d[0] = xr[0];
     382    13652800 :     xv[0].d[1] = xr[1];
     383    13652800 :     xv[1].d[0] = xr[2];
     384    13652800 :     xv[1].d[1] = xr[3];
     385    13652800 :     v2dfunion yv[2] = {};
     386    13652800 :     yv[0].d[0] = yr[0];
     387    13652800 :     yv[0].d[1] = yr[1];
     388    13652800 :     yv[1].d[0] = yr[2];
     389    13652800 :     yv[1].d[1] = yr[3];
     390             :     v2dfunion x1v;
     391    13652800 :     x1v.d[0] = pxy[0];
     392    13652800 :     x1v.d[1] = pxy[0];
     393             :     v2dfunion y1v;
     394    13652800 :     y1v.d[0] = pxy[1];
     395    13652800 :     y1v.d[1] = pxy[1];
     396    13652800 :     v2dfunion dist[2] = {};
     397    13652800 :     dist[0].v2 = SQ(xv[0].v2 - x1v.v2) + SQ(yv[0].v2 - y1v.v2);
     398    13652800 :     dist[1].v2 = SQ(xv[1].v2 - x1v.v2) + SQ(yv[1].v2 - y1v.v2);
     399    13652800 :     v2dfunion resv[2] = {dist[0], dist[1]};
     400    13652800 :     FastApproxLog4Val(dist);
     401    13652800 :     resv[0].v2 *= dist[0].v2;
     402    13652800 :     resv[1].v2 *= dist[1].v2;
     403    13652800 :     res[0] = resv[0].d[0];
     404    13652800 :     res[1] = resv[0].d[1];
     405    13652800 :     res[2] = resv[1].d[0];
     406    13652800 :     res[3] = resv[1].d[1];
     407    13652800 : }
     408             : #else   // defined(USE_OPTIMIZED_VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4)
     409             : static void VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4(double *res, const double *pxy,
     410             :                                         const double *xr, const double *yr)
     411             : {
     412             :     double dist0 = SQ(xr[0] - pxy[0]) + SQ(yr[0] - pxy[1]);
     413             :     res[0] = dist0 != 0.0 ? dist0 * log(dist0) : 0.0;
     414             :     double dist1 = SQ(xr[1] - pxy[0]) + SQ(yr[1] - pxy[1]);
     415             :     res[1] = dist1 != 0.0 ? dist1 * log(dist1) : 0.0;
     416             :     double dist2 = SQ(xr[2] - pxy[0]) + SQ(yr[2] - pxy[1]);
     417             :     res[2] = dist2 != 0.0 ? dist2 * log(dist2) : 0.0;
     418             :     double dist3 = SQ(xr[3] - pxy[0]) + SQ(yr[3] - pxy[1]);
     419             :     res[3] = dist3 != 0.0 ? dist3 * log(dist3) : 0.0;
     420             : }
     421             : #endif  // defined(USE_OPTIMIZED_VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4)
     422             : 
     423          38 : int VizGeorefSpline2D::solve()
     424             : {
     425             :     // No points at all.
     426          38 :     if (_nof_points < 1)
     427             :     {
     428           0 :         type = VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_ZERO_POINTS;
     429           0 :         return 0;
     430             :     }
     431             : 
     432             :     // Only one point.
     433          38 :     if (_nof_points == 1)
     434             :     {
     435           0 :         type = VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_ONE_POINT;
     436           0 :         return 1;
     437             :     }
     438             :     // Just 2 points - it is necessarily 1D case.
     439          38 :     if (_nof_points == 2)
     440             :     {
     441           0 :         _dx = x[1] - x[0];
     442           0 :         _dy = y[1] - y[0];
     443           0 :         const double denom = _dx * _dx + _dy * _dy;
     444           0 :         if (denom == 0.0)
     445           0 :             return 0;
     446           0 :         const double fact = 1.0 / denom;
     447           0 :         _dx *= fact;
     448           0 :         _dy *= fact;
     449             : 
     450           0 :         type = VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_TWO_POINTS;
     451           0 :         return 2;
     452             :     }
     453             : 
     454             :     // More than 2 points - first we have to check if it is 1D or 2D case
     455             : 
     456          38 :     double xmax = x[0];
     457          38 :     double xmin = x[0];
     458          38 :     double ymax = y[0];
     459          38 :     double ymin = y[0];
     460          38 :     double sumx = 0.0;
     461          38 :     double sumy = 0.0;
     462          38 :     double sumx2 = 0.0;
     463          38 :     double sumy2 = 0.0;
     464          38 :     double sumxy = 0.0;
     465             : 
     466        4850 :     for (int p = 0; p < _nof_points; p++)
     467             :     {
     468        4812 :         const double xx = x[p];
     469        4812 :         const double yy = y[p];
     470             : 
     471        4812 :         xmax = std::max(xmax, xx);
     472        4812 :         xmin = std::min(xmin, xx);
     473        4812 :         ymax = std::max(ymax, yy);
     474        4812 :         ymin = std::min(ymin, yy);
     475             : 
     476        4812 :         sumx += xx;
     477        4812 :         sumx2 += xx * xx;
     478        4812 :         sumy += yy;
     479        4812 :         sumy2 += yy * yy;
     480        4812 :         sumxy += xx * yy;
     481             :     }
     482          38 :     const double delx = xmax - xmin;
     483          38 :     const double dely = ymax - ymin;
     484             : 
     485          38 :     const double SSxx = sumx2 - sumx * sumx / _nof_points;
     486          38 :     const double SSyy = sumy2 - sumy * sumy / _nof_points;
     487          38 :     const double SSxy = sumxy - sumx * sumy / _nof_points;
     488             : 
     489          38 :     if (SSxx * SSyy == 0.0)
     490             :     {
     491           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     492             :                  "Degenerate system. Computation aborted.");
     493           0 :         return 0;
     494             :     }
     495          38 :     if (delx < 0.001 * dely || dely < 0.001 * delx ||
     496          38 :         fabs(SSxy * SSxy / (SSxx * SSyy)) > 0.99)
     497             :     {
     498           0 :         type = VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_ONE_DIMENSIONAL;
     499             : 
     500           0 :         _dx = _nof_points * sumx2 - sumx * sumx;
     501           0 :         _dy = _nof_points * sumy2 - sumy * sumy;
     502           0 :         const double fact = 1.0 / sqrt(_dx * _dx + _dy * _dy);
     503           0 :         _dx *= fact;
     504           0 :         _dy *= fact;
     505             : 
     506           0 :         for (int p = 0; p < _nof_points; p++)
     507             :         {
     508           0 :             const double dxp = x[p] - x[0];
     509           0 :             const double dyp = y[p] - y[0];
     510           0 :             u[p] = _dx * dxp + _dy * dyp;
     511           0 :             unused[p] = 1;
     512             :         }
     513             : 
     514           0 :         for (int p = 0; p < _nof_points; p++)
     515             :         {
     516           0 :             int min_index = -1;
     517           0 :             double min_u = 0.0;
     518           0 :             for (int p1 = 0; p1 < _nof_points; p1++)
     519             :             {
     520           0 :                 if (unused[p1])
     521             :                 {
     522           0 :                     if (min_index < 0 || u[p1] < min_u)
     523             :                     {
     524           0 :                         min_index = p1;
     525           0 :                         min_u = u[p1];
     526             :                     }
     527             :                 }
     528             :             }
     529           0 :             index[p] = min_index;
     530           0 :             unused[min_index] = 0;
     531             :         }
     532             : 
     533           0 :         return 3;
     534             :     }
     535             : 
     536          38 :     type = VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_FULL;
     537             :     // Make the necessary memory allocations.
     538             : 
     539          38 :     _nof_eqs = _nof_points + 3;
     540             : 
     541          38 :     if (_nof_eqs > std::numeric_limits<int>::max() / _nof_eqs)
     542             :     {
     543           0 :         CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     544             :                  "Too many coefficients. Computation aborted.");
     545           0 :         return 0;
     546             :     }
     547             : 
     548          76 :     GDALMatrix A(_nof_eqs, _nof_eqs);
     549          38 :     x_mean = 0;
     550          38 :     y_mean = 0;
     551        4850 :     for (int c = 0; c < _nof_points; c++)
     552             :     {
     553        4812 :         x_mean += x[c];
     554        4812 :         y_mean += y[c];
     555             :     }
     556          38 :     x_mean /= _nof_points;
     557          38 :     y_mean /= _nof_points;
     558             : 
     559        4850 :     for (int c = 0; c < _nof_points; c++)
     560             :     {
     561        4812 :         x[c] -= x_mean;
     562        4812 :         y[c] -= y_mean;
     563        4812 :         A(0, c + 3) = 1.0;
     564        4812 :         A(1, c + 3) = x[c];
     565        4812 :         A(2, c + 3) = y[c];
     566             : 
     567        4812 :         A(c + 3, 0) = 1.0;
     568        4812 :         A(c + 3, 1) = x[c];
     569        4812 :         A(c + 3, 2) = y[c];
     570             :     }
     571             : 
     572        4850 :     for (int r = 0; r < _nof_points; r++)
     573     4525050 :         for (int c = r; c < _nof_points; c++)
     574             :         {
     575     9040480 :             A(r + 3, c + 3) =
     576     4520240 :                 VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func(x[r], y[r], x[c], y[c]);
     577     4520240 :             if (r != c)
     578     4515430 :                 A(c + 3, r + 3) = A(r + 3, c + 3);
     579             :         }
     580             : 
     581             : #if VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_DEBUG
     582             : 
     583             :     for (r = 0; r < _nof_eqs; r++)
     584             :     {
     585             :         for (c = 0; c < _nof_eqs; c++)
     586             :             fprintf(stderr, "%f", A(r, c)); /*ok*/
     587             :         fprintf(stderr, "\n");              /*ok*/
     588             :     }
     589             : 
     590             : #endif
     591             : 
     592          76 :     GDALMatrix RHS(_nof_eqs, _nof_vars);
     593         114 :     for (int iRHS = 0; iRHS < _nof_vars; iRHS++)
     594        9928 :         for (int iRow = 0; iRow < _nof_eqs; iRow++)
     595        9852 :             RHS(iRow, iRHS) = rhs[iRHS][iRow];
     596             : 
     597          76 :     GDALMatrix Coef(_nof_eqs, _nof_vars);
     598             : 
     599          38 :     if (!GDALLinearSystemSolve(A, RHS, Coef))
     600             :     {
     601           2 :         return 0;
     602             :     }
     603             : 
     604         108 :     for (int iRHS = 0; iRHS < _nof_vars; iRHS++)
     605        9892 :         for (int iRow = 0; iRow < _nof_eqs; iRow++)
     606        9820 :             coef[iRHS][iRow] = Coef(iRow, iRHS);
     607             : 
     608          36 :     return 4;
     609             : }
     610             : 
     611      538613 : int VizGeorefSpline2D::get_point(const double Px, const double Py, double *vars)
     612             : {
     613      538613 :     switch (type)
     614             :     {
     615           0 :         case VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_ZERO_POINTS:
     616             :         {
     617           0 :             for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     618           0 :                 vars[v] = 0.0;
     619           0 :             break;
     620             :         }
     621           0 :         case VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_ONE_POINT:
     622             :         {
     623           0 :             for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     624           0 :                 vars[v] = rhs[v][3];
     625           0 :             break;
     626             :         }
     627           0 :         case VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_TWO_POINTS:
     628             :         {
     629           0 :             const double fact = _dx * (Px - x[0]) + _dy * (Py - y[0]);
     630           0 :             for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     631           0 :                 vars[v] = (1 - fact) * rhs[v][3] + fact * rhs[v][4];
     632           0 :             break;
     633             :         }
     634           0 :         case VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_ONE_DIMENSIONAL:
     635             :         {
     636           0 :             int leftP = 0;
     637           0 :             int rightP = 0;
     638           0 :             const double Pu = _dx * (Px - x[0]) + _dy * (Py - y[0]);
     639           0 :             if (Pu <= u[index[0]])
     640             :             {
     641           0 :                 leftP = index[0];
     642           0 :                 rightP = index[1];
     643             :             }
     644           0 :             else if (Pu >= u[index[_nof_points - 1]])
     645             :             {
     646           0 :                 leftP = index[_nof_points - 2];
     647           0 :                 rightP = index[_nof_points - 1];
     648             :             }
     649             :             else
     650             :             {
     651           0 :                 for (int r = 1; r < _nof_points; r++)
     652             :                 {
     653           0 :                     leftP = index[r - 1];
     654           0 :                     rightP = index[r];
     655           0 :                     if (Pu >= u[leftP] && Pu <= u[rightP])
     656           0 :                         break;  // Found.
     657             :                 }
     658             :             }
     659             : 
     660           0 :             const double fact = (Pu - u[leftP]) / (u[rightP] - u[leftP]);
     661           0 :             for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     662           0 :                 vars[v] = (1.0 - fact) * rhs[v][leftP + 3] +
     663           0 :                           fact * rhs[v][rightP + 3];
     664           0 :             break;
     665             :         }
     666      538613 :         case VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_FULL:
     667             :         {
     668      538613 :             const double Pxy[2] = {Px - x_mean, Py - y_mean};
     669     1615840 :             for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     670     1077230 :                 vars[v] =
     671     1077230 :                     coef[v][0] + coef[v][1] * Pxy[0] + coef[v][2] * Pxy[1];
     672             : 
     673      538613 :             int r = 0;  // Used after for.
     674    14191400 :             for (; r < (_nof_points & (~3)); r += 4)
     675             :             {
     676    13652800 :                 double dfTmp[4] = {};
     677    13652800 :                 VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func4(dfTmp, Pxy, &x[r], &y[r]);
     678    40958400 :                 for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     679    27305600 :                     vars[v] += coef[v][r + 3] * dfTmp[0] +
     680    27305600 :                                coef[v][r + 3 + 1] * dfTmp[1] +
     681    27305600 :                                coef[v][r + 3 + 2] * dfTmp[2] +
     682    27305600 :                                coef[v][r + 3 + 3] * dfTmp[3];
     683             :             }
     684      617052 :             for (; r < _nof_points; r++)
     685             :             {
     686             :                 const double tmp =
     687       78439 :                     VizGeorefSpline2DBase_func(Pxy[0], Pxy[1], x[r], y[r]);
     688      235317 :                 for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     689      156878 :                     vars[v] += coef[v][r + 3] * tmp;
     690             :             }
     691      538613 :             break;
     692             :         }
     693           0 :         case VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_POINT_WAS_ADDED:
     694             :         {
     695           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     696             :                      "A point was added after the last solve."
     697             :                      " NO interpolation - return values are zero");
     698           0 :             for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     699           0 :                 vars[v] = 0.0;
     700           0 :             return 0;
     701             :         }
     702           0 :         case VIZ_GEOREF_SPLINE_POINT_WAS_DELETED:
     703             :         {
     704           0 :             CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
     705             :                      "A point was deleted after the last solve."
     706             :                      " NO interpolation - return values are zero");
     707           0 :             for (int v = 0; v < _nof_vars; v++)
     708           0 :                 vars[v] = 0.0;
     709           0 :             return 0;
     710             :         }
     711           0 :         default:
     712             :         {
     713           0 :             return 0;
     714             :         }
     715             :     }
     716      538613 :     return 1;
     717             : }
     718             : 
     719             : /*! @endcond */

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